Applications of Tissue Engineering in reparation of abdominal wall defects

En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de más de treinta artículos relevantes que han sido publicados en revistas científicas de impacto durante los últimos años con el objetivo de conocer la efectividad de las nuevas opciones terapéuticas en la reparación de defectos de la pared abdominal. La Ingeniería Tisular permite el desarrollo de nuevos sustitutos biológicos consistentes en matrices dérmicas acelulares sobre las que se cultivan células de diverso origen. Estas nuevas mallas biológicas no presentan las complicaciones habituales de las mallas artificiales que a día de hoy se utilizan en la clínica quirúrgica de forma rutinaria. Además de reducir la incidencia de complicaciones como son la infección con necesidad de retirada de la misma, falta de estímulo de la cicatrización o formación de seromas, estas nuevas opciones terapéuticas aportan beneficios adicionales como favorecer la angiogénesis, biocompatibilidad, y por tanto disminución del riesgo de infección. Existen varios tipos de matrices acelulares (humana, porcina, bovina,…) sin evidenciarse diferencias significativas entre ellas, siendo la más utilizada la humana. El cultivo de células sobre estas matrices ha demostrado mejores resultados que cuando se utiliza una matriz acelular. La colocación quirúrgica de la malla parece influir en el porcentaje de recidivas, habiéndose mostrado la colocación pre-peritoneal y la técnica de separación anatómica por componentes como las mejores. El principal problema que existe es que los estudios tienen un período de seguimiento corto, por lo que aún no se conocen los resultados a largo plazo de las mismas. A esto se añade el elevado coste de los biomateriales empleados, aún inviable en la práctica quirúrgica diaria. Por todo ello es fundamental una mayor investigación de los nuevos biomateriales para poder trasladar este tipo de opciones terapéuticas a la clínica, así como una adecuada selección del caso y el paciente cuando se decida utilizarlas.In this work we have reviewed more than thirty relevant issues recently published in scientific journal with impact factor in order to estimate the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches in reparation of abdominal wall defects. Tissue Engineering can be used for the development of new biological substitutes consisting on acellular dermal matrix seeded with different types of cells. These new biological meshes do not present some complications that are relatively common when artificial polymeric meshes are used in actual surgical practice. Besides the decrease of incidences such as infection and need to removal, lack of healing signals, or seromas, these new therapeutic approaches lead to some additional benefits such as to induce angiogenesis, biocompatibility and, thus, decrease of infection risk. There are several types of acellular dermal matrix (human, porcine, bovine …) with no significant evidence among them, although the most used is humanderived matrix. Cell culture over these biomaterials has reported better results than using acellular matrix. Matrix localization can also modify the relapse rate. In this sense, pre-peritoneal localization and anatomical separation of components technique have been reported as the best techniques. The main concern about the included studies is a short-term following period after treatment, and thus, scarce data about long-term effectiveness of these therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, due to the high price of the used biomaterials, these therapies are unfeasible nowadays in daily surgical practice. In summary, it is necessary advanced research about these new biomaterials in order to translate them to daily practice, as well as an adequate diagnosis and selection of the patient to be treated

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Surgical treatment of gunshot wound in inguinal region. About a case.

Las lesiones por armas de fuego son heridas causadas por proyectiles que pueden producir graves daños e incluso causar la muerte. Con mayor frecuencia encontramos lesiones en miembro inferior y en ocasiones pueden afectar a vasos vitales. En estos casos es fundamental una estabilización rápida del paciente, un diagnóstico precoz y un pronto tratamiento quirúrgico de ser necesario. En este trabajo presentamos el caso de un paciente de 61 años que recibió un disparo por un arma de fuego en la región inguinal y mano izquierdas. Se trataba de una escopeta de perdigones que había sido disparada a muy corta distancia. Ante la sospecha de lesión vascular fue llevado a quirófano, donde no se evidenció la misma, se extrajo el proyectil y desbridó la herida.Firearm injuries are injuries from projectiles that can cause serious damage and even death. More often we find lesions on the lower limb and can sometimes affect vital vessels. In these cases, rapid stabilization of the patient, early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment are essential. In this paper we present the case of a 61 year old patient who was shot by a firearm in the left inguinal region and left hand. It was a shotgun shot that had been fired at close range. Before the suspicion of vascular injury was taken to the operating room, where it was not evidenced the same, the projectile was extracted and it debrided the wound

The small bites technique for closure of abdominal midline incisions — a video vignette

peer-reviewed190 K

Delayed colorectal cancer care during covid-19 pandemic (decor-19). Global perspective from an international survey

Background The widespread nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been unprecedented. We sought to analyze its global impact with a survey on colorectal cancer (CRC) care during the pandemic. Methods The impact of COVID-19 on preoperative assessment, elective surgery, and postoperative management of CRC patients was explored by a 35-item survey, which was distributed worldwide to members of surgical societies with an interest in CRC care. Respondents were divided into two comparator groups: 1) ‘delay’ group: CRC care affected by the pandemic; 2) ‘no delay’ group: unaltered CRC practice. Results A total of 1,051 respondents from 84 countries completed the survey. No substantial differences in demographics were found between the ‘delay’ (745, 70.9%) and ‘no delay’ (306, 29.1%) groups. Suspension of multidisciplinary team meetings, staff members quarantined or relocated to COVID-19 units, units fully dedicated to COVID-19 care, personal protective equipment not readily available were factors significantly associated to delays in endoscopy, radiology, surgery, histopathology and prolonged chemoradiation therapy-to-surgery intervals. In the ‘delay’ group, 48.9% of respondents reported a change in the initial surgical plan and 26.3% reported a shift from elective to urgent operations. Recovery of CRC care was associated with the status of the outbreak. Practicing in COVID-free units, no change in operative slots and staff members not relocated to COVID-19 units were statistically associated with unaltered CRC care in the ‘no delay’ group, while the geographical distribution was not. Conclusions Global changes in diagnostic and therapeutic CRC practices were evident. Changes were associated with differences in health-care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical factors. Strategic planning is required to optimize CRC care