347 research outputs found
Analysis of Methodologies of Data Networks LAN
Currently companies offering the service implementation of data networks have seen the need to apply any methodology, the same that can be adapted to the needs of both the client and the organization and also allow direct all processes in the development of the project. However, the use and application of these methodologies aims to reduce failures due to incorrect implementation of the network, it is important to stress that these methodologies provide excellent results as long as the indicated adoption and meet customer needs. That is why the need to analyze the techniques used to implement a network, specifically a network (Local Area Network) LAN type arises; for which an analytical, bibliographical and documentary study, to obtain pertinent and relevant information within the framework of the research was conducted. In addition to the use of criteria for the evaluation of the methodology. As a result, it has been possible to demonstrate that the CISCO methodology is the most widely used thanks to its easy adaptation and implementation projects; plus, it provides a wealth of information and support to users, thereby allowing correct application of its processes
Utilising implementation intentions to promote healthy eating in adolescents
Objectives: This study evaluated a school-based behaviour change intervention for adolescents to address unhealthy eating habits that may otherwise âtrackâ into adulthood. Design: A behaviour change intervention was conducted utilising implementation intention formation (or if-then planning) for adolescents to achieve two healthy eating goals: (1) including fruit and vegetable in each daily meal, and (2) replacing unhealthy snacks with healthy choices. Methods: Participants (Nâ=â107) aged between 16 and 18 years were randomised to intervention, active control and passive control conditions. Intervention participants formed implementation intentions for achieving the healthy eating goals; participants in the active control condition completed health-related tasks; and passive control participants read health information. Eating habits and intentions were measured at baseline and 5-month follow-up. Results: Findings showed that the intervention was not effective in achieving the healthy eating goals. Conclusions: Our findings give some indication that implementation intentions alone may not be a powerful enough means of changing eating behaviour in this age group. We reflect in detail upon the elements of the intervention that may have prevented its success in changing behaviour, for example, its failure to raise motivation, and the target of potentially unsuitable self-regulatory goals. We also discuss our findings, for example, on forming multiple plans and the role of intentions, within the context of current literature
The role of CDC48 in the retro-translocation of non-ubiquitinated toxin substrates in plant cells
When the catalytic A subunits of the castor
bean toxins ricin and Ricinus communis
agglutinin (denoted as RTA and RCA A,
respectively) are delivered into the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of tobacco
protoplasts, they become substrates for ER-associated
protein degradation (ERAD). As
such, these orphan polypeptides are retro-translocated
to the cytosol, where a significant
proportion of each protein is degraded by
proteasomes. Here we begin to characterise
the ERAD pathway in plant cells, showing
that retro-translocation of these lysine-deficient
glycoproteins requires the ATPase
activity of cytosolic CDC48. Lysine
polyubiquitination is not obligatory for this
step. We also show that while RCA A is found
in a mannose-untrimmed form prior to its
retro-translocation, a significant proportion of
newly synthesised RTA cycles via the Golgi
and becomes modified by downstream
glycosylation enzymes. Despite these
differences, both proteins are similarly retro-translocated
Games for health for children - current status and needed research
Videogames for health (G4H) offer exciting, innovative, potentially highly effective methods for increasing knowledge, delivering persuasive messages, changing behaviors, and influencing health outcomes. Although early outcome results are promising, additional research is needed to determine the game design and behavior change procedures that best promote G4H effectiveness and to identify and minimize possible adverse effects. Guidelines for ideal use of different types of G4H by children and adolescents should be elucidated to enhance effectiveness and minimize adverse effects. G4H stakeholders include organizational implementers, policy makers, players and their families, researchers, designers, retailers, and publishers. All stakeholders should be involved in G4H development and have a voice in setting goals to capitalize on their insights to enhance effectiveness and use of the game. In the future, multiple targeted G4H should be available to meet a population's diverse health needs in developmentally appropriate ways. Substantial, consistent, and sophisticated research with appropriate levels of funding is needed to realize the benefits of G4H
Cytomolecular identification of individual wheat-wheat chromosome arm associations in wheat-rye hybrids
Chromosome pairing in the meiotic metaphase I of wheatrye
hybrids has been characterized by sequential genomic
and fluorescent in situ hybridization allowing not only the
discrimination of wheat and rye chromosomes, but also the
identification of the individual wheat and rye chromosome
arms involved in the chromosome associations. The majority
of associations (93.8%) were observed between the wheat
chromosomes. The largest number of wheat-wheat chromosome
associations (53%) was detected between the A and D
genomes, while the frequency of B-D and A-B associations
was significantly lower (32 and 8%, respectively). Among the
A-D chromosome associations, pairing between the 3AL and
3DL arms was observed with the highest frequency, while
the most frequent of all the chromosome associations (0.113/
cell) was found to be the 3DS-3BS. Differences in the pairing
frequency of the individual chromosome arms of wheat-rye
hybrids have been discussed in relation to the homoeologous
relationships between the constituent genomes of
hexaploid wheat
Social marketing and healthy eating : Findings from young people in Greece
This document is the Accepted Manuscript version. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12208-013-0112-xGreece has high rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases owing to poor dietary choices. This research provides lessons for social marketing to tackle the severe nutrition-related problems in this country by obtaining insight into the eating behaviour of young adults aged 18â23. Also, the main behavioural theories used to inform the research are critically discussed. The research was conducted in Athens. Nine focus groups with young adults from eight educational institutions were conducted and fifty-nine participantsâ views towards eating habits, healthy eating and the factors that affect their food choices were explored. The study found that the participants adopted unhealthier nutritional habits after enrolment. Motivations for healthy eating were good health, appearance and psychological consequences, while barriers included lack of time, fast-food availability and taste, peer pressure, lack of knowledge and lack of family support. Participants reported lack of supportive environments when deciding on food choices. Based on the findings, recommendations about the development of the basic 4Ps of the marketing mix, as well as of a fifth P, for Policy are proposedPeer reviewe
Maternal Perception of Child Weight Among Mexicans in California and Mexico
The prevalence of childhood overweight is high in Mexican immigrant communities in the United States. Understanding motherâs perceptions of child weight in immigrantsâ country of origin may help to understand this high prevalence. The goal of this study was to examine and compare mothersâ perception of weight in Mexico (MX) and in an immigrant community in California (CA). We assessed perceptions of child weight using a pictorial scale with 314 mothers of 5-year-old children in MX and 60 mothers of 5Â year-old-children in CA. We compared maternal reports with childrenâs objectively measured weight. Using chi-square and Analysis of Variance, we investigated associations of maternal perception of and satisfaction with weight according to socio-demographic characteristics. Mothers were more likely to underestimate their childrenâs weight in CA than in MX. On average, CA mothers wanted their children to be smaller than they currently were and mothers in MX wanted their children to be bigger than they currently were. This differed by weight status in CA with mothers of normal weight and at-risk-for-overweight children wanting them to be bigger and mothers of overweight children wanting them to be smaller. In order for programs to be effective, mothers must be able to recognize their children as overweight and want to address it. Because underestimation of weight and a desire for a larger size is common in this population, programs to address overweight may be more effective if they focus on alternative benefits of weight control strategies, such as healthy child development
PRALIMAP: study protocol for a high school-based, factorial cluster randomised interventional trial of three overweight and obesity prevention strategies
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Given the increase in overweight and obesity prevalence in adolescents in the last decade, effective prevention strategies for these conditions in adolescents are urgently needed. The PRALIMAP (Promotion de l'ALImentation et de l'Activité Physique) trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness for these conditions of 3 health promotion strategies -- educational, screening and environmental -- applied singly or in combination in high schools over a 2-year intervention period.