Propuesta de mejora en las medidas de seguridad y salud en el trabajo para la empresa Grasco en el segundo período 2021

Formulario de encuestas y Matriz de identificaciónEste proyecto surge por la necesidad de la empresa Grasco en el cumplimiento obligatorio de las normas vigentes según lo establecido en el Decreto 1072 de 2015 en el cual se estructura el sistema de gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SG-SST), a partir del 31 de enero de 2017, se debe implementar el Sistema de Gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SST) conjuntamente entre la empresa Grasco y sus trabajadores, esto para ir mejorando continuamente en los ambientes laborales controlando los riesgos químicos, biológicos y ambientales que afecten la salud de los trabajadores. Como resultado se pretende obtener una propuesta para la empresa Grasco en donde se generen algunas mejoras que se pueden establecer para completar el sistema de gestión que tienen hasta el momento. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de que cada uno de sus colaboradores se mantenga informado de los programas a seguir y las buenas prácticas a desarrollar para el cuidado de su salud, el reporte de incidentes, la prevención de accidentes y enfermedades laborales que afecten el desempeño de sus funciones. Los directivos deben suministrar los recursos necesarios para el mejoramiento continuo y la participación activa en la identificación y control de riesgos trabajando con todo el equipo de para lograr el bienestar individual y colectivo de la población trabajadora, realizando actividades de promoción y suspicacia en la conservación y mejora de las condiciones de salud en el puesto de trabajo.This project arises from the need of the company Grasco in the mandatory compliance with the regulations in force as established in Decree 1072 of 2015 in which the management system of safety and health at work (SG-SST) is structured, as from 31 January 2017 and the Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSH) should be implemented jointly by the company Grasco and its workers, this to continuously improve in the working environments and the control of chemical, biological and environmental risks affecting the health of workers. As a result, it is intended to obtain a proposal for the company Grasco where some improvements can be established to complete the management system they have so far. Bearing in mind the importance of each of their collaborators being informed of the programs to be followed and the good practices to be developed for the care of their health, the report of incidents, the prevention of occupational accidents and illnesses affecting the performance of their duties. Managers must provide the necessary resources for continuous improvement and active participation in risk identification and control by working with the entire team to achieve the individual and collective well-being of the working population, promoting and preventing the preservation and improvement of health conditions at work

Targeting of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to inhibit T cell activation and prevent graft-versus-host disease development

Producción CientíficaBackground: Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) remains the major obstacle to successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, despite of the immunosuppressive regimens administered to control T cell alloreactivity. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is crucial in T cell activation and function and, therefore, represents an attractive therapeutic target to prevent GvHD development. Recently, numerous PI3K inhibitors have been developed for cancer therapy. However, few studies have explored their immunosuppressive effect. Methods: The effects of a selective PI3K inhibitor (BKM120) and a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (BEZ235) on human T cell proliferation, expression of activation-related molecules, and phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins were analyzed. Besides, the ability of BEZ235 to prevent GvHD development in mice was evaluated. Results: Simultaneous inhibition of PI3K and mTOR was efficient at lower concentrations than PI3K specific targeting. Importantly, BEZ235 prevented naïve T cell activation and induced tolerance of alloreactive T cells, while maintaining an adequate response against cytomegalovirus, more efficiently than BKM120. Finally, BEZ235 treatment significantly improved the survival and decreased the GvHD development in mice. Conclusions: These results support the use of PI3K inhibitors to control T cell responses and show the potential utility of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 in GvHD prophylaxis.Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (Proyecto AIOA110296BLAN).Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y León (Proyecto GRS 726/A13

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

The decline of an endangered temperate ecosystem: The ruil (Nothofagus alessandrii) forest in central Chile

We describe the current state of the ruil (Nothofagus alessandrii) forest, a rare and endemic temperate forest in central Chile. Because of a long history of land-use, the ruil forest has suffered intense deforestation and fragmentation. By 1991, there remained 352.2 ha of forest in 183 fragments, most of them small and regular and a few large and irregular. From 1981 to 1991 the forest disappeared at a rate of 8.15% per year; to our knowledge, the highest value reported in forest fragmentation. Fragments are surrounded by a matrix of Pinus radiata plantations. Only 42 ha of forest (12% of the total area) are protected in a public reserve. An analysis of the composition of the forest shows that 13.8% of the total species are introduced. Pinus radiata is the only tree that has invaded this forest successfully. The 45.4% of native tree species are shade-tolerant and dependent on biotic pollinators and dispersers. These species should be the targets for future conservation efforts as the

Altitudinal variation in seed dispersal syndromes of the alpine vegetation of the rio Molina basin, central Chile (33degreeS)

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Perspectivas em educação matemática

A pesquisa em educação Matemática nos últimos anos tem apresentado resultados significativos em metodologia do ensino cujas aplicações em sala de aula tem estimulado os professores de Matemática a refletirem sobre suas rotinas de aula. Nosso objetivo nesse artigo é discutir as perspectivas atuais em Educação Matemática que se contrapõem ao ensino tradicional dessa disciplina

Perspectivas em Educação Matemática / Perspectives in Mathematics Education

A pesquisa em Educação Matemática nos últimos anos tem apresentado resultados significativosem metodologia do ensino cujas aplicações em sala de aula tem estimulado os professores deMatemática a refletirem sobre suas rotinas de aula. Nosso objetivo nesse artigo é discutir as perspectivasatuais em Educação Matemática que se contrapõem ao ensino tradicional dessa disciplina.During the last years, research in Math Education has shown significant results in teachingmethodology, the applications of which have stimulated teachers to reflect on their classroom routines.In this paper, our goal is to discuss the present perspectives on Math Education as opposed to thetraditional teaching of this subject