31 research outputs found

    Research response to coronavirus disease 2019 needed better coordination and collaboration: a living mapping of registered trials

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    Objectives: Researchers worldwide are actively engaging in research activities to search for preventive and therapeutic interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to describe the planning of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in terms of timing related to the course of the COVID-19 epidemic and research question evaluated. Study Design and Setting: We performed a living mapping of RCTs registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We systematically search the platform every week for all RCTs evaluating preventive interventions and treatments for COVID-19 and created a publicly available interactive mapping tool at https://covid-nma.com to visualize all trials registered. Results: By August 12, 2020, 1,568 trials for COVID-19 were registered worldwide. Overall, the median ([Q1–Q3]; range) delay between the first case recorded in each country and the first RCT registered was 47 days ([33–67]; 15–163). For the 9 countries with the highest number of trials registered, most trials were registered after the peak of the epidemic (from 100% trials in Italy to 38% in the United States). Most trials evaluated treatments (1,333 trials; 85%); only 223 (14%) evaluated preventive strategies and 12 postacute period intervention. A total of 254 trials were planned to assess different regimens of hydroxychloroquine with an expected sample size of 110,883 patients. Conclusion: This living mapping analysis showed that COVID-19 trials have relatively small sample size with certain redundancy in research questions. Most trials were registered when the first peak of the pandemic has passed

