Schule zwischen Harmonie und Aufstand. SchülerInnenmitbestimmung an den Zürcher LehrerInnenseminaren um 1918

Im Beitrag geht es um die Mitbestimmung von Schülerinnen und Schülern an drei Zürcher Lehrpersonenseminaren um 1918. Der Text untersucht, inwiefern sich die Etablierung von institutionalisierten Mitbestimmungsformen an den Seminaren in ein Narrativ von emanzipatorischem Aufbegehren und kriegsbedingten sozialen Unruhen um 1918 einschreiben lassen. Anhand der Chiffre 1918 loten die Autoren Kontinuitäten und Brüche aus, legen Verflechtungen mit reformpädagogischen Diskursen und den zeitgenössischen Jugendbewegungen frei, um Krieg und Revolution nicht a priori als Erklärungen für die Konflikte um Mitbestimmung der Schülerinnen und Schüler festzulegen. Mit derart geweitetem Blick und theoretischen Bezügen zu Luc Boltanski und Laurent Thévenot setzen sie bei der Kritik der Akteurinnen und Akteure an und gelangen durch diese Perspektivierung zu neuen Bewertungen teilweise bereits bekannter Handlungen. Der Beitrag zeichnet mit dem über drei verschiedene Zürcher Ausbildungsorte gespannten Vergleich unter Einbezug und Diskussion ähnlicher Formierungen wie etwa Schülerinnen- und Schülervereine oder Elternmitbestimmung ein tiefenscharfes Bild der unterschiedlichen Facetten von Mitbestimmung. Auf einer Metaebene werden angesichts der spärlichen und meist retrospektiven Quellen von beteiligten Seminaristinnen und Seminaristen zudem Verhältnis und Aussagewert von Erinnerung und in der Erinnerung überliefertem Ereignis ausgelotet und allfällige Verzerrungen quellenkritisch reflektiert. (DIPF/Orig.

Schule zwischen Harmonie und Aufstand. SchülerInnenmitbestimmung an den Zürcher LehrerInnenseminaren um 1918

Im Beitrag geht es um die Mitbestimmung von Schülerinnen und Schülern an drei Zürcher Lehrpersonenseminaren um 1918. Der Text untersucht, inwiefern sich die Etablierung von institutionalisierten Mitbestimmungsformen an den Seminaren in ein Narrativ von emanzipatorischem Aufbegehren und kriegsbedingten sozialen Unruhen um 1918 einschreiben lassen. Anhand der Chiffre 1918 loten die Autoren Kontinuitäten und Brüche aus, legen Verflechtungen mit reformpädagogischen Diskursen und den zeitgenössischen Jugendbewegungen frei, um Krieg und Revolution nicht a priori als Erklärungen für die Konflikte um Mitbestimmung der Schülerinnen und Schüler festzulegen. Mit derart geweitetem Blick und theoretischen Bezügen zu Luc Boltanski und Laurent Thévenot setzen sie bei der Kritik der Akteurinnen und Akteure an und gelangen durch diese Perspektivierung zu neuen Bewertungen teilweise bereits bekannter Handlungen. Der Beitrag zeichnet mit dem über drei verschiedene Zürcher Ausbildungsorte gespannten Vergleich unter Einbezug und Diskussion ähnlicher Formierungen wie etwa Schülerinnen- und Schülervereine oder Elternmitbestimmung ein tiefenscharfes Bild der unterschiedlichen Facetten von Mitbestimmung. Auf einer Metaebene werden angesichts der spärlichen und meist retrospektiven Quellen von beteiligten Seminaristinnen und Seminaristen zudem Verhältnis und Aussagewert von Erinnerung und in der Erinnerung überliefertem Ereignis ausgelotet und allfällige Verzerrungen quellenkritisch reflektiert. (DIPF/Orig.

Repurposing Know-how for Drug Development: Case Studies from the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute

In pursuing novel therapeutic solutions, drug discovery and development rely on efficiently utilising existing knowledge and resources. Repurposing know-how, a strategy that capitalises on previously acquired information and expertise, has emerged as a powerful approach to accelerate drug discovery and development processes, often at a fraction of the costs of de novo developments. For 80 years, collaborating within a network of partnerships, the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) has been working along a value chain from innovation to validation and application to combat poverty-related diseases. This article presents an overview of selected know-how repurposing initiatives conducted at Swiss TPH with a particular emphasis on the exploration of drug development pathways in the context of neglected tropical diseases and other infectious diseases of poverty, such as schistosomiasis, malaria and human African trypanosomiasis

Key Contributions by the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Towards New and Better Drugs for Tropical Diseases

Thanks to its expertise in clinical research, epidemiology, infectious diseases, microbiology, parasitology, public health, translational research and tropical medicine, coupled with deeply rooted partnerships with institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute (Swiss TPH) has been a key contributor in many drug research and development consortia involving academia, pharma and product development partnerships. Our know-how of the maintenance of parasites and their life-cycles in the laboratory, plus our strong ties to research centres and disease control programme managers in LMICs with access to field sites and laboratories, have enabled systems for drug efficacy testing in vitro and in vivo, clinical research, and modelling to support the experimental approaches. Thus, Swiss TPH has made fundamental contributions towards the development of new drugs – and the better use of old drugs – for neglected tropical diseases and infectious diseases of poverty, such as Buruli ulcer, Chagas disease, food-borne trematodiasis (e.g. clonorchiasis, fascioliasis and opisthorchiasis), human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and tuberculosis. In this article, we show case the success stories of molecules to which Swiss TPH has made a substantial contribution regarding their use as anti-infective compounds with the ultimate aim to improve people’s health and well-being

2,4-Diaminopyrimidines as Potent Inhibitors of Trypanosoma brucei and Identification of Molecular Targets by a Chemical Proteomics Approach

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei is the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) or sleeping sickness, a fatal disease affecting nearly half a million people in sub-Saharan Africa. Current treatments for HAT have very poor safety profiles and are difficult to administer. There is an urgent need for new, safe and effective treatments for sleeping sickness. This work describes the discovery of 2,4-diaminopyrimidines, exemplified by 4-[4-amino-5-(2-methoxy-benzoyl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamino]-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid phenylamide or SCYX-5070, as potent inhibitors of T. brucei growth in vitro and also in animal models for HAT. To determine the parasite proteins responsible for interaction with SCYX-5070 and related compounds, affinity pull-downs were performed followed by sequence analysis and parasite genome database searching. The work revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cdc2-related kinases (CRKs) are the major proteins specifically bound to the immobilized compound, suggesting their potential participation in the pharmacological effects of 2,4-diaminopyrimidines against trypanosomatid protozoan parasites. These data strongly support the use of 2,4-diminipyrimidines as leads for the development of new drug candidates for the treatment of HAT

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Atrial fibrillation genetic risk differentiates cardioembolic stroke from other stroke subtypes

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to assess whether genetic risk factors for atrial fibrillation can explain cardioembolic stroke risk.MethodsWe evaluated genetic correlations between a prior genetic study of AF and AF in the presence of cardioembolic stroke using genome-wide genotypes from the Stroke Genetics Network (N = 3,190 AF cases, 3,000 cardioembolic stroke cases, and 28,026 referents). We tested whether a previously-validated AF polygenic risk score (PRS) associated with cardioembolic and other stroke subtypes after accounting for AF clinical risk factors.ResultsWe observed strong correlation between previously reported genetic risk for AF, AF in the presence of stroke, and cardioembolic stroke (Pearson’s r=0.77 and 0.76, respectively, across SNPs with p &lt; 4.4 × 10−4 in the prior AF meta-analysis). An AF PRS, adjusted for clinical AF risk factors, was associated with cardioembolic stroke (odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (sd) = 1.40, p = 1.45×10−48), explaining ∼20% of the heritable component of cardioembolic stroke risk. The AF PRS was also associated with stroke of undetermined cause (OR per sd = 1.07, p = 0.004), but no other primary stroke subtypes (all p &gt; 0.1).ConclusionsGenetic risk for AF is associated with cardioembolic stroke, independent of clinical risk factors. Studies are warranted to determine whether AF genetic risk can serve as a biomarker for strokes caused by AF.</jats:sec