Manual de géneros discursivos

1 archivo PDF (70 páginas) ; 3a ed. 2004En este espacio se determina las características fundamentales de los diversos textos, a fin de que puedan ser identificados y distinguidos, para después ser aplicados en la producción escrita del alumno. En este manual no se aborda todas las formas discursivas, sino las más usadas en la academia, desde el resumen, que es un género apegado estrechamente al texto original, hasta el ensayo en el que se pretende reflexionar libremente sobre un tema. No se trata, pues, de detenerse en teorías, que lejos de aclarar, complicarían el camino para llegar a la clasificación deseada. Lo que sí hacemos, además de describir esos géneros discursivos, es comentar ejemplos que ayudarán a la mejor comprensión de los tipos de discurso que se presentan aquí

Educational robotics from research as a pedagogical strategy supported by tic in school

La robótica educativa es un medio de aprendizaje basado en el diseño y construcción de objetos controlados a través de sistemas computacionales, convirtiéndose en un escenario donde los estudiantes estimulan la capacidad de creación. El propósito del estudio fue implementar la robótica educativa desde la investigación como estrategia pedagógica apoyada en TIC en la escuela. Este estuvo guiado bajo los lineamientos metodológicos de la IEP con un diseño basado en las trayectorias de indagación. La población estuvo conformada por cuarenta (40) estudiantes de la IED Gabriel García Márquez del Municipio de Aracataca, Como técnicas de recolección de datos se utilizaron el diario de campo y la observación. Se evidencio que los estudiantes apropian el conocimiento a partir de actividades prácticas donde la integración la investigación permite realizar el proceso de asociación entre la teoría y la aplicación de la misma en el contexto social donde se desenvuelve el estudiante.Educational robotics is a learning medium based on the design and construction of controlled objects through computer systems, becoming a scenario where students stimulate the ability to create. The purpose of the study was to implement educational robotics from research as a pedagogical strategy supported by ICT in the school. This was guided under the methodological guidelines of the IEP with a design based on the trajectories of inquiry. The population consisted of forty (40) IED students Gabriel Garcia Marquez from the Municipality of Aracataca, chosen through stratified random sampling taking as criteria of inclusion the grade level and the working day. Data logging and observation were used as data collection techniques. It was evidenced that the students appropriate the knowledge from practical activities where the integration of the research allows to realize the process of association between the theory and the application of the same in the social context where the student develops, generating in this way a significant learning

A Roadmap for HEP Software and Computing R&D for the 2020s

Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental programme for the coming decades. This programme requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment in the R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyse the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the HL-LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that the efforts complement each other. In this spirit, this white paper describes the R&D activities required to prepare for this software upgrade.Peer reviewe

Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. Results Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. Conclusions Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.Peer reviewe

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Palabras que se alternan : libro de texto para los programas de Redacción universitaria y Metodología de la lectura

1 archivo PDF (107 páginas)"Alguna vez Jorge Luis Borges dijo que las palabras eran como juguetes mágicos para él: podía cambiarlas de lugar a su antojo para ensayar toda clase de formas. ¿Un juego? Seguramente. Pero un juego serio, como todo lo que atañe a la experiencia vital. Esto es, entre otras cosas, lo que se propone con Palabras que se alternan: compartir con los estudiantes una visión gozosa del estudio de la lengua. Este libro no quiere ser un sustituto del maestro, ni mucho menos. Por el contrario, la selección de actividades y ejercicios pretende, ante todo, reforzar algunos aspectos en la enseñanza de la lengua escrita. Pensado como auxiliar didáctico para las materias de Redacción universitaria y Metodología de la lectura, busca rehacer el concepto de libro de texto. Es decir, no únicamente un manual de consulta más o menos ocasional-en el mejor de los casos- ; o -en el peor- un conjunto de reglas con ejercicios apresuradamente dispuestos. Intenta una relación más estrecha entre el material de estudio y el profesor y los estudiantes.

Burden of disease and associated complications of hepatitis a in children and adults in Mexico: A retrospective database study.

BackgroundHepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a leading cause of viral hepatitis in children, yet the HAV vaccine is not included in the national immunization program (NIP) in Mexico. This study addresses an identified evidence gap of the burden of hepatitis A disease, complications, and associated costs in Mexico by analyzing surveillance and healthcare data. Data review included disease morbidity (incidence and hospitalization), mortality, and healthcare resource utilization costs.MethodsIn this observational, retrospective database study, we conducted a systematic screening, extraction, and analysis of outcome data from the national surveillance system in Mexico from January 2000 to December 2019.ResultsDuring the analysis period (2000-2019), the average incidence rate/year of HAV cases was 14.7 (5.4-21.5) per 100,000 inhabitants. Children 1-9 years of age (YoA) had the highest average incidence rate/year with 47.8 (14.7-74.5). The average hospitalization rate/year due to HAV infection was 5.8% (2.9-9.6%). Although the highest burden of HAV continued to be in children (1-9 YoA), an increase in incidence and hospitalizations (with complications) in older age groups (≥ 10-64 YoA) was observed. The annual average fatality rate was estimated to be 0.44% (0.26-0.83%) of which 28.8% of deaths were concentrated in adults ≥ 65 YoA. The total direct costs of medical attention due to HAV and related complications were estimated at $382 million Mexican pesos.ConclusionThe overall results suggest an uptrend in HAV infections in adolescents/adults compared to children in Mexico. Therefore, as the overall incidence risk of HAV infection decreases, the mean age of infection increases. This consequently increases the risk of severity and complications in older age groups, thus increasing the demand for healthcare resources. Our findings provide evidence for including the inactivated HAV vaccine in the Mexican NIP

Perspectivas y desafíos para la competitividad: una mirada global desde los territorios

Este libro de investigación, titulado Perspectivas y desafíos para la competitividad: una mirada global desde los territorios, presenta capítulos de investigación agrupados en cuatro núcleos temáticos. El primero está relacionado con la prospectiva, vigilancia tecnológica, inteligencia de negocios y gestión de proyectos como factores de desarrollo perdurable de los territorios. El segundo aborda los retos del marketing y del capital humano en la sociedad digital. El tercero, el desarrollo humano integral sostenible como apuesta de paz en los territorios. Y, el cuarto, el emprendimiento para el desarrollo humano. Con estas propuestas teóricas se busca brindar algunas pautas para potenciar la incorporación de competencias de gestión y el impacto que el uso de técnicas de prospectiva, vigilancia tecnológica, inteligencia de negocios y gestión de proyectos tienen para el desarrollo armónico y sustentable de los territorios y las organizaciones.