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>PRALIMAP is a stratified 2 à 2 à 2 factorial cluster randomised controlled trial including 24 state high schools in Lorraine, northeastern France, in 2 waves: 8 schools in 2006 (wave 1) and 16 in 2007 (wave 2). Students entering the selected high schools in the 4 academic years from 2006 to 2009 are eligible for data collection. Interventional strategies are organized over 2 academic years. The follow-up consists of 3 visits: at the entry of grade 10 (T0), grade 11 (T1) and grade 12 (T2). At T0, 5,458 (85.7%) adolescents participated. The educational strategy consists of nutritional lessons, working groups and a final party. The screening strategy consists in detecting overweight/obesity and eating disorders in adolescents and proposing, if necessary, an adapted care management program of 7 group educational sessions. The environmental strategy consists in improving dietary and physical activity offerings in high schools and facilities, especially catering. The main outcomes are body size evolution over time, nutritional behaviour and knowledge, health and quality of life. An evaluation process documents how each intervention strategy is implemented in the schools and estimates the dose of the intervention, allowing for a per protocol analysis after the main intention-to-treat analysis.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>PRALIMAP aims at improving the prevention and management of overweight and obesity in adolescents by translating current evidence into public health practice. Particular attention is paid to clustering, multiple factorials and long-term duration to address common pitfalls in health promotion trials. The results should inform how best to implement, in a school environment, effective nutrition prevention programs targeting adolescents who are at a point their lives when they develop responsibilities and empowerment for health attitude behaviours.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00814554">NCT00814554</a>.</p
Male gonadal dose of ionizing radiation delivered during X-ray examinations and monthly probability of pregnancy: a population-based retrospective study
BACKGROUND: Male gonadal exposure to ionizing radiation may disrupt spermatogenesis, but its influence on the fecundity of couples has been rarely studied. We aimed to characterize the influence of male gonadal dose of ionizing radiation delivered during radiodiagnostic on the monthly probability of pregnancy. METHODS: We recruited a random sample of women who retrospectively described 1110 periods of unprotected intercourse beginning between 1985 and 1999 and leading either to a live birth or to no pregnancy; their duration was censored after 13 months. The male partner answered a telephone questionnaire on radiodiagnostic examinations. We assigned a mean gonadal dose to each type of radiodiagnostic examination. We defined male dose for each period of unprotected intercourse as the sum of the gonadal doses of the X-ray examinations experienced between 18 years of age and the date of discontinuation of contraception. Time to pregnancy was analysed using a discrete Cox model with random effect allowing to estimate hazard ratios of pregnancy. RESULTS: After adjustment for female factors likely to influence fecundity, there was no evidence of an association between male dose and the probability of pregnancy (test of homogeneity, p = 0.55). When compared to couples with a male gonadal dose between 0.01 and 0.20 milligrays (n = 321 periods of unprotected intercourse), couples with a gonadal dose above 10 milligrays had a hazard ratio of pregnancy of 1.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.73â2.86, n = 31). CONCLUSION: Our study provides no evidence of a long-term detrimental effect of male gonadal dose of ionizing radiation delivered during radiodiagnostic on the monthly probability of pregnancy during the year following discontinuation of contraceptive use. Classification errors due to the retrospective assessment of male gonadal exposure may have limited the statistical power of our study
A correlative and quantitative imaging approach enabling characterization of primary cell-cell communication: Case of human CD4+ T cell-macrophage immunological synapses
Cell-to-cell communication engages signaling and spatiotemporal reorganization events driven by highly context-dependent and dynamic intercellular interactions, which are difficult to capture within heterogeneous primary cell cultures. Here, we present a straightforward correlative imaging approach utilizing commonly available instrumentation to sample large numbers of cell-cell interaction events, allowing qualitative and quantitative characterization of rare functioning cell-conjugates based on calcium signals. We applied this approach to examine a previously uncharacterized immunological synapse, investigating autologous human blood CD4+ T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) forming functional conjugates in vitro. Populations of signaling conjugates were visualized, tracked and analyzed by combining live imaging, calcium recording and multivariate statistical analysis. Correlative immunofluorescence was added to quantify endogenous molecular recruitments at the cell-cell junction. By analyzing a large number of rare conjugates, we were able to define calcium signatures associated with different states of CD4+ T cell-MDM interactions. Quantitative image analysis of immunostained conjugates detected the propensity of endogenous T cell surface markers and intracellular organelles to polarize towards cell-cell junctions with high and sustained calcium signaling profiles, hence defining immunological synapses. Overall, we developed a broadly applicable approach enabling detailed single cell- and population-based investigations of rare cell-cell communication events with primary cells
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