Aplicación de la ergonomía para mejorar la productividad de la empresa de servicios Alexis y Roly E. I. R. L., Lima 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal demostrar que la aplicación de la ergonomía mejora la productividad en la empresa de servicios Alexis y Roly E.I.R.L., Lima 2021. Teniendo como diseño de investigación, preexperimental, con un estudio de tipo aplicativo ya que se mejoró y manipuló la variable independiente ergonomía para lograr y verificar el impacto en la variable dependiente productividad. Se empleó como técnica, formato de fichas de registros de datos y observaciones diarias, asimismo se hizo uso de indicadores de eficacia y eficiencia que dio a conocer la productividad de dicha empresa. El muestreo es no probabilístico por conveniencia, por el tiempo de desarrollo de la investigación. Los resultados alcanzados en la presente investigación fueron los esperados, ya que se logró un incremento de los principales indicadores como la productividad. Finalmente, se observó que al aplicar la ergonomía en la empresa de servicios Alexis y Roly E.I.R.L. aumento considerablemente la productividad, ya que antes de la implementación, la productividad era de 53% y después de la implementación, se obtuvo una productividad de 77%, mejorando la productividad en un 24%

Aves asociadas a cultivos de arveja (Pisum sativum L.) en Boyacá: aportes para la transición agroecológica.

Agroecosystems are considered potential places for the conservation of biodiversity, where practices are carried out that link people in production processes with aspects that are not only technical and economic, but also social, biological and ecological. Therefore, the objective of the research was to characterize the avifauna associated with pea cultivation on a farm scale in the municipality of Samacá-Boyacá. The presence and abundance of the species was monitored for six years, in the months of greatest planting and production with some restrictions due to the situation of Covid-19. The trophic group to which each species belongs and the use it gives to the crop were recorded. 1451 records of birds belonging to 13 species distributed in 10 families were found, the frequency of species during the 24 sampling campaigns was constant, most feed on insects and small invertebrates, followed by fruits and seeds, in terms of the use of the crop food predominates. The interaction of birds with the crop evidences the need for the transition to undertake processes that allow peas to be produced in accordance with the biophysical characteristics of their ecosystems and to take the first steps in sustainable agriculture.Los agroecosistemas son considerados lugares potenciales para la conservación de la biodiversidad, donde se realizan prácticas que vinculan a las personas en los procesos productivos con aspectos no solo técnicos y económicos, sino también sociales, biológicos y ecológicos. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de la investigación fue es caracterizar la avifauna asociada al cultivo de arveja a escala de finca en el municipio de Samacá-Boyacá. Se monitoreo la presencia y abundancia de las especies durante seis años, en los meses de mayor siembra y producción con algunas restricciones por la coyuntura del Covid-19. Se registró el grupo trófico al cual pertenece cada especie y el uso que le da al cultivo. Se encontraron 1451 registros de aves pertenecientes a 13 especies distribuidas en 10 familias, la frecuencia de especies durante las 24 campañas de muestreo fue constante, la mayoría se alimentan de insectos e invertebrados pequeños, seguido por frutos y semillas, en cuanto al uso del cultivo predomina la alimentación. La interacción de las aves con el cultivo, evidencia la necesidad de la transición para emprender procesos que permitan producir arveja acorde con las características biofísicas de sus ecosistemas y dar los primeros pasos en la agricultura sustentable

Burden of epilepsy in Latin America and The Caribbean: a trend analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990 – 2019.

