Práticas educativas estratégicas dos alunos: uma via para contrariar os processos de escolarização constrangedores

Contextualização: Os constrangimentos das realidades económicas, sociopolíticas e educativas das formações sociais, e as debilidades das condições socioeconómicas das famílias e dos alunos dificultam o processo de escolarização destes últimos. Existem, no entanto, evidências empíricas que atestam que em determinadas circunstâncias aqueles constrangimentos e debilidades podem favorecer práticas educativas (decisões e acções), que tornem os processos de escolarização mais acessíveis e bem-sucedidos. Objectivo: Esta pesquisa examina algumas práticas educativas estratégicas que os alunos de fracos recursos socioeconómicos dos níveis de ensino secundário e superior, em Luanda (Angola), concretizam para contrariar os obstáculos associados aos seus processos de escolarização. Metodologia: Com o auxílio do SPSS (17.0.1) procedeu-se à análise quantitativa dos dados recolhidos através de um inquérito por questionário (137). Os dados de um inquérito por entrevista não-dirigida (25 alunos) foram objectos de uma análise qualitativa, com apoio da aplicação informática NVivo6. Os conteúdos dos dados recolhidos diziam respeito a seis áreas ou categorias: percurso escolar, projectos e expectativas escolares, projectos e expectativas profissionais, envolvimento familiar no processo de escolarização, caracterização pessoal e familiar, e condições de vida estudantil e estratégias face ao ensino. Resultados: Os resultados da análise revelam que, face aos constrangimentos e dificuldades associados aos processos de escolarização, estes alunos tendem a desenvolver práticas educativas estratégicas (procura de apoio económico-financeiro para a realização dos estudos, envolvimento activo nos estudos e recurso ao “tráfico de influências”) conducentes à melhoria das suas condições de vida (presente e futura). Semelhantes práticas surgem particularmente ligadas à sobrevalorização da educação escolar, apreendida enquanto capital simbólico e de prestígio. Conclusões: Estas decisões e acções destes alunos de fracas condições socioeconómicas são, de facto, práticas educativas estratégicas. Através delas, os alunos procuram satisfazer os seus interesses escolares presentes e profissionais futuros. Elas revelam estes alunos enquanto actores sociais detentores de autonomia, capazes de utilizar a margem de manobra de que dispõem para enfrentarem ou resolverem os constrangimentos que se lhes impõem. São apresentadas sugestões para: a) melhorar a compreensão da importância da valorização da educação escolar para o sucesso da vida social e profissional dos alunos; e b) reforçar as capacidades dos alunos pertencentes a grupos sociais desfavorecidos de apreenderem criticamente as realidades socioeducativas em que se inserem e projectarem o futuro.Background: The constraint of the economic, socio-political and educational realities of the social formations and the weaknesses of the socioeconomic conditions of families and students hinders students’ education. There is, however, empirical evidence showing that, under certain circumstances, those constraints and weaknesses may favour educational practices (decisions and actions) that make schooling processes more accessible and successful. Purpose: This study examines some strategic educational practices that students of poor socioeconomic resources at secondary and tertiary level in Luanda (Angola), concretise to counter the obstacles associated with their schooling processes. Methodology: The quantitative analysis of the data collected through a questionnaire survey (137) was carried out using SPSS (17.0.1). The data from a questionnaire, collected through non-directed interviews (25 students), were objects of a qualitative analysis, with support computer application NVivo6. The contents of the collected data related to six areas or categories: school course, projects and school expectations, projects and professional expectations, family involvement in the schooling process, personal and family characterization, and student living conditions and strategies in relation to schooling. Results: The results of the analysis reveal that, given the constraints and difficulties associated with schooling processes, these students tend to develop strategic educational practices (seeking financial support for their studies, active involvement in studies and recourse to “trafficking of influences”) leading to the improvement of their living conditions (present and future). Such practices are particularly linked to the overvaluation of school education, which is perceived as a symbolic and prestige capital. Conclusions: These decisions and actions of these students with poor socioeconomic conditions are, in fact, strategic educational practices. Through them, students seek to meet their present school and future professional interests. They reveal these students as social actors who have autonomy, able to use their margin of manoeuvre to face or solve the constraints imposed to them. Suggestions are presented to: a) improve the understanding of the importance of valuing school education for the success of students’ social and professional life; and (b) strengthening the capacities of students from disadvantaged social groups to critically appraise the socio-educational realities within which they are inserted and to project the future

Growth and 4-ethylphenol production by the yeast Pichia guilliermondii in grape juices

