Sobrevivência e crescimento de larvas de ostras Crassostrea gigas.

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Curso de Engenharia de Aquicultura.A Ostreicultura tem grande potencial para contribuir com o desenvolvimento socioeconômico de regiões costeiras em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. No entanto, com o aumento da produção e consequente demanda por sementes, torna-se indispensável elaborar projetos de pesquisas para desenvolvimento de tecnologias visando fomentar a produção e reduzir custos para a atividade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo formar famílias de ostras Crassostrea gigas cultivadas em sistema de recirculação de água durante seu período larval. Entre os meses de novembro de 2014 e maio de 2015 foram produzidas um total de 50 famílias de meio irmãos divididas em 3 larviculturas. As larviculturas foram conduzidas em sistema de recirculação de água, onde as unidades experimentais foram mantidas em duplicata. A oferta de alimento consistiu em uma combinação das microalgas Isocrysis galbana e/ou Pavlova sp., Nannochloropsis oculata e Chaetoceros muelleri, em concentrações variando de 2x104 a 8x104 células/mL, conforme o estágio de desenvolvimento larval. A sobrevivência e crescimento foram acompanhados através de amostragens. Para crescimento, mensurouse aleatoriamente o comprimento de 20 larvas por família. Aproximadamente 9 600 larvas foram medidas. As temperaturas das larviculturas 1, 2 e 3 foram de (27,5 ºC±0,5), (28,1 ºC±0,68) e (27,5 ºC±0,5), sendo que a sobrevivência foi de (3,36% ±3,48), (6%±4,94) e (24 % ±15,37) respectivamente. Não houve medição para a larvicultura 1 , embora o tamanho médio final das larvas na larvicultura 2 foi de 311,66± 19 μm e na 3 de 310,62 ± 15μm. A estimativa de herdabilidade para comprimento foi de h²= 0,61

Amplitude de movimento de quadril associada ao índice de massa corporal em idosos

Introduction: Range of motion (ROM) is defined as the angular displacement of a joint. This displacement is necessary for performing functional activities and varies from individual to individual depending on age, gender, physical activity, presence or absence of dysfunction, and degree of muscle strength. WMD assessment is used in physical assessment to identify joint limitations and enable practitioners to quantitatively monitor the effectiveness of the interventions applied. Objective: To analyze hip range of motion associated with body mass index in the elderly. Materials and Method: The study was an experimental cross-sectional research with quantitative approach. Sixty elderly (30 Senior Citizenship Center - CCI and 30 Outdoor Academies - AAL) aged 60 to 70 years old, of both sexes, were evaluated. Results and discussion: The study showed a prevalence of female elderly, who practiced activities independently and who had at least one type of injury. At the ICC there was the presence of a Physical Education professional, which was not found in AAL. The most common diseases between the two groups were Hypertension, Diabetes and Osteoarthritis. In both again, BMI was high and ROM was low, and when correlated with ROM was inversely proportional. Conclusion: It is concluded that the prevalence of overweight elderly, injured and physical activity practitioners without an individualized exercise program can contribute to low ROM.Introdução: A amplitude de movimento (ADM) é definida como o deslocamento angular de uma articulação. Esse deslocamento é necessário para a realização de atividades funcionais e varia de indivíduo para indivíduo dependendo da idade, sexo, prática de atividade física, presença ou ausência de disfunção e o grau de força muscular. A avaliação da ADM é utilizada na avaliação física para identificar limitações articulares e permitir aos profissionais o acompanhamento de modo quantitativo a eficácia das intervenções aplicadas. Objetivo: analisar a amplitude de movimento de quadril associada ao índice de massa corporal em idosos. Matérias e Método:  O estudo tratou-se de uma pesquisa experimental, transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Foram avaliados 60 idosos (30 Centro de Convivência dos Idosos - CCI e 30 das Academias ao Ar Livre - AAL) com idade entre 60 a 70 anos, de ambos os sexos. Resultados e discussão: O estudo apresentou prevalência de idosos do sexo feminino, que praticavam atividades de forma independente e que possuíam pelo menos um tipo de lesão. No CCI havia a presença de um profissional de Educação Física, o que não foi constatado na AAL. As doenças mais comuns entre os dois grupos foram Hipertensão, Diabetes e Osteoartrites. Em ambos novamente, o IMC apresentou-se elevado e a ADM baixa, e quando correlacionado com a ADM mostrou-se inversamente proporcional. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a prevalência de idosos com sobrepeso, lesionados e praticantes de atividade física sem um programa de exercícios individualizados podem contribuir para a ADM baixa.       &nbsp

