Intracochlear Recordings of Electrophysiologic Parameters Indicating Cochlear Damage

The pathophysiologic mechanisms resulting in hearing loss during electrode implantation are largely unknown. To better understand the functional implications of electrode implantation, we recorded the effects of cochlear damage on acoustically evoked intracochlear measurements using normal-hearing gerbils

Infrastructures and Installation of the Compact Muon Solenoid Data Acquisition at CERN

At the time of this paper, all hardware elements of the CMS Data Acquisition System have been installed and commissioned both in the underground and surface areas. This paper describes in detail the infrastructures and the different steps that were necessary from the very beginning when the underground control rooms and surface building were building sites to a working system collecting data fragment from ~650 sources and sending them to surface for assembly and analysis

The CMS High Level Trigger System

The CMS Data Acquisition (DAQ) System relies on a purely software driven High Level Trigger (HLT) to reduce the full Level-1 accept rate of 100 kHz to approximately 100 Hz for archiving and later offline analysis. The HLT operates on the full information of events assembled by an event builder collecting detector data from the CMS front-end systems. The HLT software consists of a sequence of reconstruction and filtering modules executed on a farm of O(1000) CPUs built from commodity hardware. This paper presents the architecture of the CMS HLT, which integrates the CMS reconstruction framework in the online environment. The mechanisms to configure, control, and monitor the Filter Farm and the procedures to validate the filtering code within the DAQ environment are described

Regulatory Feedback Loop of Two phz Gene Clusters through 5′-Untranslated Regions in Pseudomonas sp. M18

BACKGROUND: Phenazines are important compounds produced by pseudomonads and other bacteria. Two phz gene clusters called phzA1-G1 and phzA2-G2, respectively, were found in the genome of Pseudomonas sp. M18, an effective biocontrol agent, which is highly homologous to the opportunistic human pathogen P. aeruginosa PAO1, however little is known about the correlation between the expressions of two phz gene clusters. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two chromosomal insertion inactivated mutants for the two gene clusters were constructed respectively and the correlation between the expressions of two phz gene clusters was investigated in strain M18. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) molecules produced from phzA2-G2 gene cluster are able to auto-regulate expression itself and activate the expression of phzA1-G1 gene cluster in a circulated amplification pattern. However, the post-transcriptional expression of phzA1-G1 transcript was blocked principally through 5'-untranslated region (UTR). In contrast, the phzA2-G2 gene cluster was transcribed to a lesser extent and translated efficiently and was negatively regulated by the GacA signal transduction pathway, mainly at a post-transcriptional level. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A single molecule, PCA, produced in different quantities by the two phz gene clusters acted as the functional mediator and the two phz gene clusters developed a specific regulatory mechanism which acts through 5'-UTR to transfer a single, but complex bacterial signaling event in Pseudomonas sp. strain M18

Migration control: A distance compensation strategy in ants

©The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com. Migratory behaviour forms an intrinsic part of the life histories of many organisms but is often a high-risk process. Consequently, varied strategies have evolved to negate such risks, but empirical data relating to their functioning are limited. In this study, we use the model system of the househunting ant Temnothorax albipennis to demonstrate a key strategy that can shorten migration exposure times in a group of social insects. Colonies of these ants frequently migrate to new nest sites, and due to the nature of their habitat, the distances over which they do so are variable, leading to fluctuating potential costs dependent on migration parameters. We show that colonies of this species facultatively alter the dynamics of a migration and so compensate for the distance over which a given migration occurs. Specifically, they achieve this by modulating the rate of ‘tandem running’, in which workers teach each other the route to a new nest site. Using this method, colonies are able to engage a larger number of individuals in the migration process when the distance to be traversed is greater, and furthermore, the system appears to be based on perceived encounter rate at the individual level. This form of decentralised control highlights the adaptive nature of a behaviour of ecological importance, and indicates that the key to its robustness lies in the use of simple rules. Additionally, our results suggest that such coordinated group reactions are central to achieving the high levels of ecological success seen in many eusocial organisms

Study on the Theory of Customary International Law

国际习惯法是国际法最重要的渊源之一，但在当代国际法理论体系中，国际习惯法一直处于比较尴尬的地位，理论争议也非常之多。为了能够把握国际习惯法的本质特征，本文从法哲学、国际社会和分析实证的角度对国际习惯法理论和实践进行了多维的考察，以期构筑一个比较全面、客观的国际习惯法理论体系。全文分为前言、正文和结语三部分。正文共有五章：第一章导论主要考察一些与国际习惯法相关的基本概念性问题，包括：第一，国际习惯法概念的形成问题。主要从国内习惯法理论的影响和国际法理论自我演变两个角度做了分析；第二，国际习惯法的定义问题。目的是给出关于国际习惯法的一般描述，并对国际习惯法与国际习惯两个概念进行必要的界分；第三，国...The customary international law is one of the most important sources of international law. But in contemporary theories of international law, the status of customary international law has been awkward with a lot of theoretical disputes. In order to grasp the essential characteristic of customary international law, the author makes a multidimensional study on its theory and judicial practice from a...学位：法学博士院系专业：法学院法律系_国际法学(含国际公法、国际私法、国际经济法)学号：B20030800

On the Coverage of All-Risk Cargo Insurance——Focus on Carrier`s Unauthorized Disposal of Cargo

海洋运输货物一切险（以下简称“海运货物一切险”）在分摊海上货物运输风险方面发挥着重大作用。然而，由于我国海上保险制度的不完善，使得海运货物一切险在应对海上风险，尤其是承运人私自处分货物等外来风险时存在较大不足。本文以承运人私自处分货物风险为中心，剖析我国海运货物一切险承保范围的不足，借鉴英国相关制度的最新发展，结合海运货物一切险承保范围识别标准的法理基础，论证我国海运货物一切险应加强对承运人私自处分货物风险的承保，并提出相应的保险条款完善建议。 本文除了引言和结语外，正文共分四章： 第一章评析我国海运货物一切险承保范围应对承运人私自处分货物风险的现状与不足。由于我国海运货物一切险条款中对“...All-risk cargo insurance plays an important role in sharing the risk of carriage of goods by sea. However, owing to the imperfection of Chinese marine insurance system, there exists great deficiency for all-risk cargo insurance in confronting with marine risks, especially external risks such as carrier's unauthorized disposal of cargos (hereinafter referred to as CUDC). Focusing on the risks of CU...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学)学号：1362008115068

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

Fire ants self-assemble into waterproof rafts to survive floods

Why does a single fire ant Solenopsis invicta struggle in water, whereas a group can float effortlessly for days? We use time-lapse photography to investigate how fire ants S. invicta link their bodies together to build waterproof rafts. Although water repellency in nature has been previously viewed as a static material property of plant leaves and insect cuticles, we here demonstrate a self-assembled hydrophobic surface. We find that ants can considerably enhance their water repellency by linking their bodies together, a process analogous to the weaving of a waterproof fabric. We present a model for the rate of raft construction based on observations of ant trajectories atop the raft. Central to the construction process is the trapping of ants at the raft edge by their neighbors, suggesting that some “cooperative” behaviors may rely upon coercion