Background: The epilepsy prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) had remained high over the last 20 years. Data on the burden of epilepsy are needed for healthcare planning and resource allocation. However, no systematic analysis had been performed for epilepsy burden in LAC. Methods: We extracted data of all LAC countries from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study from 1990 to 2019. Epilepsy burden was measured as prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined by the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] for premature mortality and years lived with disability [YLDs]), by age, sex, year, and country. Absolute numbers, rates, and 95% uncertainty intervals were reported. We performed correlational analyses among burden metrics and Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings: The burden of epilepsy decreased around 20% in LAC, led by YLLs reduction. In 2019, 6·3 million people were living with active epilepsy of all causes (95% UI 5·3 - 7·4), with 3·22 million (95% UI 2·21 - 4·03) and 3·11 million (95% UI 2·21 to 4·03) cases of epilepsy with identifiable aetiology and idiopathic epilepsy, respectively. The number of DALYs represented the 9·51% (1.37 million, 95% UI 0·99 -1·86) of the global epilepsy burden in 2019. The age-standardized burden was 175·9 per 100 000 population (95% UI 119·4 - 253·3), which tend to have a bimodal age distribution (higher in the youth and elderly) and was driven by high YLDs estimates. The burden was higher in men and older adults, primarily due to high YLLs and mortality. Alcohol use was associated with 17% of the reported DALYs. The SDI estimates significantly influenced this burden (countries with high SDI have less epilepsy burden and mortality, but not prevalence or disability). Interpretation: The epilepsy burden has decreased in LAC over the past 30 years. Even though, LAC is still ranked as the third region with the highest global epilepsy burden. This reduction was higher in children, but burden and mortality increased for older adults. The epilepsy burden is disability predominant; however, the mortality-related estimates are still higher than in other regions. Alcohol consumption and countries’ development are important determinants of this burden. There is an urgent need to improve access to epilepsy care in LAC, particularly for older adults. Strengthening primary care with online learning and telemedicine tools, and promoting risk factors modification should be prioritized in the region. Funding: This research was self-funded by the authors

Recruitment characteristics and non-adherence associated factors of fibromyalgia patients in a randomized clinical trial : a retrospective survival analysis

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a complex pain condition that affects mostly women. Given the disease's lack of understanding, patients report poor adherence to medication and mistrust of medical services. This study aims to describe the recruitment characteristics and non-adherence associated factors of fibromyalgia patients to an RCT. Methods: We performed a retrospective longitudinal analysis with data from our ongoing RCT. We investigated characteristics of subjects recruited, consented, and randomized. Adherence was studied using survival analysis techniques, and its associated factors were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: 524 subjects were contacted, 269 were eligible, 61 consented and 40 subjects were randomized. Thirtyeight percent were non-adherent to the protocol with a median of visits of five. The recruitment survey reported that 90% would likely participate in RCTs, 52% had previous participation, and 19% were aware of RCTs by their physicians. Some barriers were investigator-related (staff's friendliness and receiving the results of their trial participation) and center-related (privacy-confidentiality issues and the institution's reputation), without difference between adherent and non-adherent participants. We report significant factors for non-adherence as VAS anxiety score of 5 or more (5.3 HR, p = 0.01), Body Mass Index (BMI) (0.91 HR, p = 0.041) and Quality of Life (QoL) – Personal development subdomain (0.89 HR, p = 0.046). Conclusion: Recruitment and adherence of fibromyalgia patients is a challenge; however, they seem eager to participate in RCTs. We recommend creating a comfortable, friendly and trusting environment to increase the recruitment rate. Higher anxiety, lower BMI and lower quality of life were associated with a higher attrition rate

Proyecto Pulsos App

El presente documento de investigación contiene la implementación de un proyecto de emprendimiento orientado hacia la venta de un servicio aplicativo móvil que reduzca la cantidad de mujeres que sufren de acoso de cualquier tipo en la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Dicha investigación se realizó dentro de los NSE “A” y “B” que posean Smartphone en Lima Metropolitana. Se considera a este proyecto como una idea disruptiva debido a la escasez de competencias, falta de productos similares, aparición de nuevas tecnologías y tendencias. Así mismo, se considera importante abordar esta problemática con un producto efectivo debido a la continua aparición de incidencias, quejas y noticias que se manifiestan día a día en el país. Para concretar este proyecto, se logró efectuar un análisis a detalle para poder validar la rentabilidad, escalabilidad y viabilidad de nuestro servicio con los siguientes temas: Validación del modelo de negocio, Desarrollo del plan de negocios, Plan de operaciones, Plan de recursos humanos, Plan de marketing, Plan de responsabilidad social empresarial, Plan financiero y presupuestos. Por último, la aplicación de este servicio al mercado empresarial puede despertar intereses en organizaciones sin fines de lucro, organizaciones civiles, políticas y gubernamentales con la finalidad que generen un cambio en la sociedad tras la problemática existente.This research document contains the implementation of an entrepreneurial project aimed at selling a mobile application service that will reduce the number of women suffering from harassment of any kind in the city of Lima, Peru. This research was conducted within the NSE "A" and "B" that have smartphones in Metropolitan Lima. This project is considered a disruptive idea due to the shortage of skills, lack of similar products, emergence of new technologies and trends. Likewise, it is considered important to address this issue with an effective product due to the continuous appearance of incidents, complaints and news that are manifested every day in the country. In order to make this project concrete, a detailed analysis was carried out to validate the profitability, scalability and viability of our service with the following topics: Validation of the business model, Development of the business plan, Operations plan, Human resources plan, Marketing plan, Corporate social responsibility plan, Financial plan and budgets. Finally, the application of this service to the business market can arouse interest in nonprofit organizations, civil organizations, political and government in order to generate a change in society after the existing problems.Trabajo de investigació

La investigación formativa en ciencias empresariales: .Experiencias de investigación formativa POLIPIF

El material propuesto en el libro resume gran parte de la calidad de los trabajos presentados y la evolución en el desarrollo de las capacidades de los estudiantes en un contexto actual, complejo y retador, que refleja la realidad de las organizaciones actuales sobre escenarios estratégicos y manejo de situaciones complejas, para que, cuando lleguen a ser empleados o emprendedores, sepan afrontar cada paso hacia el cambio

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Forouzanfar MH, Afshin A, Alexander LT, et al. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. LANCET. 2016;388(10053):1659-1724.Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accounted for 57.8% (95% CI 56.6-58.8) of global deaths and 41.2% (39.8-42.8) of DALYs. In 2015, the ten largest contributors to global DALYs among Level 3 risks were high systolic blood pressure (211.8 million [192.7 million to 231.1 million] global DALYs), smoking (148.6 million [134.2 million to 163.1 million]), high fasting plasma glucose (143.1 million [125.1 million to 163.5 million]), high BMI (120.1 million [83.8 million to 158.4 million]), childhood undernutrition (113.3 million [103.9 million to 123.4 million]), ambient particulate matter (103.1 million [90.8 million to 115.1 million]), high total cholesterol (88.7 million [74.6 million to 105.7 million]), household air pollution (85.6 million [66.7 million to 106.1 million]), alcohol use (85.0 million [77.2 million to 93.0 million]), and diets high in sodium (83.0 million [49.3 million to 127.5 million]). From 1990 to 2015, attributable DALYs declined for micronutrient deficiencies, childhood undernutrition, unsafe sanitation and water, and household air pollution; reductions in risk-deleted DALY rates rather than reductions in exposure drove these declines. Rising exposure contributed to notable increases in attributable DALYs from high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, occupational carcinogens, and drug use. Environmental risks and childhood undernutrition declined steadily with SDI; low physical activity, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose increased with SDI. In 119 countries, metabolic risks, such as high BMI and fasting plasma glucose, contributed the most attributable DALYs in 2015. Regionally, smoking still ranked among the leading five risk factors for attributable DALYs in 109 countries; childhood underweight and unsafe sex remained primary drivers of early death and disability in much of sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation Declines in some key environmental risks have contributed to declines in critical infectious diseases. Some risks appear to be invariant to SDI. Increasing risks, including high BMI, high fasting plasma glucose, drug use, and some occupational exposures, contribute to rising burden from some conditions, but also provide opportunities for intervention. Some highly preventable risks, such as smoking, remain major causes of attributable DALYs, even as exposure is declining. Public policy makers need to pay attention to the risks that are increasingly major contributors to global burden. Copyright (C) The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake