Efeito estacional sobre características ovarianas e produção de oócitos em vacas Bos indicus no Mato Grosso do Sul

The present study evaluated the effect of two seasons of the year (dry and rainy) on the ovarian characteristics of Bos indicus slaughter cows in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Ovaries (n = 10) were collected on November and December of 1998 and from January to October of 1999. In the laboratory the ovaries were evaluated for weight (g), volume (Vol. (cm³) = 3/4 p x length /2 x width/2 x thickness/2), number of corpus luteum, number of follicles >; 9 mm of diameter, total number of follicles < 9 mm, number of oocytes viable and degenerated. The main effect of the season (dry or rainy) was estimated by analysis of variance (t test), for completely randomized design. Analysis of simple correlation (Sperman rank correlations) was performed among the variables studied, which were adjusted for the season effect. The results demonstrated that the effect of ovaries weight (5.1 x 6.5 g), total follicles (10.1 x 13.7), corpus luteum (0.32 x 0.47, p < 0.05) and the frequency of viable oocytes (19.6% x 35.6%) on the total oocytes recovered varied significantly (p < 0.01) between the dry and rainy season, respectively. Correlation analysis (r) showed significant coefficients (p < 0.01) between weight and volume of the ovaries (r = 0.78), weight and total follicles (r = 0.32), weight and corpus luteum (r = 0.41), total follicles and viable oocytes (r = 57), among others. It is concluded that important changes in ovarian function, based on the production and quality of oocytes, can be estimated between the dry and the rainy season. Therefore, based on those characteristics, the rainy season is the most appropriate for implantation of reproductive programs in commercial herds.Verificou-se o efeito de duas distintas estações do ano (seca e chuvosa) sobre algumas características ovarianas em vacas Bos indicus abatidas na região de Campo Grande, MS. Ovários (n = 10) foram obtidos nos meses de novembro e dezembro de 1998 e de janeiro a outubro de 1999. No laboratório, os ovários foram avaliados quanto ao peso (g), volume (Vol. (cm³) = 3/4 p x comprimento/2 x largura/2 x espessura/2), número de corpos lúteos, número de folículos com >; 9 mm de diâmetro, número total de folículos com menos de 9 mm, número de oócitos, oócitos viáveis e oócitos degenerados. O efeito principal da estação (seca ou chuvosa) foi estimado pela análise de variância (teste t), para modelos completamente ao acaso. Utilizou-se a análise da correlação simples entre as variáveis estudadas, ajustadas para o efeito da estação. Os resultados revelaram que o peso dos ovários (5,1 x 6,5 g), folículos totais (10,1 x 13,7), corpos lúteos (0,32 x 0,47, p < 0,05) e a percentagem de oócitos viáveis (19,6% x 35,6%) sobre o total de oócitos variaram significativamente (p < 0,01) entre as estações seca e chuvosa, respectivamente. A análise da correlação (r) mostrou coeficientes significativos (p < 0,01) entre peso e volume (r = 0,78), peso e total de folículos (r = 0,32), peso e corpos lúteos (r = 0,41), total de folículos e oócitos viáveis (r = 57), entre outros. Concluiu-se que importantes modificações na função ovariana, com base na produção e qualidade dos oócitos, podem ser estimadas entre a estação seca e chuvosa. Com base nestas características, a estação chuvosa torna-se mais favorável para a implantação de programas reprodutivos em rebanhos comerciais

Cypermethrin-based formulation Barrage® induces histological changes in gills of the Pantanal endemic shrimp Macrobrachium pantanalense

Pantanal shrimp Macrobrachium pantanalense was exposed for 96 h to the cypermethrin-based formulation Barrage®. Population-relevant endpoints (survival, swimming behavior) as well as histopathology of gills were analyzed. A 96 h-LC50 of 0.93 μg/L of cypermethrin was calculated while equilibrium disturbances were observed at 1.25 μg/L. Histological examination showed predominantly regressive changes in the gills of shrimp exposed to concentrations of 0.25 and 1.25 μg/L. Three levels of lesions were observed in the gills: I- Intercellular edema, epithelial lifting of the lamellae and lamellar fusion, fat vacuoles and hypertrophy of gill epithelial cells or mucous cells; II- nuclear changes, atrophy (reduction of volume and number) and hyperplasia of gill epithelia and III- necrosis. This study shows the high sensitivity of the shrimp M. pantanalense to the pesticide Barrage® highlighting the importance of monitoring agrochemicals residues in the Pantanal region (Brazil) and conduct risk evaluation studies to prevent deleterious effects on the aquatic communities of Pantanal.publishe

Canine Fetal Peritonitis

Background: The occurrence of neonatal diseases and neonatal deaths in canines are considered higher in the first days of life of individuals and bacterial diseases are considered the second most common cause. Inflammation of the mesothelial lining of the abdominal cavity is referred peritonitis, which can be classified as primary or secondary and there is no description on the occurrence of canine fetal peritonitis in the veterinary literature. The objective of this study is to describe a case of canine fetus peritonitis, presenting abnormal sonographic findings of the fetus and abnormalities identified after birth that were not yet described in veterinary literature.Case: A female Poodle, six years of age, considered healthy and without clinical complications during the gestational period, was referred for sonographic evaluation at the end of the pregnancy, in order to evaluate of the fetal viability and estimate the gestational period. By ultrasound examination, two canine fetuses were identified and based on its morphogenesis and biparietal diameter, the estimated gestational age was approximately 58 days. On the individual examination of each of the fetus by ultrasound, it was found that one of them had normal sonographic findings and on the second canine fetus it was found an increase of the intra-abdominal echogenicity of tissues, loss of the sonographic definition of the intestinal loops and presence of laminar anechoic areas between the interfaces of organs, consistent with abdominal effusion. Parturition occurred the following day of the ultrasound examination no complications and with the birth of two canine fetuses. About six hours after birth, one of the neonates showed dyspnea, hypothermia, areas of ecchymosis, suffusion in the ventral abdominal region, icteric and pale mucous membrane and the presence of abdominal fluid and came to death about 30 min after. Cytological analysis of the sample revealed exuberant amount of erythrocytes, fibrin and leukocytes. Culture revealed infection by Staphylococccus aureus and Enterococcus sp. Presence of bloody fluid in the abdominal cavity was observed at necropsy, with yellowish parietal surface of the thoracic and abdominal cavities and petechiae on the lungs, heart, stomach surfaces and intestinal mucous membrane. Microscopically, the lungs showed extensive areas of parenchymal consolidation, vascular congestion and intense inflammatory infiltrate in the alveolar wall; the liver was characterized by vascular congestion, areas of degeneration of hepatocytes and presence of calcified foci, necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates. Associating the results and findings of the exams was possible to conclude the diagnostic of fetal peritonitis.Discussion: The visualization of abnormal findings in affected fetus by a gestational ultrasound exam makes this report inedited and relevant for veterinary obstetrics. This demonstrates the importance of ultrasound exam in pregnant bitches for early detection of maternal fetal diseases. Presence of abdominal fluid and increased mesenteric ochogenicity associated with loss of the intestinal loop definition corroborates with the clinical suspicion of peritonitis in fetus. Findings on the anatomopathological examination, cytology and culture allowed conclusion of the cause of death. Bacterial forms in the cytological smear supported the diagnostic suspicion of peritonitis. Gestational ultrasound exam performed in this report was essential for proper conduct of the pregnant bitch and viability of the fetuses, suggesting that the detected fetal abnormalities showed predictive value in the viability of diseased individual. This case report contributes with the description of canine fetal peritonitis

ALTERAÇÕES NA MORFOLOGIA ESPERMÁTICA EM TOUROS DE CORTE COM E SEM SUPLEMENTAÇÃO DE ZINCO NA MISTURA MINERAL

rebanho sem Zn na suplementação mineral (ZN-0, n=4, 0mg/Zn/kg/dia) foram comparadas com as de touros contemporâneos criados com suplementação adequada (ZN-60FI, n=4, 60mg/Zn/kg/dia). O sêmen foi colhido quinzenalmente, entre 17 e 29 meses de idade. Incluíram-se no exame a análise da cromatina espermática e o perfil morfométrico da cabeça espermática, com base no comprimento, largura superior e inferior (µm) e área (µm2). Os touros do ZN-0 apresentaram redução de espermatozoides normais em relação ao ZN-60FI (62,4 ±2,88% x 74,5 ±2,83), sendo que a prevalência de anormalidades de cromatina (16,7 ±2,05%) e de defeitos de peça intermediária (9,3 ±0,81%) foi superior aos do ZN-60FI (9,5 ±2,03 e 3,2 ±0,80, respectivamente). A microscopia eletrônica de transmissão mostrou irregularidades mitocondriais e ruptura dos feixes de fibras densas externas.  Nos touros do ZN-60FI, a área da cabeça espermática foi proporcionalmente inferior a do ZN-0. Conclui-se que touros criados e mantidos a campo, provenientes de rebanhos com deficiência na suplementação de Zn, estão sujeitos à redução da qualidade seminal, por apresentarem maior frequência de anormalidades morfológicas, na cromatina, e nos padrões morfométricos da cabeça espermática com predomínio de lesões na estrutura mitocondrial e nos feixes de fibras densas na peça intermediária. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Bovino, cromatina, morfometria espermática, nutrição, qualidade seminal, zinco

Infecção por múltiplos tipos de Papilomavirus humano em mulheres jovens sexualmente ativas

Modelo do estudo: transversal. Objetivo do estudo: estimar a frequência e a distribuição dos tipos de Papilomavírus humano (HPV) em mulheres jovens sexualmente ativas. Metodologia: foram coletadas amostras do canal vaginal e endocérvice de 158 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 35 anos, por meio da técnica de autocoleta. O DNA-HPV foi extraído e amplificado pela técnica de PCR end point utilizando os primers consensus PGMY09/11. A genotipagem foi executada pela técnica de PCR tipo específico (TSPCR) e por análise dos fragmentos obtidos com o uso de enzimas de restrição (RFLP). Resultados: DNA-HPV foi detectado em 23% das amostras, 92% foram genótipos de alto risco oncogênico (HR), sendo prevalente o HPV45, seguido do HPV16 e 31. Infecções por múltiplos tipos de HPV foram detectadas em 35% das amostras, demonstrando infecção por mais de dois tipos em 22,2% das genotipadas. Maior frequência do DNA-HPV foi observada entre mulheres com idade ≤ 25 anos. Conclusão: Este estudo demostrou alta frequência da infecção pelo HPV em mulheres jovens sexualmente ativas, assim como uma alta prevalência de infecção múltipla com tipos de alto risco oncogênicoStudy design: cross. Study objective: estimate the frequency and distribution types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in sexually active young women. Methods: samples of vaginal and endocervical canal of 158 women, aged between 18 and 35 years were collected through self-collection technique. The HPV DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR end point using the consensus primers PGMY09/11 and genotyping was performed by PCR specific type (TS-PCR) and by analysis of the fragments obtained from the use of restriction enzymes (RFLP). Results: HPV DNA was detected in 23% of participants, 92% were high-risk HPV genotypes (HR), being the prevalent HPV45, followed by HPV16 and 31 infections with multiple HPV types were detected in 35% of samples, indicating infection by more than two types in 22.2% of the genotyped. Higher frequency of HPV DNA was detected in women ≤ 25 old. Conclusion: this demonstrated a high frequency of HPV infection in sexually active young women, as well as a high prevalence of infection with multiple types of high oncogenic ris

Measuring adherence to inhaled control medication in patients with asthma: Comparison among an asthma app, patient self‐report and physician assessment

Background Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using an asthma app to support medication management and adherence but failed to compare with other measures currently used in clinical practice. However, in a clinical setting, any additional adherence measurement must be evaluated in the context of both the patient and physician perspectives so that it can also help improve the process of shared decision making. Thus, we aimed to compare different measures of adherence to asthma control inhalers in clinical practice, namely through an app, patient self-report and physician assessment. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of three prospective multicentre observational studies with patients (≥13 years old) with persistent asthma recruited from 61 primary and secondary care centres in Portugal. Patients were invited to use the InspirerMundi app and register their inhaled medication. Adherence was measured by the app as the number of doses taken divided by the number of doses scheduled each day and two time points were considered for analysis: 1-week and 1-month. At baseline, patients and physicians independently assessed adherence to asthma control inhalers during the previous week using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS 0–100). Results A total of 193 patients (72% female; median [P25–P75] age 28 [19–41] years old) were included in the analysis. Adherence measured by the app was lower (1 week: 31 [0–71]%; 1 month: 18 [0–48]%) than patient self-report (80 [60–95]) and physician assessment (82 [51–94]) (p 0.05). There was a moderate correlation between patient self-report and physician assessment (ρ = 0.596, p < 0.001). Conclusions Adherence measured by the app was lower than that reported by the patient or the physician. This was expected as objective measurements are commonly lower than subjective evaluations, which tend to overestimate adherence. Nevertheless, the low adherence measured by the app may also be influenced by the use of the app itself and this needs to be considered in future studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Morphological and Postural changes in the foot during pregnancy and puerperium : a longitudinal study

The aim of this study is to observe the morphological and postural changes to the foot that take place during pregnancy and the puerperium. Method: In this descriptive, observational, longitudinal study, we analysed 23 pregnant women, with particular attention to morphological and postural aspects of the foot, at three time points during and after pregnancy: in weeks 9-13 of gestation, weeks 32-35 of gestation and weeks 4-6 after delivery. The parameters considered were changes in foot length, the Foot Posture Index (FPI) and the Hernández Corvo Index, which were analysed using a pedigraph and taking into account the Body Mass Index (BMI). The same procedure was conducted in each review. Results: The statistical analyses obtained for each foot did not differ significantly between the three measurement times. A pronator-type footprint was most frequently observed during the third trimester of pregnancy; it was predominantly neutral during the postpartum period. Statistically significant differences between the measurement times were obtained in the right foot for cavus vs. neutral foot type (between the first and third trimesters and also between the first trimester and the puerperium) (in both cases, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Foot length increases in the third trimester and returns to normal in the puerperium. According to FPI findings, the third trimester of pregnancy is characterised by pronation, while the posture returns to neutrality during the postpartum period. During pregnancy, the plantar arch flattens, and this persists during the puerperium. The incidence of cavus foot increases significantly in the third trimester and in the puerperium