Invasion and reproduction of Pratylenchus penetrans in birdsfoot trefoil cultivars

Des essais en serre ont eté menés afin de déterminer les niveaux d'envahissement de cultivars et de lignées du lotier cornicule (Lotus corniculatus) par le nématode des lésions racinaires (Pratylenchus penetrans). Le nombre de nematodes présents dans les racines a été déterminé 6 semaines après la plantation dans des pots de démarrage de polystyrène de 50 cm3. Des nematodes ont été trouvés dans les racines de tous les cultivars et lignées, cependant les degrés d'envahissement différaient significativement. Dans le premier essai de triage, effectué en 1994 avec 23 cultivars et lignées, NB90-104, Upstart et Viking contenaient les plus faibles densités de population de nematodes dans les racines avec des niveaux inférieurs à 1 000 g-1 de matière sèche, alors que Fergus et EPF avaient des densités de population supérieures à 30 000 g-1 de matière sèche. Dans le deuxième essai de triage, réalisé en 1995, les neuf cultivars et lignées étudiés, y compris NB90-104, Upstart et Viking, avaient des niveaux de nematodes supérieurs à résultats montrent que les cultivars et ont une grande variabilité génétique par des lésions racinaires.Greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the levels of invasion of birdsfoot trefoil(Lotus corniculatus) cultivars and lines by the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchuspenetrans). Numbersof nematodesin roots grown in 50-cm3 polystyrene starter pots were determined 6 weeks after planting. Nematodes were detected in the roots of all cultivars and lines, though the degree of invasion varied significantly. In the first screening trial, carried out in 1994 on 23 cultivars and lines, NB90-104, Upstart, and Viking harbored the lowest population densities of nematodes with levels below 1 000 g-1 of dry root, while Fergus and EPF had population densities over 30 000 g-1 of dry root. In the second screening trial conducted in 1995, all nine cultivars and lines tested, including NB90-104, Upstart, and Viking, had nematode levels greater than 7 900 g-1 of dry root. The results indicated that the cultivars and lines tested in this study exhibited wide genetic variability for invasion by root-lesion nematodes

Invasion and reproduction by rootlesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans) differs among selected lines of red clover (Trifolium pratense)

Dans une étude en serre, les réponses relatives à l'inoculation par le nématode des lésions racinaires (Pratylenchus penetrans) ont été évaluées pour dix-huit cultivars et lignées pour l'amélioration du trèfle rouge (Trifolium pratense). La fréquence d'envahissement des plantes et la concentration des nématodes dans les racines étaient généralement correlées, mais il y avait des exceptions. La fréquence d'envahissement des plantes était faible pour un cultivar (Florex), mais la concentration des nématodes dans les racines des plantes envahies était élevée. Trois des plantes testées (CRS 15, CRS 5 et CRS 11) avaient une faible fréquence d'envahissement et une faible concentration de nématodes dans les racines. Un cultivar, AC Kingston, a été évalué comme étant très sensible, alors que la fréquence d'envahissement et la concentration des nématodes dans les racines variaient pour les autres plantes testées.Eighteen cultivars and breeding lines of red clover (Trifolium pratense) were evaluated in a greenhouse study for their relative response to inoculation by the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans). The incidence of plants invaded and the nematode concentration in the roots were generally related but not always. One cultivar (Florex) had a low incidence of plants being invaded, but a high concentration of nematodes in the roots of invaded plants. Three entries (CRS 15, CRS 5, and CRS 11) displayed a low incidence of plants being invaded and a low concentration of nematodes in the root. One cultivar, AC Kingston, was judged to be highly susceptible, while the remaining entries had differing invasion incidences and differing concentrations of root-lesion nematodes in the roots

Different types of disease-causing non-coding variants revealed by genomic and gene expression analyses in families with X-linked intellectual disability

The pioneering discovery research of X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) genes has benefitted thousands of individuals worldwide however, approximately 30% of XLID families still remain unresolved. We postulated that non-coding variants that affect gene regulation or splicing may account for the lack of a genetic diagnosis in some cases. Detecting pathogenic, gene-regulatory variants with the same sensitivity and specificity as structural and coding variants is a major challenge for Mendelian disorders. Here, we describe three pedigrees with suggestive XLID where distinctive phenotypes associated with known genes guided the identification of three different non-coding variants. We used comprehensive structural, single nucleotide and repeat expansion analyses of genome sequencing. RNA-Seq from patient-derived cell lines, RT-PCRs, western blots and reporter gene assays were used to confirm the functional effect of three fundamentally different classes of pathogenic non-coding variants: a retrotransposon insertion, a novel intronic splice donor and a canonical splice variant of an untranslated exon. In one family, we excluded a rare coding variant in ARX, a known XLID gene, in favour of a regulatory non-coding variant in OFD1 that correlated with the clinical phenotype. Our results underscore the value of genomic research on unresolved XLID families to aid novel, pathogenic non-coding variant discovery.Michael J. Field, Raman Kumar, Anna Hackett, Sayaka Kayumi, Cheryl A. Shoubridge, Lisa J. Ewans, Atma M. Ivancevic, Tracy Dudding, Byth, Renée Carroll, Thessa Kroes, Alison E. Gardner, Patricia Sullivan, Thuong T. Ha, Charles E. Schwartz, Mark J. Cowley, Marcel E. Dinger, Elizabeth E. Palmer, Louise Christie, Marie Shaw, Tony Roscioli, Jozef Gecz, Mark A. Corbet

Effect of event selection on jetlike correlation measurement in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

AbstractDihadron correlations are analyzed in sNN=200 GeV d+Au collisions classified by forward charged particle multiplicity and zero-degree neutral energy in the Au-beam direction. It is found that the jetlike correlated yield increases with the event multiplicity. After taking into account this dependence, the non-jet contribution on the away side is minimal, leaving little room for a back-to-back ridge in these collisions

J/ψ polarization in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV in STAR

AbstractWe report on a polarization measurement of inclusive J/ψ mesons in the di-electron decay channel at mid-rapidity at 2<pT<6 GeV/c in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV. Data were taken with the STAR detector at RHIC. The J/ψ polarization measurement should help to distinguish between different models of the J/ψ production mechanism since they predict different pT dependences of the J/ψ polarization. In this analysis, J/ψ polarization is studied in the helicity frame. The polarization parameter λθ measured at RHIC becomes smaller towards high pT, indicating more longitudinal J/ψ polarization as pT increases. The result is compared with predictions of presently available models

Beam-energy Dependence Of Charge Balance Functions From Au + Au Collisions At Energies Available At The Bnl Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Balance functions have been measured in terms of relative pseudorapidity (Δη) for charged particle pairs at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider from Au + Au collisions at sNN=7.7GeV to 200 GeV using the STAR detector. These results are compared with balance functions measured at the CERN Large Hadron Collider from Pb + Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The width of the balance function decreases as the collisions become more central and as the beam energy is increased. In contrast, the widths of the balance functions calculated using shuffled events show little dependence on centrality or beam energy and are larger than the observed widths. Balance function widths calculated using events generated by UrQMD are wider than the measured widths in central collisions and show little centrality dependence. The measured widths of the balance functions in central collisions are consistent with the delayed hadronization of a deconfined quark gluon plasma (QGP). The narrowing of the balance function in central collisions at sNN=7.7 GeV implies that a QGP is still being created at this relatively low energy. © 2016 American Physical Society.942CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian FederationMOE, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of ChinaMOST, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of ChinaNRF-2012004024, National Research FoundationNSF, National Stroke FoundationConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

A novel formulation of inhaled sodium cromoglicate (PA101) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, proof-of-concept, phase 2 trial

Background Cough can be a debilitating symptom of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and is difficult to treat. PA101 is a novel formulation of sodium cromoglicate delivered via a high-efficiency eFlow nebuliser that achieves significantly higher drug deposition in the lung compared with the existing formulations. We aimed to test the efficacy and safety of inhaled PA101 in patients with IPF and chronic cough and, to explore the antitussive mechanism of PA101, patients with chronic idiopathic cough (CIC) were also studied. Methods This pilot, proof-of-concept study consisted of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with IPF and chronic cough and a parallel study of similar design in patients with CIC. Participants with IPF and chronic cough recruited from seven centres in the UK and the Netherlands were randomly assigned (1:1, using a computer-generated randomisation schedule) by site staff to receive PA101 (40 mg) or matching placebo three times a day via oral inhalation for 2 weeks, followed by a 2 week washout, and then crossed over to the other arm. Study participants, investigators, study staff, and the sponsor were masked to group assignment until all participants had completed the study. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in objective daytime cough frequency (from 24 h acoustic recording, Leicester Cough Monitor). The primary efficacy analysis included all participants who received at least one dose of study drug and had at least one post-baseline efficacy measurement. Safety analysis included all those who took at least one dose of study drug. In the second cohort, participants with CIC were randomly assigned in a study across four centres with similar design and endpoints. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02412020) and the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT Number 2014-004025-40) and both cohorts are closed to new participants. Findings Between Feb 13, 2015, and Feb 2, 2016, 24 participants with IPF were randomly assigned to treatment groups. 28 participants with CIC were enrolled during the same period and 27 received study treatment. In patients with IPF, PA101 reduced daytime cough frequency by 31·1% at day 14 compared with placebo; daytime cough frequency decreased from a mean 55 (SD 55) coughs per h at baseline to 39 (29) coughs per h at day 14 following treatment with PA101, versus 51 (37) coughs per h at baseline to 52 (40) cough per h following placebo treatment (ratio of least-squares [LS] means 0·67, 95% CI 0·48–0·94, p=0·0241). By contrast, no treatment benefit for PA101 was observed in the CIC cohort; mean reduction of daytime cough frequency at day 14 for PA101 adjusted for placebo was 6·2% (ratio of LS means 1·27, 0·78–2·06, p=0·31). PA101 was well tolerated in both cohorts. The incidence of adverse events was similar between PA101 and placebo treatments, most adverse events were mild in severity, and no severe adverse events or serious adverse events were reported. Interpretation This study suggests that the mechanism of cough in IPF might be disease specific. Inhaled PA101 could be a treatment option for chronic cough in patients with IPF and warrants further investigation