    New methods for the development of Core Outcome Sets : the example of depression

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    De nombreuses interventions visant Ă  soigner la dĂ©pression sont disponibles Ă  ce jour, comme les antidĂ©presseurs, les psychothĂ©rapies, ou les techniques de neurostimulation. L’efficacitĂ© et la sĂ©curitĂ© de ces diffĂ©rentes interventions sont Ă©valuĂ©s dans des essais cliniques contrĂŽlĂ©s randomisĂ©s (ECR), par des critĂšres de jugement. Cependant, l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des critĂšres de jugement mesurĂ©s au sein des ECR de la dĂ©pression empĂȘche la comparaison et la combinaison de leurs rĂ©sultats dans les mĂ©ta-analyses. De plus, la pertinence de ces critĂšres de jugement pour la pratique clinique est souvent limitĂ©e. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă  ces problĂšmes, un moyen envisagĂ© est de dĂ©velopper un ensemble minimal de critĂšres de jugement Ă  rapporter dans tous les ECR de la dĂ©pression, c’est-Ă -dire un « Core Outcome Set » (COS). Dans ce travail, nous prĂ©sentons de nouvelles mĂ©thodes pour dĂ©velopper les COS, impliquant davantage les patients. AmĂ©liorer qualitativement et quantitativement la participation des patients et de tous les acteurs des ECR vise Ă  renforcer leur gĂ©nĂ©ralisabilitĂ© et leur crĂ©dibilitĂ©, et donc, potentiellement, leur utilisation dans les ECR. Concernant les critĂšres d’efficacitĂ© des interventions, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© une mĂ©thode pour identifier les domaines Ă  inclure dans le COS. Elle consiste Ă  rĂ©aliser une Ă©tude internationale auprĂšs de patients, de leurs proches, ainsi que de cliniciens en posant quelques questions ouvertes sur leurs attentes par rapport aux interventions thĂ©rapeutiques. La preuve de concept a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par l’étude PROCEED qui a inclus 1912 patients, 464 proches et 627 cliniciens et qui a identifiĂ© 80 domaines candidats, dont la plupart, comme la douleur mentale n’est jamais mesurĂ©e dans les ECR. Cette Ă©tude reprĂ©sente la premiĂšre Ă©tape du dĂ©veloppement d’un COS pour Ă©valuer l’efficacitĂ© des interventions thĂ©rapeutiques de la dĂ©pression. Concernant la sĂ©curitĂ© des interventions, nous avons dĂ©finis quels Ă©vĂšnements indĂ©sirables (EI) devrait inclure un COS de sĂ©curitĂ© : 1) les EI graves (au sens de la FDA) inattendus qui surviennent dans les ECR, 2) les EI graves attendus, 3) une liste d’EI non-graves mais considĂ©rĂ©s comme dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres pour les patients. Nous proposons une mĂ©thode permettant d’identifier la liste des EI non-graves mais considĂ©rĂ©s comme dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres pour les patients en 1) identifiant les EI non graves d’une pathologie donnĂ©e par une revue systĂ©matique des ECR, 2) rĂ©alisant une Ă©tude de prĂ©fĂ©rence auprĂšs des patients et des cliniciens pour dĂ©terminer les EI non-graves mais considĂ©rĂ©s comme dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres. En prenant l’exemple des ECR des antidĂ©presseurs, nous avons fait la preuve de concept de cette mĂ©thode au cours d’une Ă©tude impliquant 1631 patients et 282 cliniciens. Les participants ont classĂ© les 30 EI non-graves les plus frĂ©quemment rapportĂ©s dans les ECR Ă©valuant les antidĂ©presseurs. Ceux considĂ©rĂ©s comme les plus dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres Ă©tant l’insomnie, la dysfonction sexuelle, la prise de poids, l’anxiĂ©tĂ©, la fatigue et l’agitation. Ce travail de recherche a produit de nouvelles mĂ©thodes pour le dĂ©veloppement des COS permettant une meilleure inclusion quantitative et qualitative de tous les acteurs importants des ECR, avec au premier plan, les patients. Par ailleurs, nous avons conceptualisĂ© et proposĂ© des mĂ©thodes pour la sĂ©lection de critĂšres de jugement de sĂ©curitĂ©, alors que jusqu’ici, les efforts des initiatives de recherche sur les COS s’étaient concentrĂ©s sur les critĂšres d’efficacitĂ©. Concernant plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment le champ de l’évaluation des thĂ©rapeutiques de la dĂ©pression, ce travail a permis d’identifier des domaines d’efficacitĂ© et de sĂ©curitĂ© importants pour les patients et les cliniciens alors qu’aucune recherche n’avait Ă©tĂ© dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  ce sujet. Alors que la recherche sur les COS s’est focalisĂ©e sur leur dĂ©veloppement, il apparaĂźt de plus en plus Ă©vident que la prioritĂ© doit ĂȘtre d’augmenter leur utilisation dans les ECR, au risque sinon de contribuer au gĂąchis de la recherche plutĂŽt que de le rĂ©sorber.Many treatments for depression are available such as antidepressants, psychotherapy, or neurostimulation techniques. These different treatments are evaluated in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) measuring their effectiveness and safety with outcomes. However, the heterogeneity of outcomes across RCTs prevents the comparison of their results and their combination in meta-analyses. Moreover, they may be of little relevance to clinical practice. One answer to this problem is the use of a Core Outcome Set (COS), which is the minimum set of outcomes to be measured across trials of a given disease. In this work, we present new methods for developing COS by involving large samples of all relevant stakeholders, including patients, to improve their generalizability and credibility, and thus, potentially, their use in RCTs. Regarding efficacy outcomes, we propose to identify relevant domains using an international online survey involving patients, informal caregivers, and clinicians. The survey relies on a few open-ended questions about the expectations regarding the treatment. The proof of concept was performed by the PROCEED study which included 1912 patients, 464 relatives and 627 clinicians and identified 80 domains most of which, such as mental pain, are never measured in RCTs. PROCEED embodies the first step of the development of a COS for depression. Regarding harm outcomes, we defined what kind of adverse events (AEs) should be included in a COS: 1) unexpected serious AEs (as defined by the FDA) that occur in RCTs - which is a legal requirement, 2) expected serious AEs, 3) a list of AEs that are not serious but still troublesome to patients. We propose a method to identify the list of non-serious troublesome AEs by 1) identifying the non-serious AEs of a given condition through a systematic review of RCTs, 2) conducting a preference study with patients and clinicians to determine which non-serious but troublesome ARs are considered important. Using the example of RCTs of antidepressants, we have made the proof-of-concept of this method with an online survey involving 1631 patients and 282 clinicians. Participants ranked the 30 most frequently reported non-serious AEs in antidepressant RCTs. Those considered most deleterious were insomnia, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, anxiety, fatigue, and agitation. This research work has produced new methods for the development of COS allowing for a better quantitative and qualitative involvement of all relevant stakeholders of RCTs, with patients in the foreground. In addition, we have conceptualized and proposed methods for the selection of harm outcomes, whereas until now, COS research initiatives have focused on efficacy outcomes. More specifically for depression, this work has identified important areas of efficacy and safety for patients and clinicians where no research had been dedicated to this topic. The further development of the COS for depression will help establish the proof of concept for the new methods we have proposed. While research on COS has focused on their development, it is becoming increasingly clear that the next challenge is to improve their uptake in RCTs, otherwise we risk contributing to research waste rather than reducing it

    Nouvelles méthodes pour le développement de Core Outcome Sets : l'exemple de la dépression

    No full text
    Many treatments for depression are available such as antidepressants, psychotherapy, or neurostimulation techniques. These different treatments are evaluated in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) measuring their effectiveness and safety with outcomes. However, the heterogeneity of outcomes across RCTs prevents the comparison of their results and their combination in meta-analyses. Moreover, they may be of little relevance to clinical practice. One answer to this problem is the use of a Core Outcome Set (COS), which is the minimum set of outcomes to be measured across trials of a given disease. In this work, we present new methods for developing COS by involving large samples of all relevant stakeholders, including patients, to improve their generalizability and credibility, and thus, potentially, their use in RCTs. Regarding efficacy outcomes, we propose to identify relevant domains using an international online survey involving patients, informal caregivers, and clinicians. The survey relies on a few open-ended questions about the expectations regarding the treatment. The proof of concept was performed by the PROCEED study which included 1912 patients, 464 relatives and 627 clinicians and identified 80 domains most of which, such as mental pain, are never measured in RCTs. PROCEED embodies the first step of the development of a COS for depression. Regarding harm outcomes, we defined what kind of adverse events (AEs) should be included in a COS: 1) unexpected serious AEs (as defined by the FDA) that occur in RCTs - which is a legal requirement, 2) expected serious AEs, 3) a list of AEs that are not serious but still troublesome to patients. We propose a method to identify the list of non-serious troublesome AEs by 1) identifying the non-serious AEs of a given condition through a systematic review of RCTs, 2) conducting a preference study with patients and clinicians to determine which non-serious but troublesome ARs are considered important. Using the example of RCTs of antidepressants, we have made the proof-of-concept of this method with an online survey involving 1631 patients and 282 clinicians. Participants ranked the 30 most frequently reported non-serious AEs in antidepressant RCTs. Those considered most deleterious were insomnia, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, anxiety, fatigue, and agitation. This research work has produced new methods for the development of COS allowing for a better quantitative and qualitative involvement of all relevant stakeholders of RCTs, with patients in the foreground. In addition, we have conceptualized and proposed methods for the selection of harm outcomes, whereas until now, COS research initiatives have focused on efficacy outcomes. More specifically for depression, this work has identified important areas of efficacy and safety for patients and clinicians where no research had been dedicated to this topic. The further development of the COS for depression will help establish the proof of concept for the new methods we have proposed. While research on COS has focused on their development, it is becoming increasingly clear that the next challenge is to improve their uptake in RCTs, otherwise we risk contributing to research waste rather than reducing it.De nombreuses interventions visant Ă  soigner la dĂ©pression sont disponibles Ă  ce jour, comme les antidĂ©presseurs, les psychothĂ©rapies, ou les techniques de neurostimulation. L’efficacitĂ© et la sĂ©curitĂ© de ces diffĂ©rentes interventions sont Ă©valuĂ©s dans des essais cliniques contrĂŽlĂ©s randomisĂ©s (ECR), par des critĂšres de jugement. Cependant, l’hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des critĂšres de jugement mesurĂ©s au sein des ECR de la dĂ©pression empĂȘche la comparaison et la combinaison de leurs rĂ©sultats dans les mĂ©ta-analyses. De plus, la pertinence de ces critĂšres de jugement pour la pratique clinique est souvent limitĂ©e. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă  ces problĂšmes, un moyen envisagĂ© est de dĂ©velopper un ensemble minimal de critĂšres de jugement Ă  rapporter dans tous les ECR de la dĂ©pression, c’est-Ă -dire un « Core Outcome Set » (COS). Dans ce travail, nous prĂ©sentons de nouvelles mĂ©thodes pour dĂ©velopper les COS, impliquant davantage les patients. AmĂ©liorer qualitativement et quantitativement la participation des patients et de tous les acteurs des ECR vise Ă  renforcer leur gĂ©nĂ©ralisabilitĂ© et leur crĂ©dibilitĂ©, et donc, potentiellement, leur utilisation dans les ECR. Concernant les critĂšres d’efficacitĂ© des interventions, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© une mĂ©thode pour identifier les domaines Ă  inclure dans le COS. Elle consiste Ă  rĂ©aliser une Ă©tude internationale auprĂšs de patients, de leurs proches, ainsi que de cliniciens en posant quelques questions ouvertes sur leurs attentes par rapport aux interventions thĂ©rapeutiques. La preuve de concept a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par l’étude PROCEED qui a inclus 1912 patients, 464 proches et 627 cliniciens et qui a identifiĂ© 80 domaines candidats, dont la plupart, comme la douleur mentale n’est jamais mesurĂ©e dans les ECR. Cette Ă©tude reprĂ©sente la premiĂšre Ă©tape du dĂ©veloppement d’un COS pour Ă©valuer l’efficacitĂ© des interventions thĂ©rapeutiques de la dĂ©pression. Concernant la sĂ©curitĂ© des interventions, nous avons dĂ©finis quels Ă©vĂšnements indĂ©sirables (EI) devrait inclure un COS de sĂ©curitĂ© : 1) les EI graves (au sens de la FDA) inattendus qui surviennent dans les ECR, 2) les EI graves attendus, 3) une liste d’EI non-graves mais considĂ©rĂ©s comme dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres pour les patients. Nous proposons une mĂ©thode permettant d’identifier la liste des EI non-graves mais considĂ©rĂ©s comme dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres pour les patients en 1) identifiant les EI non graves d’une pathologie donnĂ©e par une revue systĂ©matique des ECR, 2) rĂ©alisant une Ă©tude de prĂ©fĂ©rence auprĂšs des patients et des cliniciens pour dĂ©terminer les EI non-graves mais considĂ©rĂ©s comme dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres. En prenant l’exemple des ECR des antidĂ©presseurs, nous avons fait la preuve de concept de cette mĂ©thode au cours d’une Ă©tude impliquant 1631 patients et 282 cliniciens. Les participants ont classĂ© les 30 EI non-graves les plus frĂ©quemment rapportĂ©s dans les ECR Ă©valuant les antidĂ©presseurs. Ceux considĂ©rĂ©s comme les plus dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres Ă©tant l’insomnie, la dysfonction sexuelle, la prise de poids, l’anxiĂ©tĂ©, la fatigue et l’agitation. Ce travail de recherche a produit de nouvelles mĂ©thodes pour le dĂ©veloppement des COS permettant une meilleure inclusion quantitative et qualitative de tous les acteurs importants des ECR, avec au premier plan, les patients. Par ailleurs, nous avons conceptualisĂ© et proposĂ© des mĂ©thodes pour la sĂ©lection de critĂšres de jugement de sĂ©curitĂ©, alors que jusqu’ici, les efforts des initiatives de recherche sur les COS s’étaient concentrĂ©s sur les critĂšres d’efficacitĂ©. Concernant plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment le champ de l’évaluation des thĂ©rapeutiques de la dĂ©pression, ce travail a permis d’identifier des domaines d’efficacitĂ© et de sĂ©curitĂ© importants pour les patients et les cliniciens alors qu’aucune recherche n’avait Ă©tĂ© dĂ©diĂ©e Ă  ce sujet. Alors que la recherche sur les COS s’est focalisĂ©e sur leur dĂ©veloppement, il apparaĂźt de plus en plus Ă©vident que la prioritĂ© doit ĂȘtre d’augmenter leur utilisation dans les ECR, au risque sinon de contribuer au gĂąchis de la recherche plutĂŽt que de le rĂ©sorber

    Perspectives mĂ©thodologiques comparĂ©es sur l’entretien clinique et la relation ethnographique avec des personnes suivies en psychiatrie

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    Cet article propose le concept de « scĂšne sociale » issu de l’anthropologie sociale durkheimienne et de la sociologie interactionniste pour rendre possibles des rĂ©flexions mĂ©thodologiques entre psychiatre et ethnographe sur leur pratique professionnelle de l’entretien avec des personnes suivies en psychiatrie. S’intĂ©resser plus particuliĂšrement aux moments de troubles dans ces interactions permet d’identifier les modes de production et de saisie de la parole, et la construction des parties qu’elles entraĂźnent. L’enjeu pour le psychiatre est de distinguer, parmi les manifestations dĂ©viantes (Ă©motions, discours, comportements), celles qui relĂšvent d’une dĂ©viance sociale classique (conduisant potentiellement Ă  des rituels de rĂ©paration) et sont exclues de ce fait des prĂ©rogatives de la mĂ©decine, de celles qui relĂšvent d’une « dĂ©viance rĂ©siduelle », fonctionnant hors norme. Pour l’ethnographe, l’enjeu est de parvenir Ă  nouer une relation d’enquĂȘte potentiellement empĂȘchĂ©e par les troubles psychiques et de circuler dans les coulisses de la scĂšne sociale de l’entretien, lĂ  oĂč se trouvent les soignants et les proches. Pour le psychiatre et l’ethnographe, la multiplication des situations d’observation et d’entretien est un prĂ©requis pour la construction et la comprĂ©hension du cas clinique (dans un contexte thĂ©rapeutique) ou du cas ethnographique (dans un contexte de science fondamentale).This article presents crossed methodological reflections between ethnographers and psychiatrists about their practices of face to face interviews/encounters with persons followed in psychiatry. It suggests the concept of social framing to describe how different kinds of institutions frame interviews/encounters as social interactions. Focusing on moments of troubles during interviews, they identified how words are produced and interpreted by both participants, constructing the role of the two parties. The psychiatrist aims to distinguish among the different manifestations of deviance (emotions, discourses, behaviors), the ones that belong to classic social deviances leading to acts of reparation and therefore not practice of medicine, from a « residual deviance » functioning out of any normative systems. The ethnographer aims at building a fieldwork relationship potentially impaired by the mental disorder, and to circulate in the wings behind the social scene where mainly healthcare professionals and relatives interact. For the ethnographer as for the psychiatrist, the multiplication of observational situations and modalities of interviews (from informal discussion to formal face to face interviews) are a prerequisite for the building and the understanding of the clinical or the ethnographic case

    Perspectives mĂ©thodologiques comparĂ©es sur l’entretien clinique et la relation ethnographique avec des personnes suivies en psychiatrie

    No full text
    This article presents crossed methodological reflections between ethnographers and psychiatrists about their practices of face to face interviews/encounters with persons followed in psychiatry. It suggests the concept of social framing to describe how different kinds of institutions frame interviews/encounters as social interactions. Focusing on moments of troubles during interviews, they identified how words are produced and interpreted by both participants, constructing the role of the two parties. The psychiatrist aims to distinguish among the different manifestations of deviance (emotions, discourses, behaviors), the ones that belong to classic social deviances leading to acts of reparation and therefore not practice of medicine, from a « residual deviance » functioning out of any normative systems. The ethnographer aims at building a fieldwork relationship potentially impaired by the mental disorder, and to circulate in the wings behind the social scene where mainly healthcare professionals and relatives interact. For the ethnographer as for the psychiatrist, the multiplication of observational situations and modalities of interviews (from informal discussion to formal face to face interviews) are a prerequisite for the building and the understanding of the clinical or the ethnographic case

    Prevalence and factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation among French students in 2016: A national study

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    International audienceDepression is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide and increases the risk of suicide. Students are known as a population at risk for depression. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of 12 months major depressive episode (MDE) and suicidal thoughts in French students and investigate associated factors. A questionnaire was sent by email to a representative sample of the French student population between April 28th and June 27th 2016. MDE was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF). The response rate was 18.7% (N= 18,875). Prevalence of 12 months MDE was 15.8%, and suicidal thoughts was 9%. Factors associated with MDE were being a woman, study field (law/eco, human/social sciences, and medical), having failed midterms exams or dropout, refusal or stop social scholarship, and subjective financial difficulties. Factors associated with suicidal thoughts were study field (human/social sciences), having failed midterms exams or dropout, and important subjective financial difficulties. The use of CIDI-SF allows comparison with the 2017 French national study, and showed more MDE in students than in the general population. This is the only national study on French students before COVID 19 pandemic
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