The demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 limits inflammatory colitis by promoting de novo synthesis of retinoic acid in dendritic cells

Indexación ScopusDendritic cells (DCs) promote T-cell mediated tolerance to self-antigens and induce inflammation to innocuous-antigens. This dual potential makes DCs fundamental players in inflammatory disorders. Evidence from inflammatory colitis mouse models and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) patients indicated that gut inflammation in IBD is driven mainly by T-helper-1 (Th1) and Th17 cells, suggesting an essential role for DCs in the development of IBD. Here we show that GSK-J4, a selective inhibitor of the histone demethylase JMJD3/UTX, attenuated inflammatory colitis by reducing the inflammatory potential and increasing the tolerogenic features of DCs. Mechanistic analyses revealed that GSK-J4 increased activating epigenetic signals while reducing repressive marks in the promoter of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase isoforms 1 and 3 in DCs, enhancing the production of retinoic acid. This, in turn, has an impact on regulatory T cells (Treg) increasing their lineage stability and gut tropism as well as potentiating their suppressive activity. Our results open new avenues for the treatment of IBD patients. © 2021, The Author(s).https://www-nature-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/articles/s41598-020-79122-

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes

Declaración de Cancún: declaración internacional de Cancún sobre el derecho a la nutrición en los hospitales

La declaración de Cancún por el derecho humano de los enfermos a recibir una terapia nutricional oportuna y óptima en cualquier lugar donde se encuentren ha sido emitida por los Presidentes de las Sociedades y Asociaciones de Nutrición Clínica y Terapia Nutricional de América Latina y el Caribe, en el marco del XI Congreso de FELANPE/XV Congreso de AMAEE, en la Ciudad de Cancún Quintana Roo, México, el día 20 de mayo de 2008

Uso del láser en urgencias por periodontitis apical post tratamiento endodóntico

Introduction: Laser therapy and stimulation of the acupuncture points are anti-inflammatory and analgesic alternative treatments in dentistry.Objective: to describe the use of low power laser therapy in the emergency treatment of apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment during 2018.Methods: observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and prospective study of patients who attended emergency department at Guama Dentistry Clinic during 2018, Pinar del Río, presenting apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment; 86 patients participated in the study. Descriptive statistics was applied, respecting the bioethical principles.Results: female gender predominated (53,49 %), apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment was more prevalent in the age group 20-24 (30,23 %); 65,5 % of the patients presented remission and relief after the third treatment session. Only 2,33 % needed more than six treatment sessions.Conclusions: apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment is more common in women during the first half of the second decade of life. The treatment showed effectiveness from the first treatment sessions.Introducción: la terapia y estimulación con láser en puntos acupunturales constituyen alternativas de tratamiento antiinflamatorio y analgésico en estomatología.Objetivo: describir el uso de la terapia láser de baja potencia en el tratamiento de urgencias por periodontitis apical post tratamiento endodóntico durante el 2018.Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de urgencias de la Clínica Estomatológica “Guamá’’, municipio Pinar del Río, en el período durante el año 2018, por presentar periodontitis apical post tratamiento endodóntico. El universo estuvo constituido por 86 pacientes trabajándose con la totalidad. Se empleó estadística descriptiva y se siguieron los principios bioéticos.Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino (53,49 %), donde la periodontitis apical post tratamiento endodóntico se presentó en mayor cuantía en el grupo etario de 20 a 24 años de edad (30,23 %). El 65,5 % de los pacientes presentaron remisión y alivio tras la tercera sesión de tratamiento. Solo el 2,33 % necesitó más de seis sesiones de tratamiento.Conclusiones: la periodontitis apical post tratamiento endodóntico se presentan en mayor cuantía en las féminas, durante la primera mitad de la segunda década de vida. El tratamiento con terapia laser de baja frecuencia mostró efectividad desde las primeras sesiones de tratamiento

State of the climate in 2013

In 2013, the vast majority of the monitored climate variables reported here maintained trends established in recent decades. ENSO was in a neutral state during the entire year, remaining mostly on the cool side of neutral with modest impacts on regional weather patterns around the world. This follows several years dominated by the effects of either La Niña or El Niño events. According to several independent analyses, 2013 was again among the 10 warmest years on record at the global scale, both at the Earths surface and through the troposphere. Some regions in the Southern Hemisphere had record or near-record high temperatures for the year. Australia observed its hottest year on record, while Argentina and New Zealand reported their second and third hottest years, respectively. In Antarctica, Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station reported its highest annual temperature since records began in 1957. At the opposite pole, the Arctic observed its seventh warmest year since records began in the early 20th century. At 20-m depth, record high temperatures were measured at some permafrost stations on the North Slope of Alaska and in the Brooks Range. In the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, anomalous meridional atmospheric circulation occurred throughout much of the year, leading to marked regional extremes of both temperature and precipitation. Cold temperature anomalies during winter across Eurasia were followed by warm spring temperature anomalies, which were linked to a new record low Eurasian snow cover extent in May. Minimum sea ice extent in the Arctic was the sixth lowest since satellite observations began in 1979. Including 2013, all seven lowest extents on record have occurred in the past seven years. Antarctica, on the other hand, had above-average sea ice extent throughout 2013, with 116 days of new daily high extent records, including a new daily maximum sea ice area of 19.57 million km2 reached on 1 October. ENSO-neutral conditions in the eastern central Pacific Ocean and a negative Pacific decadal oscillation pattern in the North Pacific had the largest impacts on the global sea surface temperature in 2013. The North Pacific reached a historic high temperature in 2013 and on balance the globally-averaged sea surface temperature was among the 10 highest on record. Overall, the salt content in nearsurface ocean waters increased while in intermediate waters it decreased. Global mean sea level continued to rise during 2013, on pace with a trend of 3.2 mm yr-1 over the past two decades. A portion of this trend (0.5 mm yr-1) has been attributed to natural variability associated with the Pacific decadal oscillation as well as to ongoing contributions from the melting of glaciers and ice sheets and ocean warming. Global tropical cyclone frequency during 2013 was slightly above average with a total of 94 storms, although the North Atlantic Basin had its quietest hurricane season since 1994. In the Western North Pacific Basin, Super Typhoon Haiyan, the deadliest tropical cyclone of 2013, had 1-minute sustained winds estimated to be 170 kt (87.5 m s-1) on 7 November, the highest wind speed ever assigned to a tropical cyclone. High storm surge was also associated with Haiyan as it made landfall over the central Philippines, an area where sea level is currently at historic highs, increasing by 200 mm since 1970. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide all continued to increase in 2013. As in previous years, each of these major greenhouse gases once again reached historic high concentrations. In the Arctic, carbon dioxide and methane increased at the same rate as the global increase. These increases are likely due to export from lower latitudes rather than a consequence of increases in Arctic sources, such as thawing permafrost. At Mauna Loa, Hawaii, for the first time since measurements began in 1958, the daily average mixing ratio of carbon dioxide exceeded 400 ppm on 9 May. The state of these variables, along with dozens of others, and the 2013 climate conditions of regions around the world are discussed in further detail in this 24th edition of the State of the Climate series. © 2014, American Meteorological Society. All rights reserved

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

The Use of Hunting and Herding Spaces: Stable Isotope Analysis of Late Archaic and Early Formative Camelids in the Tulan Transect (Puna de Atacama, Chile)

We present the results of analysing stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in camelid remains found at the LateArchaic site TU-52 (ca. 5000–3800BP), the Tarajne Phase site TU-94 and the Early Formative sites TU-54,TU-85 and TU-122 (ca. 3100–2400BP). All of the sites are located in the Puna de Atacama (Northern Chile)along the 14 km Tulan transect, between the head of Tulan ravine (ca. 3000 m.a.s.l.) and the border of theSalar de Atacama (2317 m.a.s.l.). Our aim is to understand how the space was used by hunter-gatherersand early herders from the beginning of camelid domestication to the consolidation of herding practices.Isotopic analyses were complemented with osteometric data in order to correlate changes in animal sizeand isotopic values with the initiation of animal husbandry. Isotopic and osteometric results show lessvariability ofδ13C andδ15N values during the Late Archaic and Tarajne Phase, whereas variability is higherduring the Early Formative. We postulate that during the latter period, there was more widespread use ofhunting and herding spaces along the Tulan ravine, including areas above 3000 m.a.s.l. as result of moreconsolidated herding practices, while the highlands were used as a complementary space to hold livestocknear ritual sites and residential settlements