Zoning of the susceptibility to landslides in the Cordillera de Guaniguanico, Cuba. A contribution to the ordering of the terr

Artículo científico, en formato PDF, de 28 páginasEl trabajo se dirige a identificar las áreas más susceptibles a la ocurrencia de deslizamientos en la Cordillera de Guaniguanico. La cartografía obtenida robustece los futuros planes de ordenamiento territorial para el sitio de estudio. Para lograr el objetivo se realizó un inventario de deslizamientos a partir de la fotointerpretación y los trabajos de campo. El inventario permitió establecer la correlación entre los deslizamientos y los distintos factores causales, lo cual facilitó ponderar las diferentes variables que controlan estos movimientos en el área.Universidad de Pinar del Río Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Inventario de fenómenos gravitacionales en el Occidente de Cuba

The present paper has as objective to elaborate an inventory of gravitational phenomenon’s in the most western area in Cuba that offers a more integral vision of the susceptibility from the territory to the occurrence of this phenomenon. For it, they were carried out two inventories of gravitational phenomenon’s, one associated to the road through a field work and the other based in the photograph interpretation of satelital images obtained by the googgle earth.  As a result, an inventory was obtained where they register the slides of the area and its more particular characteristics are described, elements that were not shown in an integral way until the moment, what facilitates, to interpret the results better and to determine the variables that exercise bigger influence in the occurrence of these phenomenon’s, is also shown, the most susceptible sectors to the occurrence of these. For better to graph the results three maps are elaborated, two that show the density of phenomenon’s for Popular Council and the third associate the populational density with the areas where they register the slides.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo elaborar un inventario de deslizamientos en la zona más occidental de Cuba, que brinde una visión más integral de la susceptibilidad del territorio a la ocurrencia de dichos fenómenos gravitacionales. Para ello, se realizaron dos inventarios de fenómenos gravitacionales, uno asociado a las redes viales a través de trabajos de campo y el otro a partir de la fotointerpretación de imágenes satelitales obtenidas del Googgle Earth. Como resultado, se obtuvo un inventario donde se registran los deslizamientos de la zona y se describen sus características más particulares, elementos que hasta el momento no se mostraban de manera integral, lo que posibilita, interpretar mejor los resultados y determinar las variables que ejercen mayor influencia en la ocurrencia de estos fenómenos, se muestra además, los sectores más susceptibles a la ocurrencia de estos. Para graficar mejor los resultados se elaboran tres mapas, dos que muestran la densidad de fenómenos por Consejos Populares y el tercero asocia la densidad poblacional con las zonas donde se registran los deslizamientos. Como conclusión fundamental y a partir de los resultados de la investigación se pudo constatar que los inventarios de deslizamientos representan una herramienta útil como punto de partida para el estudio de riesgo y susceptibilidad de un territorio

Inventory of gravitational phenomena in the West of Cuba

The present paper has as objective to elaborate an inventory of gravitational phenomenon’s in the most western area in Cuba that offers a more integral vision of the susceptibility from the territory to the occurrence of this phenomenon. For it, they were carried out two inventories of gravitational phenomenon’s, one associated to the road through a field work and the other based in the photograph interpretation of satelital images obtained by the google earth. As a result, an inventory was obtained where they register the slides of the area and its more particular characteristics are described, elements that were not shown in an integral way until the moment, what facilitates, to interpret the results better and to determine the variables that exercise bigger influence in the occurrence of these phenomenon’s, is also shown, the most susceptible sectors to the occurrence of these. For better to graph the results three maps are elaborated, two that show the density of phenomenon’s for Popular Council and the third associate the populational density with the areas where they register the slides

Evolución de la línea de costa en Cayo Jutías, Pinar del Río entre 2005-2021

The research focuses on the analysis of the displacement of the coastline north of Cayo Jutías during 16 years through the photointerpretation of satellite images from 2005-2016 obtained from Google Earth Professional. The field work was combined from the cartographic survey of the most current coastline 2021 and the sampling of sand of the beach berm. The objective of the work was to evaluate the displacements of the coastline in the years of study. The statistics processed through the Net Displacement of the Coastline, Rate of Change between Extreme Profiles, gave information about the magnitude and trend of changes in the coastline. The results showed that the maximum retreat of the coastline is in section II with - 86.42 m with an erosion rate of - 6.21 m / year where erosive processes predominate. The maximum cumulative displacement is found in section I, causing in the extreme southwest a widening of the entire profile of 152.48 m with an accretion rate of 10.9 m / year. The results obtained can be used to recognize priority areas in coastal management in Cayo Jutías.La investigación se enfoca en el análisis del desplazamiento de la línea costera al norte de Cayo Jutías durante 16 años por medio de la fotointerpretación de imágenes satelitales del 2005-2016 obtenidas a partir de Google Earth Profesional. Se combinó el trabajo de campo a partir del levantamiento cartográfico de la línea de costa más actual (2021) y la toma de muestras de arena sobre la berma de la playa. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar los desplazamientos de la línea de costa en los años de estudio. Se realizó un procesamiento estadístico para encontrar estimaciones de las distancias y tasas de cambio de las líneas costeras. Las estadísticas procesadas por medio de Desplazamiento Neto de la Línea de Costa, Tasa de Cambio entre Perfiles Extremos, dieron información acerca de la magnitud y la tendencia de los cambios en la línea costera. Los resultados arrojaron que el máximo retroceso de la línea de costa se encuentra en el tramo II con – 86,42 m con una tasa de erosión de - 6,21 m/año donde predominan los procesos erosivos. El máximo desplazamiento acumulativo se encuentra en el tramo I, provocando en el extremo suroeste un ensanchamiento de todo el perfil de 152,48 m con una tasa de acreción de 10,9 m/año. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser usados para reconocer zonas de prioridad en la gestión costera en Cayo Jutías

Mucosal Immune Defence Gene Polymorphisms as Relevant Players in the Pathogenesis of IgA Vasculitis?

ITGAM–ITGAX (rs11150612, rs11574637), VAV3 rs17019602, CARD9 rs4077515, DEFA (rs2738048, rs10086568), and HORMAD2 rs2412971 are mucosal immune defence polymorphisms, that have an impact on IgA production, described as risk loci for IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Since IgAN and Immunoglobulin-A vasculitis (IgAV) share molecular mechanisms, with the aberrant deposit of IgA1 being the main pathophysiologic feature of both entities, we assessed the potential influence of the seven abovementioned polymorphisms on IgAV pathogenesis. These seven variants were genotyped in 381 Caucasian IgAV patients and 997 matched healthy controls. No statistically significant differences were observed in the genotype and allele frequencies of these seven polymorphisms when the whole cohort of IgAV patients and those with nephritis were compared to controls. Similar genotype and allele frequencies of all polymorphisms were disclosed when IgAV patients were stratified according to the age at disease onset or the presence/absence of gastrointestinal or renal manifestations. Likewise, no ITGAM–ITGAX and DEFA haplotype differences were observed when the whole cohort of IgAV patients, along with those with nephritis and controls, as well as IgAV patients, stratified according to the abovementioned clinical characteristics, were compared. Our results suggest that mucosal immune defence polymorphisms do not represent novel genetic risk factors for IgAV pathogenesis

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Inventario de fenómenos gravitacionales en el Occidente de Cuba

The present paper has as objective to elaborate an inventory of gravitational phenomenon’s in the most western area in Cuba that offers a more integral vision of the susceptibility from the territory to the occurrence of this phenomenon. For it, they were carried out two inventories of gravitational phenomenon’s, one associated to the road through a field work and the other based in the photograph interpretation of satelital images obtained by the googgle earth.  As a result, an inventory was obtained where they register the slides of the area and its more particular characteristics are described, elements that were not shown in an integral way until the moment, what facilitates, to interpret the results better and to determine the variables that exercise bigger influence in the occurrence of these phenomenon’s, is also shown, the most susceptible sectors to the occurrence of these. For better to graph the results three maps are elaborated, two that show the density of phenomenon’s for Popular Council and the third associate the populational density with the areas where they register the slides.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo elaborar un inventario de deslizamientos en la zona más occidental de Cuba, que brinde una visión más integral de la susceptibilidad del territorio a la ocurrencia de dichos fenómenos gravitacionales. Para ello, se realizaron dos inventarios de fenómenos gravitacionales, uno asociado a las redes viales a través de trabajos de campo y el otro a partir de la fotointerpretación de imágenes satelitales obtenidas del Googgle Earth. Como resultado, se obtuvo un inventario donde se registran los deslizamientos de la zona y se describen sus características más particulares, elementos que hasta el momento no se mostraban de manera integral, lo que posibilita, interpretar mejor los resultados y determinar las variables que ejercen mayor influencia en la ocurrencia de estos fenómenos, se muestra además, los sectores más susceptibles a la ocurrencia de estos. Para graficar mejor los resultados se elaboran tres mapas, dos que muestran la densidad de fenómenos por Consejos Populares y el tercero asocia la densidad poblacional con las zonas donde se registran los deslizamientos. Como conclusión fundamental y a partir de los resultados de la investigación se pudo constatar que los inventarios de deslizamientos representan una herramienta útil como punto de partida para el estudio de riesgo y susceptibilidad de un territorio

Inventory of gravitational phenomena in the West of Cuba

The present paper has as objective to elaborate an inventory of gravitational phenomenon’s in the most western area in Cuba that offers a more integral vision of the susceptibility from the territory to the occurrence of this phenomenon. For it, they were carried out two inventories of gravitational phenomenon’s, one associated to the road through a field work and the other based in the photograph interpretation of satelital images obtained by the googgle earth.  As a result, an inventory was obtained where they register the slides of the area and its more particular characteristics are described, elements that were not shown in an integral way until the moment, what facilitates, to interpret the results better and to determine the variables that exercise bigger influence in the occurrence of these phenomenon’s, is also shown, the most susceptible sectors to the occurrence of these. For better to graph the results three maps are elaborated, two that show the density of phenomenon’s for Popular Council and the third associate the populational density with the areas where they register the slides