Differential and Cultivar-Dependent Antioxidant Response of Whole and Fresh-Cut Carrots of Different Root Colors to Postharvest UV-C Radiation

Fresh-cut produce have become widely popular, increasing vegetable consumption in many parts of the word. However, they are more perishable than unprocessed fresh vegetables, requiring cold storage to preserve their quality and palatability. In addition to cold storage, UV radiation has been used experimentally to try to increase nutritional quality and postharvest shelf life, revealing increased antioxidant levels in some fruits and vegetables, including orange carrots. Carrot is one of the main whole and fresh-cut vegetables worldwide. In addition to orange carrots, other root color phenotypes (e.g., purple, yellow, red) are becoming increasingly popular in some markets. The effect of the UV radiation and cold storage has not been explored in these root phenotypes. This study investigated the effect of postharvest UV-C radiation in whole and fresh-cut (sliced and shredded) roots of two purple, one yellow, and one orange-rooted cultivar, with regard to changes in concentration of total phenolics (TP) and hydroxycinnamic acids (HA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), total and individual anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity (by DPPH and ABTS), and superficial color appearance, monitoring such changes during cold storage. Results revealed that the UV-C radiation, the fresh-cut processing, and the cold storage influenced the content of antioxidant compounds and activities to varying extents, depending on the carrot cultivar, the degree of processing, and the phytochemical compound analyzed. UV-C radiation increased antioxidant capacity up to 2.1, 3.8, 2.5-folds; TP up to 2.0, 2.2, and 2.1-folds; and CGA up to 3.2, 6.6, and 2.5-folds, relative to UV-C untreated controls, for orange, yellow, and purple carrots, respectively. Anthocyanin levels were not significantly modified by the UV-C in both purple carrots evaluated. A moderate increase in tissue browning was found in some fresh-cut processed UV-C treated samples of yellow and purple but not orange roots. These data suggest variable potential for increasing functional value by UV-C radiation in different carrot root colors.EEA La ConsultaFil: Valerga, Lucia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Valerga, Lucia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Roxana Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Roxana Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, María Belén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; ArgentinaFil: Concellón, Analía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Concellón, Analía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Concellón, Analía. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Concellón, Analía. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; ArgentinaFil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina.Fil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Validation of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in the FDA’s Mini-Sentinel Distributed Database

The Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Mini-Sentinel is a pilot program that aims to conduct active surveillance to detect and refine safety signals that emerge for marketed medical products. The purpose of this Mini-Sentinel AMI Validation project was to: (a) develop and design an abstraction and adjudication process to use when full text medical record review is required to confirm a coded diagnosis; and (b) to test this approach by validating a code algorithm for acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.Peer reviewe

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change

A homotopy reciprocity law for ribbon disc complements

In this paper, we present two new spines for ribbon disc complements. We describe Craggs's 3-dimensional spine and introduce a 2-dimensional spine {\cal W}\sp2 which we show satisfies the homotopy reciprocity law. We demonstrate that the reciprocity property remains invariant under insertions and conjecture that the property is invariant under deletions. If this is the case, then the ribbon disc complement spines described here satisfy the reciprocity law and, hence, are Kervaire.U of I OnlyETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissio

Proyecto de evaluación sobre la implementación de una videoteca con mini salas de reproducción

La idea básica de este proyecto es dar acceso a la masiva producción audiovisual que se realiza en este país, a los habitantes de, en una primera etapa, Guayaquil. Esto será de gran servicio a los estudiantes de escuelas, colegios y universidades al momento de aprender diferentes temas como: Historia, Ciencia y demás, ya que aprender, verdaderamente viéndolo es una gran herramienta de aprendizaje. La motivación de este proyecto es básicamente ayudar a la gente a tener acceso físico a la información y ayudar a difundir la producción nacional de películas. Documentales y demás. A través de la ayudar de instituciones y personas la “videoteca” se proveerá de material que estará a la disposición de visitantes de diferentes salones equipados con televisores de alta definición, y sonido sorround. El análisis incluye la viabilidad económica del proyecto, un estudio de mercado con costos, locaciones, creación y especificaciones de los elementos requeridos para optimizar la experiencia audiovisual de las salas de proyección

Analytical methods for bioactive sulfur compounds in Allium: An integrated review and future directions

Plant organosulfur compounds represent one of the main groups of phytochemicals that evidence an ample spectrum of biological activities. There are two major sources of sulfur-containing compounds in plant foods; Allium vegetables, such as garlic, onion, and leek; and cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower. Among them, garlic is the most studied species, mainly due to the multiple health-enhancing effects attributed to its consumption. Most of these properties have been attributed to organosulfur compounds. Thus, knowledge on the analytical determinations available for the main bioactive sulfur compounds in Allium is of interest. In the present review, an extensive bibliographic survey was performed to compile information regarding the different methodologies that can be used for the determination of alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides (ACSOs), S-allyl cysteine (SAC), thiosulfinates (mainly allicin), diallyl, mono- di-, and tri-sulfides, vinyldithiins and (E)- and (Z)-ajoene, as influenced by plant matrices and other factors. The gathered information was analyzed and presented in a systemic and comparative way, describing advantages and disadvantages of the methodologies, considering both extractive and separative techniques, the type of matrices, columns and analytical performance data. In addition, new trends and future prospects for the analysis of sulfur compounds in plants were critically discussed.EEA La ConsultaFil: Ramirez, Daniela Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Locatelli, Daniela Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Roxana Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Camargo, Alejandra Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

Variations in the Chemical Composition of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Leaves and Roots As Affected by Genotypic and Environmental Variation

The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of cassava cultivars, in terms of cyanogenic potential and composition of macro- and micronutrients, sampled from different locations in rural Mozambique. Total cyanide concentrations in fresh cassava tissues were measured using portable cyanide testing kits, and elemental nutrients were later analyzed from dried plant tissue. Variation in cyanogenic potential and nutrient composition occurred both among cultivars and across locations. The majority of cultivars contained >100 ppm total cyanide, fresh weight, and are therefore considered to be dangerously poisonous unless adequately processed before consumption. Leaf cyanogenic and nutrient content varied with plant water status, estimated using carbon isotope discrimination (δ¹³C). The colonization of roots of all cultivars by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was also quantified and found to be high, indicating that mycorrhizas could play a key role in plant nutrient acquisition in these low-input farming systems

Design for validation of acute myocardial infarction cases in Mini-Sentinel

PURPOSE: To describe the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) validation project, a test case for health outcome validation within the US Food and Drug Administration-funded Mini-Sentinel pilot program. METHODS: The project consisted of four parts: (i) case identification-developing an algorithm based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, to identify hospitalized AMI patients within the Mini-Sentinel Distributed Database; (ii) chart retrieval-establishing procedures that ensured patient privacy (collection and transfer of minimum necessary amount of information, and redaction of direct identifiers to validate potential cases of AMI); (iii) abstraction and adjudication-trained nurse abstractors gathered key data using a standardized form with cardiologist adjudication; and (iv) calculation of the positive predictive value of the constructed algorithm. RESULTS: Key decision points included (i) breadth of the AMI algorithm, (ii) centralized versus distributed abstraction, and (iii) approaches to maintaining patient privacy and to obtaining charts for public health purposes. We used an algorithm limited to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes 410.x0-410.x1. Centralized data abstraction was performed because of the modest number of charts requested ( CONCLUSIONS: We have established a process to validate AMI within Mini-Sentinel, which may be used for other health outcomes. Challenges include the following: (i) ensuring that only minimum necessary data are transmitted by Data Partners for centralized chart review, (ii) establishing procedures to maintain data privacy while still allowing for timely access to medical charts, and (iii) securing access to charts for public health uses that do not require approval from an institutional review board while maintaining patient privacy

Physicochemical properties, degradation kinetics, and antioxidant capacity of aqueous anthocyanin-based extracts from purple carrots compared to synthetic and natural food colorants

As a mans to evaluate the potential of carrot anthocyanins as food colorants and nutraceutical agents, we investigated the physicochemical stability and antioxidant capacity of purple carrot extracts under different pH (2.5-7.0) and temperature (4-40 °C) conditions, in comparison to a commercial synthetic (E131) and a natural grape-based (GRP) colorant. During incubation, the colorants were weekly-monitored for various color parameters, concentration of anthocyanins and phenolics, and antioxidant capacity. Carrot colorants were more stable than GRP; and their thermal stability was equal (at 4°C) or higher than that of E131 (at 25-40°C). Carrot anthocyanins had lower degradation rate at low pH and temperature, with acylated anthocyanins (AA) being significantly more stable than non-acylated anthocyanins (NAA). Anthocyanins acylated with feruloyl and coumaroyl glycosides were the most stable carrot pigments. The higher stability of carrot colorants is likely due to their richness in AA and –to a lesser extent- copigmentation with other phenolics.EEA La ConsultaFil: Pérez, María Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, María Belén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; ArgentinaFil: Da Peña Hamparsomian, María J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Da Peña Hamparsomian, María J. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de MendozaFil: Da Peña Hamparsomian, María J. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Roxana Elizabeth. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; ArgentinaFil: Denoya, Gabriela Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Denoya, Gabriela Inés. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Dominguez, Deolindo L.E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Dominguez, Deolindo L.E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de MendozaFil: Dominguez, Deolindo L.E. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Barboza Rojas, Karina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Iorizzo, Massimo. North Carolina State University. Department of Horticultural Science. Raleigh and Plants for Human Health Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Simon, Philipp W. University of Wisconsin-Madison. Department of Horticulture; Estados UnidosFil: Simon, Philipp W. USDA-Agricultural Research Service. Vegetable Crops Research Unit; Estados UnidosFil: Vaudagna, Sergio Ramon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vaudagna Sergio Ramon. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina.Fil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta; Argentina.Fil: Cavagnaro, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin