Enhancing trans-resveratrol topical delivery and photostability through entrapment in chitosan/gum Arabic Pickering emulsions

The surfactant-free nature and higher stability of Pickering emulsions make them preferable solutions over conventional emulsions for skin applications. In this work, Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan/gum Arabic (CH/GA) nanoparticles were tested as vehicles for trans-resveratrol topical delivery. Skin absorption was examined ex vivo using Franz diffusion cells and porcine skin. Pickering emulsions allowed higher cutaneous retention and lower permeation of resveratrol, in comparison with a control solution based on a 20% v/v ethanol. The total amount of resveratrol retained in the skin, 24 h after the application, was 11.60% and 10.82% of the applied dose for the tested Pickering emulsion-based formulations prepared with 0.5% and 1.5%w/v CH/GA nanoparticles, respectively. In contrast, resveratrol skin retention from the control solution was only 2.86%. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed enhanced skin deposition of Nile Red to deeper layers from the Pickering emulsionbased formulations. Moreover, Pickering emulsions led to trans-resveratrol photostability increase, as measured after exposure to UV for 4 h. These results show that the CH/GA Pickering emulsions are promising solutions for the topical delivery of trans-resveratrol and have the potential to be used as green cosmetic products.This work was supported by Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM - UID/ EQU/50020/2019 - funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), and Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal); and CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019) through FEDER under Program PT2020. The authors acknowledge the technical support provided by the Instituto de Investigação e Inovação (i3s) and CEMUP, University of Porto. The authors are thankful to Dr. Patricia Costa for providing the skin samples, and Tasneem Sharkawi for language editing. Asma Sharkawy acknowledges the financial support from the FCT doctoral grant (PD/BD/135085/2017).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hardwood and softwood lignins from sulfite liquors: structural characterization and valorization through depolymerization

This work aims to evaluate the structural characteristics and study the oxidative depolymerization of lignins obtained from hardwood and softwood sulfite liquors. Lignins were obtained after ultrafiltration and freeze- drying of the sulfite liquors and characterized based on inorganic content, nitrobenzene oxidation, 13C NMR, and molecular weight determination. The structural characteristics achieved allow evaluating the potential of each lignin through oxidative depolymerization to produce added-value phenolic monomers. Hardwood and softwood lignins were submitted to alkaline oxidation with oxygen and the reaction conditions optimized to obtain a final oxidation mixture with the maximum yield of phenolic monomers. Through oxidation with O2, hardwood lignin generates mostly syringaldehyde while lignin from softwood biomass mainly produces vanillin; moreover, a lower reaction time and the interruption of O2 admission avoid the degradation of the oxidation products in the final mixture for both lignins, more evidenced to hardwood lignin due to its higher reactivity. From the results, it is possible to conclude that a phenolic aldehyde-rich oxidation mixture could be obtained, confirming the viability of lignin as raw material to produce added-value products as vanillin and syringaldehyde.This work was financially supported by LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE), UIDB/50020/2020 and UIDP/50020/2020 (LSRE-LCM), funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); Base Funding - UIDB/00690/2020 of CIMO - Centro de Investigação de Montanha - funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC); COST Action LignoCOST (CA17128). Carlos Vega-Aguilar thanks the Costa Rican Science, Technology and Telecommunications Ministry for the PhD. Scholarship MICITT-PINN-CON-2-1-4-17-1-002. Authors are grateful to Company A and Caima - Indústria de Celulose, S.A. (Portugal) for the supply of the samples of sulfite liquorinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Kinetics of oxidative degradation of lignin-based phenolic compounds in batch reactor

Vanillin, vanillic acid, acetovanillone, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, and acetosyringone are products obtained from lignin oxidation in an alkaline medium. The evaluation of their individual degradation under oxidation conditions mimicking lignin oxidation is an important tool to better understand this reaction and maximize the yield of target value-added products. In this context, the main objective of the present work was to study the kinetics of degradation of the selected ligninbased phenolic compounds. The effect of temperature, initial concentration, and oxygen partial pressure was evaluated, and a simple mathematical model was developed to describe the data from the degradation of the phenolics during oxidation reactions. The results indicate that, for all the evaluated compounds, the reaction order is first order with respect to both the initial phenolic compound concentration and oxygen concentration. A high degradation rate was found for the reactions performed at 413 K, and an activation energy in the range of 53−86 kJ/mol was found for all the studied phenolic compounds. Moreover, syringic acid is the phenolic compound more prone to degradation, while vanillin is the less one.This work is a result of Project “AIProcMat@N2020 - Advanced Industrial Processes and Materials for a Sustainable Northern Region of Portugal 2020”, with the reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000006, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM-UID/EQU/50020/2019 - funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) and Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal). CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2019) through FEDER under Program PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Actuação dos técnicos de anatomia patológica no exame macroscópico: caracterização em 2006

Dadas as diferentes realidades e necessidades vividas em cada laboratório de Anatomia Patológica (AP), o Técnico de Anatomia Patológica (TAP) é responsável por diversas actividades, consoante as necessidades de cada serviço. É, assim, objectivo deste estudo determinar qual o tipo de actuação dos TAP a nível do exame macroscópico. Para tal foram realizadas 13 entrevistas a TAP em 13 hospitais de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, sendo estes inquiridos relativamente à sua actuação no exame macroscópico de biópsias, peles ou outras peças, na preparação das peças antes do exame e relativamente ao seu nível de actuação aquando do exame macroscópico efectuado pelo Médico Anatomo-Patologista (MAP). Verificou-se que em todos os hospitais estudados o TAP faz o exame macroscópico das biópsias e auxilia o MAP quando este faz o exame macroscópico das peças. Constatou-se ainda que as restantes actividades desempenhadas pelos TAP não estão estritamente definidas e são reflexo do quotidiano de cada laboratório de AP. Concluiu-se existir variabilidade inter-hospitalar respeitante à actuação dos TAP a nível do exame macroscópico, sendo ressaltada a importância da implementação de medidas que permitam a uniformização das práticas laboratoriais a este nível

Lignin Valorization for Added-Value Chemicals: Kraft Lignin versus Lignin Fractions

Lignin is a raw material that can potentially be converted into valuable compounds through depolymerization reactions in addition to its use as a polymer or material. However, the chemical recalcitrance and the heterogeneous composition and structure of lignin make it challenging to establish processes that add value to this complex aromatic biopolymer. In this work, solvent fractionation was applied to obtain lignin fractions with a narrowed molecular weight and specific structural characteristics, improving its homogeneity and purity. A kraft lignin was submitted to fractionation using different ratios of acetone, ranging from 60 to 15% v/v, in aqueous mixtures. The composition, structure, and molecular weight of each fraction were studied and their potential applications were evaluated. The most water-soluble fraction has more phenolic OH, less aliphatic OH groups, and shows the lowest content of aryl-ether linkages, which is in accordance with its highest degree of condensation. On the other hand, the insoluble fraction from the mixture with 60% of acetone has the lowest molecular weight and the highest content of inorganic material. Radar plots were applied for lignin fractions evaluation and the fraction with the highest potential (IF 30:70) was submitted to alkaline oxidation with O2. The results were compared with the products yielded from kraft lignin. An increase of about 13 and 19% was found for vanillin and syringaldehyde, respectively, when the fraction IF 30:70 was submitted to oxidation. In conclusion, the proposed fractionation process showed to be an effective method to obtain lignin fractions with specific composition and structural characteristics that could improve its potential as a source of high added-value monomeric phenolic compounds

A percepção dos técnicos de anatomia patológica e médicos anatomo-patologistas quando à delegação do exame macroscópico aos técnicos de anatomia patológica

Dado o reduzido número de Médicos Anatomo-Patologistas (MAP) e o crescente interesse demonstrado pelos Técnicos de Anatomia Patológica (TAP) numa delegação de tarefas a nível do exame macroscópico, considerou-se pertinente realizar um estudo que abordasse a possibilidade de expandir as actividades profissionais dos TAP à realização do mesmo. Este estudo pretendeu averiguar qual a percepção dos dois grupos profissionais, no exercício, na região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, sobre o tema em causa. Este estudo exploratório sustentado no modelo de formação dos Pathologist's Assistants em vigor nos EUA, teve como variáveis as competências dos TAP na realização do exame macroscópico e a percepção dos TAP e dos MAP no respeitante a esta questão. O principal instrumento de recolha de dados foi um questionário, sujeito a análise estatística, aplicado em 13 hospitais da região acima referida (n=108 indivíduos). Cerca de 95% dos TAP e 75% dos MAP concordam com a existência de TAP com formação específica para a realização do exame macroscópico. A percepção de ambos os grupos profissionais relativamente à aquisição desta nova competência pelos TAP é bastante favorável. Contudo, a maioria (65,85% dos TAP e 94,44% dos MAP) defende que deveria haver restrição do tipo de amostras no exame macroscópico a realizar pelos TAP, devendo estas ser definidas pela necessidade de cada serviço. Conclui-se existir um evidente interesse de ambos os grupos profissionais na reestruturação da formação dos TAP que poderá viabilizar a realização do exame macroscópico por parte destes profissionais de saúde

Comparing Polyurethane and Acellular Dermal Matrix Implant Cover in Prepectoral Breast Reconstruction: Short-term Complications

Background:. Implant covering with an interface material is the standard in prepectoral breast reconstruction. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is frequently used, but it is expensive and associated with complications. Alternatively, we have been using integrated devices consisting of a silicone implant coated with polyurethane (PU) foam. We aimed to compare both techniques in terms of acute complications. Methods:. The authors retrospectively reviewed patients undergoing prepectoral direct-to-implant reconstruction from June 2018 to January 2022. Two cohorts were defined based on the interface material used: ADM versus PU. Total drainage volume, time to drain removal, and acute complications (hematoma, seroma, infection, and explantation) were analyzed. Results:. Forty-four breast reconstructions were performed in 35 patients (10 bilateral); implants were covered with ADM in 23 cases and with PU foam in 21. Median total drainage volume (500 versus 515 cc for ADM and PU, respectively) and time to drain removal (9 versus 8 days) were not affected by the interface material used, but seromas and infections occurred exclusively in the ADM cohort (seromas in four of 23 of cases, P = 0.109; infections in three of 23 cases, P = 0.234). Overall complications occurred more often in cases reconstructed with ADM, but the difference was nonsignificant (P = 0.245). Conclusions:. The use of interface materials is generally considered a prerequisite for state-of-the-art prepectoral breast reconstruction for a variety of reasons, including the prevention of capsular contracture. In this study, PU coating tended to be associated with fewer short-term complications than ADM, including seroma and infection

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved