METODOLOGIA DA PROBLEMATIZAÇÃO: REFLEXÕES ACERCA DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA COM ALUNOS UNIVERSITÁRIOS

Among the factors involved in the learning of higher education students, quality of life can be highlighted. The objective of this report was to problematize the quality of life with university students through approximations with the Problematization Methodology (PM) with the Maguerez arc. The information presented in a descriptive way was collected following the arch and questionnaire development stages before and after the workshop, and for the analysis of such information, thematic analysis was used. As a result, the effectiveness of using MP as a didactic-pedagogical method to help participants understand their quality of life was verified, in the perception of the need for changes in behavior and attitudes to improve and maintain this quality of life. In teaching-learning processes, the use of MP makes it possible to generate the leading role of higher education students when aligned with their reality.Entre los factores que intervienen en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de educación superior, se destaca la calidad de vida. El objetivo de este informe fue problematizar la calidad de vida con estudiantes universitarios a través de aproximaciones con la Metodología de Problematización (PM) con el arco de Maguerez. La información presentada de manera descriptiva fue recolectada siguiendo las etapas de desarrollo del arco y cuestionario antes y después del taller, y para el análisis de dicha información se utilizó el análisis temático. Como resultado, se verificó la efectividad del uso de MP como método didáctico-pedagógico para ayudar a los participantes a comprender su calidad de vida, en la percepción de la necesidad de cambios de comportamiento y actitudes para mejorar y mantener esta calidad de vida. En los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, el uso de MP permite generar el protagonismo de los estudiantes de educación superior cuando se alinea con su realidad. conductas y actitudes para mejorar y mantener esa calidad de vida. En los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje, el uso del Arco de Maguerez permite generar el protagonismo de los estudiantes de educación superior al alinearse con su realidad.Dentre os fatores implicados na aprendizagem de estudantes do Ensino Superior, pode-se destacar a qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste relato foi problematizar a qualidade de vida com alunos universitários por meio de aproximações da Metodologia da Problematização (MP) com o arco de Maguerez. As informações apresentadas de forma descritiva foram coletadas seguindo as etapas de desenvolvimento do arco e de questionário, antes e após a realização da oficina, sendo que, para a análise de tais informações, foi utilizada a análise temática. Como resultado, verificou-se a efetividade da utilização da MP como método didático-pedagógico para auxiliar os participantes na compreensão sobre sua qualidade de vida na percepção da necessidade de mudanças de comportamentos e atitudes para melhoria e manutenção dessa qualidade de vida. Em processos de ensino-aprendizagem, o uso da MP possibilita gerar o protagonismo do aluno do Ensino Superior quando alinhado à realidade dele

ETHNOBOTANY STUDY OF VEGETABLE SPECIES WITH THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES FROM A RURAL COMMUNITY IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BARBALHA, CEARÁ, BRAZIL

From the beginnings of mankind man recurs to natural resources for the treatment, cure and prevention of various diseases through the use of medicinal plants. The objective of this study was to revitalize and identify the knowledge regarding plant species with therapeutic purposes used by the traditional Santo Antônio community, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil, with the aim of assisting chemical and pharmacological studies. The methodology was based on semi-structured interviews to explore informant’s knowledge surrounding medicinal species and to highlight those considered more versatile. 27 species were described, distributed across 21 distinct families, of which the most representative was the Anacardiaceae family. From these species, 05 have gained prominence regarding their versatility: Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Helianthus annuus L., Bauhinia variegata L., Anethum graveolens L., Passiflora cincinnata Mast. In general, the leaf was the most used plant part. As for preparation method, infusion prevailed. For therapeutic purpose, a greater use in disease cases involving problems such as scarring, hypertension, anxiety and diabetes was observed. Most of the indications reported by the local community coincide with findings in the literature, thus, this research may serve as a subsidy for pharmacological and chemical studies which may lead to the discovery of new herbal medicines

O impacto do tratamento das crianças com leucemia: uma mini revisão de literatura

A leucemia é uma doença que acomete os glóbulos brancos, comprometendo o sistema de defesa do organismo. Os tipos de leucemia se enquadram tanto entre agudas e crônicas quanto entre mieloides e linfoides, sendo as mais comuns: Leucemia Mieloide Crônica e Leucemia Mieloide Aguda. Desta forma, esta mini revisão, tem como objetivo identificar e compreender de que maneira as famílias de pacientes portadores de leucemia enfrentam o diagnóstico, bem como as percepções sobre os procedimentos invasivos, as reações maternas e o uso do coping religioso/ espiritual mediante a doença. Trata-se de uma mini revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter descritivo, baseada na seguinte questão: Quais os reflexos no tratamento da leucemia infantojuvenil na rede de apoio ao paciente? Com isso, realizou-se uma busca de artigos nas seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) e National Library Medicine and National Instituites of Health (PUBMED) e Google Acadêmico, todos com artigos publicados entre 2018 e 2023. Além disso, foram utilizados descritores como: criança, adolescente, leucemia, cuidadores, espiritualidade, relações familiares e emoções para efetuar a busca dos artigos selecionados. Grande parte dos artigos selecionados ressaltaram que houveram mudanças tanto na dinâmica familiar quanto nos perfis emocionais dos cuidadores, principalmente das mães, em função da situação da criança adoecida. Ademais, o coping religioso/ espiritual e a negação do diagnóstico foram apontados como maneiras de enfrentamento. Pode-se concluir que o uso da religiosidade e da espiritualidade geraram impactos positivos nas redes de apoio aos pacientes com leucemia. Além disso, a aproximação entre os familiares, as alterações emocionais e a qualidade dos cuidados prestados contribuíram para uma melhora no suporte ao paciente durante o tratamento

Image processing tool for the detection and quantification of xylanase activity in a metagenomic study

The vast diversity of unexplored microbial communities inhabiting the planet drives the continuous screening for promising biocatalysts. Until recently, the strategies to find new microorganisms and their enzymes were mainly focused on laboratory studies of pure microbial cultures. However, a great amount of environmental microorganisms cannot be cultivated under laboratorial conditions [1]. Metagenomics has emerged as an innovative approach to explore these uncultivable microorganisms through the analysis of DNA extracted from environmental samples [2]. It is considered a powerful tool for the discovery of novel biocatalysts and two different approaches have been proposed. Sequence-based studies recognize candidate genes but do not provide direct conclusions about the functionality of the encoded enzymes. On the other hand, the function-based approach allows the identification of new enzymes and also leads to preliminary information about their activities and physicochemical parameters. Indeed, function-based screenings have been successfully used in different environments to find genes encoding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, such as xylanases [2]. These enzymes are considered important catalysts in the biological decomposition of lignocellulosic residues. In this study, a fosmid library previously prepared in Escherichia coli with genomic DNA extracted from a compost sample collected in a national composting unit (Lipor) [3] was evaluated through a functional screening. To assess the xylanase activity of all the clones, a fast and simple chromogenic screening test using AZCL-xylan was performed in 96-well microplates at room temperature. Afterwards, the positive clones were selected and incubated at different temperatures (25, 37, 45 and 60 ºC) with the same substrate in Petri plates, for three days, to identify the most fast and promising clones. The presence of blue color was assumed as positive responses correlated with areas size. Area boundaries were extracted automatically by analyzing color images of the samples using MATLABs in-house functions. At 60 ºC, no positive clones were detected. Two positive clones simultaneously exhibited enzymatic activity under 25, 37 and 45 ºC. In general, 37 ºC proved to be the most suitable temperature for the detection of xylanase activity. The method herein reported can be further optimized for the automatic detection of different enzymatic activities in high throughput screenings.The study received financial support from Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit and the project LIGNOZYMES-Metagenomics approach to unravel the potential of lignocellulosic residues towards the discovery of novel enzymes (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029773). J.S. and A.M.A.C. acknowledge their research grants UMINHO/BIM/2020/28 and UMINHO/BPD/37/2018, respectively, under the scope of the project LIGNOZYMES. The authors also acknowledge the Portuguese composting unit Lipor for kindly supplying the compost sample.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Identification of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes using metagenomic approaches