The neotropical reforestation hotspots : a biophysical and socioeconomic typology of contemporary forest expansion

Tropical reforestation is a significant component of global environmental change that is far less understood than tropical deforestation, despite having apparently increased widely in scale during recent decades. The regional contexts defining such reforestation have not been well described. They are likely to differ significantly from the geographical profiles outlined by site-specific observations that predominate in the literature. In response, this article determines the distribution, extent, and defining contexts of apparently spontaneous reforestation. It delineates regional ‘hotspots’ of significant net reforestation across Latin America and the Caribbean and defines a typology of these hotspots with reference to the biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics that unite and distinguish amongst them. Fifteen regional hotspots were identified on the basis of spatial criteria pertaining to the area, distribution, and rate of reforestation 2001–2014, observed using a custom continental MODIS satellite land-cover classification. Collectively, these hotspots cover 11% of Latin America and the Caribbean and they include 167,667.7 km2 of new forests. Comparisons with other remotely sensed estimates of reforestation indicate that these hotspots contain a significant amount of tropical reforestation, continentally and pantropically. The extent of reforestation as a proportion of its hotspot was relatively invariable (3–14%) given large disparities in hotspot areas and contexts. An ordination analysis defined a typology of five clusters, distinguished largely by their topographical roughness and related aspects of agro-ecological marginality, climate, population trends, and degree of urbanization: ‘Urban lowlands’, ‘Mountainous populated areas’, ‘Rural highlands’, ‘Rural humid lands’ and ‘Rural dry lands’. The typology highlights that a range of distinct, even oppositional regional biophysical, demographic, and agricultural contexts have equally given rise to significant, regional net reforestation, urging a concomitant diversification of forest transition science

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN

Análise da eficácia do uso terapêutico da trimetazidina nas principais síndromes coronarianas agudas

A injúria de reperfusão, ou isquemia, é um mecanismo fisiopatológico que ocorre nas etiopatogenias do miocárdio, como na angina instável. Assim, são utilizados fármacos adjuvantes citoprotetores, como a trimetazidina (TMZ), que visam à diminuição do tempo de hospitalização e melhora na função cardíaca com ação profilática contra essa lesão. No entanto, apesar dos seus potenciais benefícios no tratamento da síndrome coronariana aguda, ainda não está clara a sua eficácia em relação a outras terapias disponíveis. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo é analisar a eficácia do uso terapêutico da trimetazidina nas principais síndromes coronarianas agudas. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática usando as bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library e Embase. Um total de 3 estudos foi incluído na análise. Os resultados mostraram que a terapia com trimetazidina reduziu significativamente a incidência de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM) (OR = 0,33, IC 95% 0,15-0,75, p = 0,007), menor dano miocárdico (p < 0,05) e fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda mais elevada e menos eventos adversos em comparação com o grupo placebo (p < 0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de trimetazidina e controle em termos de mortalidade por todas as causas, mortalidade cardiovascular ou incidência de eventos adversos. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a terapia adjuvante com trimetazidina pode melhorar os resultados clínicos e a função cardíaca em pacientes com IAM sem aumentar o risco de eventos adversos. No entanto, são necessários mais ensaios clínicos randomizados em larga escala para confirmar esses resultados e determinar a duração e dose ideais da terapia com trimetazidina nessa população de pacientes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