Relação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e rizobactérias no crescimento de mudas de oliveira (Olea europaea)

A number of factors influence olive tree productivity (Olea europaea L.), from climatic factors to proper management of the species. The efciency of using microbiological inputs, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria, have been registered, mainly at the international literature. In Brazil, studies are still incipient. Therefore, the objective of this work was to analyze the effect of the co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria on the growth of olive tree seedlings. Two experiments were conducted simultaneously in DIC, in a factorial scheme (3x3+1) by olive cultivar (Arbequina and Maria da Fé), three rhizobacterial isolates Pseudomonas sp, Paenibacillus sp1, and Paenibacillus sp2 were combined with three species of AMF (Acaulospora scrobiculata, Gigaspora rosea and Rhizophagus clarus) and a total control (without fungus and bacteria), with three replicates per treatment, totaling 60 experimental units. The height, diameter, number of leaves, fresh root matter, shoot dry matter, N and P content and accumulation, intensity and percentage of root colonization, active and total extrarradicular mycelium and the number of spores were evaluated after 12 months. There were differentiated results of treatments for each cultivar, showing that for some attributes, there was an isolated effect of FMA or co-inoculation of FMA and rhizobacteria, which provided signifcant increases on the growth and development of olive tree seedlings.Inúmeros fatores influenciam a produtividade da oliveira (Olea europaea L.), desde climáticos até o manejo adequado da espécie. A eficiência da utilização de insumos microbiológicos, como fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e rizobactérias, tem sido registrada, principalmente na literatura internacional. No Brasil, os estudos ainda são incipientes. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito da coinoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e rizobactérias no crescimento de mudas de cultivares de oliveira. Conduziram-se dois experimentos simultaneamente em DIC, em esquema fatorial (3x3+1) por cultivar de oliveira (Arbequina e Maria da Fé), sendo 3 isolados de rizobactérias (32, 42 e 48) combinados com 3 espécies de FMAs (Acaulospora scrobiculata, Gigaspora rosea e Rhizophagus clarus) e um controle total (sem fungo e sem bactéria), com três repetições por tratamento, totalizando 60 unidades experimentais. Foram avaliados, após 12 meses, a altura, diâmetro, número de folhas, matéria fresca de raiz, matéria seca da parte aérea, teor e acúmulo de N e P, intensidade e porcentagem colonização radicular, micélio extrarradicular ativo e total e número de esporos. Houve resultados diferenciados dos tratamentos para cada cultivar, constatando-se que, para alguns atributos houve efeito isolado do FMA ou da coinoculação de FMA e rizobactéria, que proporcionaram aumentos significativos no crescimento e desenvolvimento das mudas de cultivares de oliveira

AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL ALELOPÁTICO DE INGÁ SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o potencial alelopático dos extratos aquosos de ingá sobre o desenvolvimento de plântulas de espécies nativas utilizadas em recuperação de áreas degradadas. As folhas verdes de ingá foram colhidas diretamente uma planta matriz, com auxílio de um podão. As folhas secas foram colhidas manualmente sobre o solo ao redor da mesma planta matriz. Para obtenção das raízes, utilizou-se um material perfurocortante, sendo colhidas apenas as raízes superficiais, da mesma planta matriz. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, sendo três tipos de extrato, o tratamento controle e quatro espécies alvo, utilizou-se cinco repetições por tratamento para as espécies de pau jacaré, paineira rosa e guapuruvu e quatro repetições por tratamento, para a espécie urucum. Foram analisadas as variáveis porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e comprimento de radícula e hipocótilo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p≤ 0,05). Verificou-se que os extratos aquosos de folhas verdes, secas e de raízes de ingá não apresentaram efeito alelopático sobre a germinação e crescimento inicial das diversas espécies alvo testadas, entretanto inibiram o crescimento do hipocótilo das plântulas de urucum

Evaluation of the serum biochemistry and histopathology of kidney and bladder of dogs with Leishmania sp. in their urine

The visceral establishment of Leishmania infantum in dogs may result in kidney and bladder tissue injury, with L. infantum ending up in urine. This study therefore aimed at investigating the presence of Leishmania sp. in urinary sediments, and correlating the results with those from renal and bladder serum biochemistry and histopathology. Thirty dogs with negative Nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for E. canis were used in the experiment, and were divided into three groups: control group (10 dogs), neither leishmaniasis nor clinical changes; group I (15 dogs), leishmaniasis but no Leishmania sp. in urine; and group II (5 dogs), leishmaniasis, as well as Leishmania sp. in urine. All animals were submitted to clinical, serological, and parasitological diagnosis for leishmaniasis, biochemical exams, and kidney and bladder histopathology. The parasite was also detected in the bladder imprint of one group II dog. Group II dogs presented with very low albumin concentrations, low albumin/globulin ratios, and kidney and bladder lesions. In the kidneys, hydropic degeneration, thickened Bowman's capsule, and thickening of the tubular capsule were detected in all dogs with positive urinary sediment. However, no significant difference in these renal changes was observed between groups. The intensity and distribution of bladder inflammatory infiltrates were significantly (p-value < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis’ and Dunn’s tests) higher in group II dogs, compared with those of the other groups. The presence of Leishmania sp. in the urine of infected dogs appeared to be related to low serum albumin concentrations and more severe bladder lesions

The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): Overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols

The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site. © Author(s) 2015

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Coinoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares e rizobactérias no crescimento de mudas de cultivares de oliveira (Olea europaea L.).

A olivicultura brasileira se instituiu por volta do século XIX, nas regiões altas da Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais e, posteriormente, para o Sul do Brasil. Entretanto, o cultivo em escala comercial ainda não se estabeleceu, em virtude da falta de investimentos em estudos relacionados ao manejo do solo, mudanças climáticas, dificuldades de floração e frutificação da espécie e outros fatores que interferem, de forma direta, na produção desta cultura. Devido a esses aspectos, o país importa de países tradicionalmente produtores quase todo azeite e azeitona consumidos. Diante da necessidade de estudos alternativos relacionados à produção de mudas de oliveira, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o potencial biotecnológico da coinoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e rizobactérias no crescimento de mudas, em condições controladas. Para isso, conduziram-se três experimentos simultaneamente, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial (3x3+1), sendo um para cada cultivar de oliveira (Arbequina, Maria da Fé e Grappolo 541), com 3 isolados de rizobactérias (Pseudomonas sp., Paenibacillus sp1. e Paenibacillus sp2.) Combinados com 3 espécies de FMAs (Acaulospora scrobiculata, Gigaspora rosea e Rhizophagus clarus) e um controle total (sem fungo e sem bactéria), com três repetições por tratamento, totalizando 90 unidades experimentais. Foram avaliados, após 12 meses de condução, a altura, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, matéria fresca de raiz, matéria seca da parte aérea, teor e acúmulo de N e P, intensidade e porcentagem de colonização radicular, comprimento de micélio extrarradicular ativo e total e número de esporos. Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste de Skott e Knott e correlação de Pearson. Houve efeito da coinoculação para cada cultivar, sendo para a cultivar Arbequina maior produção de matéria seca na parte aérea e para a cultivar Maria da Fé acúmulos significativos de nitrogênio na parte aérea. Quanto aos fungos micorrízico sarbusculares, destacou-se Acaulospora scrobiculata para todas as cultivares. A análise de correlação de Pearson confirmou que o efeito no crescimento das mudas esteve diretamente relacionado com a formação de micorriza

USO DE RESÍDUOS DA AGROINDÚSTRIA DE BANANAS NA COMPOSIÇÃO DE SUBSTRATOS PARA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE PAU PEREIRA

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a utilização do resíduo orgânico da agroindústria processadora de bananas na composição de substratos em comparação com outros substratos para produção de mudas de Platycyamus regnellii Benth. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, avaliando-se seis substratos dispostos em blocos casualizados, constando de: solo, areia e compostagem da casca de banana (S1); solo, areia e compostagem de cascas de vegetais diversos sem adição de banana (S2); solo, areia e farinha proveniente de cascas de banana após secagem (S3); solo, areia e esterco bovino seco e peneirado (S4), todos na proporção 3:2:1; solo e areia na proporção 3:2 com adição de 150g de fertilizante NPK 4.14.8 (S5) e tratamento controle: solo e areia na proporção 2:1 (S6). A compostagem da casca de bananas mostrou-se eficiente para produção de mudas de P. regnellii, enquanto o emprego da farinha de cascas de banana na composição de substrato comprometeu o desenvolvimento das mudas. Palavra-chave: Platycyamus regnellii, resíduos orgânicos, substrato.   FERTILIZER USE OF INDUSTRY PROCESSING OF BANANAS ON SEEDLING PRODUCTION OF PAU PEREIRA ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the organic waste use of bananas processing agroindustry fertilization on substrates and compare with other substrates for Platycyamus regnellii Benth seedling production. Experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, evaluating six substrates arranged in a randomized block consisting of: soil, sand and banana peels compost (S1); soil, sand and compost barks of various vegetables without  banana added (S2); soil, sand and flour from banana peels after drying (S3); soil, sand and  manure (S4), all in the ratio 3: 2: 1; soil and sand in the ratio 3: 2 with  150 g of NPK fertilizer addition 4.14.8 (S5) and the control treatment: soil and sand in the ratio 2: 1 (S6). The bananas peel compost was efficient to produce seedlings of P. regnellii, while employment of banana peels flour in substrate composition undertook the seedlings development. Keywords: Platycyamus regnellii, organic waste, substrate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v03n02a0