Composting units which handle lignocellulosic residues are suitable sources of novel and promising lignocellulose-degrading enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases and amylases. These enzymes have practical application in many industries where lignocellulose is converted into several added-value bioproducts. However, the effective conversion of lignocellulose by a sustainable process is currently incomplete. Therefore, there is a need to find novel and robust catalysts to overcome this fact. Function- and sequence-based metagenomic approaches were used to identify novel lignocellulose-degrading enzymes with interesting industrial applications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O Impacto do uso de drogas durante a gravidez no neurodesenvolvimento de neonatos

A problemática das drogas no Brasil não é recente e afeta os mais diversos setores da sociedade, inclusive o tecido social gestante, o que amplifica suas consequências pensando que nesse processo estarão envolvidos a progenitora e a progênie. O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever as alterações no sistema nervoso central (SNC) em bebês nascidos de mães dependentes químicas e, dessa forma, fornecer bases consistentes para futuro desenvolvimento de estratégias para o tratamento e prevenção na atenção básica, levando em conta o contexto social do binômio mãe/feto. Principalmente, os aspectos de educação e saúde, condições socioeconômicos e culturais. A metodologia utilizada englobou pesquisas de dados em 5 artigos originais produzidas desde o ano de 2018 que correspondessem com o tema, gratuitos e encontrados nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Pubmed, Scielo. Em suma, os resultados gerais demonstraram anormalidades no desenvolvimento nervoso central, choro frequente, angústia respiratória, tremores dos neonatos e diversas dificuldades para um tratamento resolutivo. O tema possui diversas nuances, já que a síndrome de abstinência neonatal (SAN) não se limita ao uso de drogas ilícitas, mas até mesmo antidepressivos, álcool e outros medicamentos. Com isso, é necessário atenção para determinar causas de microcefalia, nascimento prematuro e desenvolvimento neuro-motor inesperado; todos são sintomas de tal síndrome. Dessa forma, há urgência em desenvolver mais pesquisas sobre o assunto, para que a atenção básica supere os desafios da separação do binômio mãe/feto e as adversidades na utilização de medicamentos semelhantes as drogas utilizadas pelas gestantes na reabilitação de ambos. &nbsp

Preclinical assessment of mesenchymal-stem-cell-based therapies in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3

The low regeneration potential of the central nervous system (CNS) represents a challenge for the development of new therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases, including spinocerebellar ataxias. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3)—or Machado–Joseph disease (MJD)—is the most common dominant ataxia, being mainly characterized by motor deficits; however, SCA3/MJD has a complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology, involving many CNS brain regions, contributing to the lack of effective therapies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a potential therapeutic tool for CNS disorders. Beyond their differentiation potential, MSCs secrete a broad range of neuroregulatory factors that can promote relevant neuroprotective and immunomodulatory actions in different pathophysiological contexts. The objective of this work was to study the effects of (1) human MSC transplantation and (2) human MSC secretome (CM) administration on disease progression in vivo, using the CMVMJD135 mouse model of SCA3/MJD. Our results showed that a single CM administration was more beneficial than MSC transplantation—particularly in the cerebellum and basal ganglia—while no motor improvement was observed when these cell-based therapeutic approaches were applied in the spinal cord. However, the effects observed were mild and transient, suggesting that continuous or repeated administration would be needed, which should be further tested.This research was funded by the National Ataxia Foundation (NAF) and by Portuguese national funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)—projects UIDB/50026/2020, UIDP/50026/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029206, and through the Santa Casa Neuroscience Awards (Santa Casa da Misericórdia Lisboa)—project MC-04/17. Additionally, this project was funded by the ICVS Scientific Microscopy Platform, a member of the national infrastructure PPBI—Portuguese Platform of Bioimaging (PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122). S.C.S. received an individual fellowship within the project TUBITAK/0007/2014. The FCT funded individual fellowships to J.S C., A.N.-C., B.M.- P., F.G.T., R.L., S.M., N.A.S., C.S.-C., and S.D.-S. (SFRH/BD/140624/2018, SFRH/BPD/118779/2016, SFRH/BD/120124/2016, SFRH/BPD/118408/2016, PD/BDE/127836/2016, CEECIND/01902/2017, CEECIND/04794/2017, CEECIND/03887/2017, and CEECIND/00685/2020)

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt s = 13 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised