Historia oficial y nueva novela histórica

Fil: Britto García, Luis

Entrevista con Luis Britto García

Fil: Britto García, Luis

Soberanía y Derechos Humanos

Tardíamente llegamos en Venezuela a la investigación de las masivas violaciones de Derechos Humanos cometidas por la represión entre 1958 y 1998. En Argentina la Comisión Nacional sobre Desaparición de Personas, presidida por Ernesto Sábato, verificó 8.960 víctimas fatales de las dictaduras. En Chile la Comisión Nacional de Verdad y Reconciliación, contabilizó en su Informe Rettig que 2.279 personas fueron asesinadas por causas políticas entre 1973 y 1990. En Venezuela ha sido imposible hacer un conteo similar de nuestras bajas, que podrían llegar a diez mil. El artículo 143 de la Constitución Bolivariana garantiza a los ciudadanos el “acceso a los archivos y registros administrativos, sin perjuicio de los límites aceptables dentro de una sociedad democrática en materias relativas a seguridad interior y exterior, a investigación criminal y a la intimidad de la vida privada”. Pero los expedientes de cuerpos represivos y tribunales permanecen sellados, hasta para víctimas o deudos. Sobre esas décadas de resistencia popular perduran innumerables testimonios aislados. No existe una obra general y pormenorizada sobre el tema, salvo la monumental La lucha Social y la lucha armada en Venezuela 1958-1998, de Elia Oliveros, cuya edición se retrasa inexplicablemente. La reciente promulgación de la Ley contra el Olvido es un paso gigantesco para el triunfo de la memoria histórica y de la justicia. Pues urge que Venezuela recupere la soberana potestad de investigar y juzgar violaciones contra los Derechos Humanos y crímenes de lesa humanidad, antes de que las potencias imperiales la confisquen para usarla contra nosotros

Obras incompletas de Aníbal Nazoa

La inconclusión nos define. Mariposas efímeras, la eternidad nos fijaría con el alfiler de la exhaustividad o la repetición. La brevedad de la vida nos obliga a ser apenas gesto o sugerencia. La obra perenne sigue creciendo en la imaginación de quien la lee. Consciente de ello, Aníbal Nazoa prefirió calificar de Incompleta una de las más importantes de sus obras. Extraña elección para quien, a la chita callando, completó la más integral enciclopedia sobre las grandezas y las miserias de la venezolanidad

India y América Latina

¿Por qué a los primeros pobladores de América se los llama “indios”? En 1492 los europeos no buscaban América, cuya existencia desconocían: su codicia buscaba la India, y confundió al Nuevo Mundo con ésta. Cada pueblo es distinto, cada país es irrepetible, pero en la Historia hay tramas que parecen replicarse. La Conquista de América a partir de 1492 completa en aproximadamente un siglo la mayor operación de coloniaje de todos los tiempos: se extiende sobre un continente, se cumple utilizando algunos de los pueblos originarios contra otros, las riquezas saqueadas financian la hegemonía de España sobre Europa durante dos siglos y la de Europa sobre el mundo durante cuatro. El proceso se libra mediante una inconcebible destrucción de riqueza material y cultural, pero los conquistadores imponen, por lo menos en América Latina, una sola religión y dos lenguas romances, que devendrán instrumentos de comunicación entre los conquistados. También les instruyen en algunos rudimentos de la cultura Occidental, que, desarrollados con un estilo propio, les permitirán iniciar el camino hacia la Independencia y la descolonización

Las estéticas de la epopeya colectiva en El Caribe

Caribe, vorágine de vientos y corrientes, nación indígena, Mediterráneo americano cuya posesión significó el dominio del mundo, caleidoscópica diversidad, manera de ser. Este piélago habla. Amo el Caribe, dice André Pyeire de Mandiargues, porque es el paraje geográfico más próximo a la alucinación. La cultura es el paisaje, añade Lezama Lima. No deberíamos ser demasiado diferentes del ámbito que vivimos y de la historia que nos engendra. Pensemos en este mundo sobre el cual evitan meditar tantos de sus habitantes. El mar lo agobia de infinito. Las aguas separan y comunican islas que brotan del abismo como dientes de una desgastada mandíbula de tiburón. La costa deviene patria de todos los que no tienen ninguna: mercaderes, filibusteros, demagogos. Late el Caribe con la sístole y la diástole de lo unitario y lo diverso. El Caribe no es una topografía, sino una geografía del estilo

Alla lettera di Luis Britto García

[Italiano]:Il volume offre al lettore italiano la traduzione di Rajatabla (Alla lettera), prima raccolta di racconti dello scrittore venezuelano Luis Britto García. Si tratta dell'opera più nota di uno degli scrittori attivi durante il cd. Boom della letteratura ispanoamericana, la cui traiettoria arriva fino ai giorni nostri. È, quindi, auspicio della curatrice del volume, offrire una dimensione alternativa ai romanzi più noti del periodo letterario in questione. Infatti, si tratta di microfinzioni nelle quali vengono presentate le problematiche e le strategie narrative del mondo ispanoamericano. Il volume si avvale di un'introduzione critica in cui si affrontano le tematiche salienti del volume: in primo luogo, la teoria e la pratica della microfinzione in America Latina; in secondo luogo, le questioni di matrice culturale che tale forma narrativa può includere; in terzo luogo, il rapporto tra finzione ultracorta e problematiche sociali e culturali in America Latina. Per quanto riguarda il primo punto, si valuta l'impatto delle forme brevissime nella critica letteraria del subcontinente, in particolare attraverso i lavori di Rosalba Campra; il secondo punto riporterà gli studi sul pensiero latinoamericano di matrice culturalista e formale; per il terzo punto, ci si avvale degli studi sulle questioni politiche e culturali riguardanti l'identità continentale ./[English]:The volume offers an Italian translation of Rajatabla (Alla lettera), the first short-stories collection by Luis Britto García, a Venezuelan author. Rajatabla can be considered the most famous work of one of the most active writers during the so called Spanish-American Literature Boom. The volume aims at offering an alternative dimension to the more famous novels written in Latin America during the same literary period. The critical introduction deals with the salient themes of the volume. First of all, the theory and practice of micro-fiction in Latin America; secondly, the cultural elements that this narrative form may include and finally, the relationship between ultra-short fiction and social-cultural issues in Latin America Literature. In particular, with regard to the first point, we have evaluated the impact of short forms in the Subcontinet Literary Studies especially through the works of Rosalba Campra

A new waterborne chitosan-based polyurethane hydrogel as a vehicle to transplant bone marrow mesenchymal cells improved wound healing of ulcers in a diabetic rat model

[EN] Foot ulcers, a common complication of diabetes, can cause physical incapacity and are derived from several factors, including poor wound healing. New therapeutic strategies are needed to minimize this complication for the sake of patients' health. We therefore developed a new chitosan- polyurethane hydrogel membrane (HPUC) and the WA results confirmed that HPUC present low cytotoxicity and improved wound healing when used with mononuclear bone marrow fraction cells in the diabetic rat model. The biodegradable hydrogels were produced in block copolymer networks with a combination of chitosan blocks and biodegradable polyurethane. The membranes were characterized by FTIR, C-13-NMR and thermogravimetry. Swelling and hydrolytic degradation were also evaluated. The non-solubility of the membranes in good solvents and the chemical characterization confirmed that the network structure was formed between the PU and the chitosan through urea/urethane bonds. The findings confirm that the HPUC have interesting properties that make them suitable for wound healing applications.This work was funded by: Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -doctoral fellowships to Viezzer, C (CAPES/PDSE-BEX: 1408/11-9) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the MAT2016-76039-C4-1-R Project, including FEDER financial support. CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&i Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Viezzer, C.; Mazzuca, R.; Machado, DC.; Forte, MMDC.; Gómez Ribelles, JL. (2020). A new waterborne chitosan-based polyurethane hydrogel as a vehicle to transplant bone marrow mesenchymal cells improved wound healing of ulcers in a diabetic rat model. 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Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016