The behavior of Pichia guilliermondii strains producing high levels of 4-ethylphenol in synthetic media was studied in wines and grape juices. These strains lost their viability and did not produce 4-ethylphenol after 24 hr of inoculation in red wines with ethanol adjusted to 10 or 12 % (v/v) and pH 3.5, in the absence of free sulphite. Under the same conditions, at 12 % (v/v) ethanol, growth of Dekkera bruxellensis was observed. When grown in single culture in grape juices, selected strains of P. guilliermondii produced high levels of 4-ethylphenol. In mixed grape juice fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, P. guilliermondii began to die after starter inoculation at 107 cfu/mL and did not produce 4-ethylphenol. Low starter inoculation rates (102 cfu/mL) added 72 hr after P. guilliermondii inoculation resulted in high production of 4-ethylphenol. In conditions mimicking cold pre-fermentative maceration processes, at 10ºC for 72 hr, P. guilliermondii did not grow, while at 25ºC growth attained a 104 fold increase. At this temperature, addition of 200 mg/L potassium metabisulfite after grape crushing did not eliminate P. guilliermondii inoculated at 104 cfu/mL in grape juice of pH 3.57. The possibility that high levels of 4-ethylphenol in wines are due to the activity of P. guilliermondii should be mostly related with uncontrolled growth in contaminated grape juices before starter inoculation. In wines, its ability to produce 4-ethylphenol seems to be much lower than that of D. bruxellensis

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) prevalence in wild and aquaculture crustacean populations from Mozambique, assessed by molecular diagnosis

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is still one of the most dangerous viral pathogens in crustacean aquaculture since its first identification in 1992, especially for tropical and subtropical countries. In Mozambique, WSSV was first detected in 2011 in cultured shrimp after mass mortality of shrimp in ponds. To control the virus, disease surveillance is the most recommended approach. The aim of this study was to report WSSV infection in crustaceans from wild stock and farms in Mozambique. Frozen and fresh samples of pleopods, larvae, and muscle from shrimp and crabs collected in seven provinces of Mozambique between 2011 and 2013, and in 2018, were tested for WSSV using the commercial IQ2000™ kit. A total of 946 out of 3480 tested samples were WSSV positive and it corresponds to a total prevalence of 27.2% in crustaceans. The infection rate was 31.6% (723samples) in wild shrimps, 21.8% (152) in wild crabs, and 14.4% (71) in aquaculture shrimps. The positivity infection rate varied within the sampling provinces. The highest infection rate was reported in Gaza (61.43%) followed by Inhambane and Zambezia (45.79 and 40%, respectively). The lowest prevalence of WSSV was reported in Cabo Delgado (2.99%). This study demonstrated the presence of WSSV in Mozambique in high prevalence in both wildlife and aquaculture crustaceans, demonstrating the need for constant monitoring and implementation of preventive measures to decrease the rates of positive infectivity both in the wild and aquaculture crustaceans.https://link.springer.com/journal/12210hj2023Veterinary Tropical Disease

Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study

: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

COOPEDU IV — Cooperação e Educação de Qualidade

O quarto Congresso Internacional de Cooperação e Educação-IV COOPEDU, organizado pelo Centro de Estudos Internacionais (CEI) do Instituto Universitário de Lisboa e pela Escola Superior de Educação e Ciências Sociais do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria decorreu nos dias 8 e 9 de novembro de 2018, subordinado à temática Cooperação e Educação de Qualidade. Este congresso insere-se numa linha de continuidade de intervenção por parte das duas instituições organizadoras e dos elementos coordenadores e este ano beneficiou do financiamento do Instituto Camões, obtido através de um procedimento concursal, que nos permitiu contar com a participação presencial de elementos dos Países Africanos de Língua Portuguesa, fortemente implicados nas problemáticas da Educação e da Formação. Contou também com a participação do Instituto Camões e da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, entidades que sistematizaram a sua intervenção nos domínios da cooperação na área da educação nos últimos anos. A opção pela temática da qualidade pareceu aos organizadores pertinente e actual. Com efeito os sistemas educativos dos países que constituem a Comunidade de países de língua portuguesa têm implementado várias reformas mas em vários domínios mantem-se a insatisfação de responsáveis políticos, pedagogos, técnicos sociais face aos resultados obtidos. Aliás o caminho de procura da Qualidade é interminável porque vai a par da aposta na exigência e na promoção da cidadania e responsabilidade social. As comunicações que agora se publicam estão organizadas em dois eixos: o das Políticas da Educação e Formação e o das dimensões em que se traduzem essas políticas. Neste último eixo encontramos fios condutores para agregarmos as comunicações apresentadas

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries