Desarrollo del adolescente. Aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales

RESUMEN La adolescencia es un período de la vida con intensos cambios físicos, psíquicos y sociales, que convierten al niño en adulto y le capacitan para la función reproductora. Los cambios físicos tienen una amplia variación de la normalidad. Es pues necesario comprender y conocer estos cambios para poder diferenciar las variaciones normales de las anomalías en el crecimiento y desarrollo puberales. Durante millones de años de evolución de la especie humana, se han ido seleccionando un tipo de comportamientos. Sin embargo, las condiciones culturales y sociales han ido cambiando rápidamente en los últimos miles y más aún en los últimos cientos de años, lo que dificulta la expresión de estos rasgos seleccionados, causando por lo tanto un alto grado de estrés durante la adolescencia, que se traduce en mucha de la patología típica de este período de la vida. PALABRAS CLAVE: adolescencia, maduración.ABSTRACT Adolescence is a period of life with intense physical, psychic and social changes, that convert the child into adult and makes him/her capable for reproductive function. The physical changes have a wide variation of normal limits. Thus, it is necessary to understand and know these changes to be able to differentiate normal variations from the abnormal ones in growth pubertal and development. During millions of years of evolution of the human species, a type of behaviors has been selected. However, the cultural and social conditions have been rapidly changing in the last thousands and even more in the last hundreds of years, which makes it difficult to express these selected traits, thus causing a high degree of stress during adolescence that is translated into many of the typical diseases during this period of life. KEYWORDS: adolescence, maduration

Delay in diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection in critically ill patients and impact on clinical outcome

Background: Patients infected with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus requiring admission to the ICU remain an important source of mortality during the influenza season. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of a delay in diagnosis of community-acquired influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection on clinical outcome in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. Methods: A prospective multicenter observational cohort study was based on data from the GETGAG/SEMICYUC registry (2009–2015) collected by 148 Spanish ICUs. All patients admitted to the ICU in which diagnosis of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection had been established within the first week of hospitalization were included. Patients were classified into two groups according to the time at which the diagnosis was made: early (within the first 2 days of hospital admission) and late (between the 3rd and 7th day of hospital admission). Factors associated with a delay in diagnosis were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results: In 2059 ICU patients diagnosed with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection within the first 7 days of hospitalization, the diagnosis was established early in 1314 (63.8 %) patients and late in the remaining 745 (36.2 %). Independent variables related to a late diagnosis were: age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.03, P < 0.001); first seasonal period (2009–2012) (OR = 2.08, 95 % CI 1.64–2.63, P < 0.001); days of hospital stay before ICU admission (OR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.17–1.35, P < 0.001); mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.58, 95 % CI 1.17–2.13, P = 0.002); and continuous venovenous hemofiltration (OR = 1.54, 95 % CI 1.08–2.18, P = 0.016). The intra-ICU mortality was significantly higher among patients with late diagnosis as compared with early diagnosis (26.9 % vs 17.1 %, P < 0.001). Diagnostic delay was one independent risk factor for mortality (OR = 1.36, 95 % CI 1.03–1.81, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Late diagnosis of community-acquired influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus infection is associated with a delay in ICU admission, greater possibilities of respiratory and renal failure, and higher mortality rate. Delay in diagnosis of flu is an independent variable related to death

A search for pair production of new light bosons decaying into muons

A search for the pair production of new light bosons, each decaying into a pair of muons, is performed with the CMS experiment at the LHC, using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.7 fb-1 collected in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV. No excess is observed in the data relative to standard model background expectation and a model independent upper limit on the product of the cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance is derived. The results are compared with two benchmark models, the first one in the context of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model, and the second one in scenarios containing a hidden sector, including those predicting a nonnegligible light boson lifetime. © 2015 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Collaboration