Compatibility and stability of hyoscine n-butyl bromide and furosemide admixtures for use in palliative care

In order to avoid separate injections, admixtures of drugs are frequently used in palliative care settings. There are different factors that can influence the compatibility and stability of the mixture: drug type, concentration, solvent, container, temperature and light. There are some mixtures of drugs with proven stability, but there is lack of evidence about the stability and compatibility of the combination of hyoscine N-butyl bromide and furosemide.Universidad de Málaga,Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Determination of compatibility and stability of haloperidol and morphine mixtures used in palliative care

With the aim of controlling various symptoms, possible to use mixtures of different drugs within infusion devices. This should take into account the compatibility of the mixture. Factors influence the compatibility and stability of the mixtures are: drug type, concentration, solvent, temperature and light. When evaluating the compatibility of the mixtures for infusion for subcutaneous via is important to consider infusion devices used and the conditions of light and temperature should simulate as far as possible the conditions in practice assistance. There are diverse studies that analyze the compatibility of drug mixtures, but there are still many possible combinations of drugs for which evidence is not available. The objective of this work is to study the compatibility and stability of several mixtures of haloperidol and morphine that can be used in solution for subcutaneous infusion

Compatibility and stability of morphine and furosemide admixture

Background: In order to avoid separate injections of different drugs, admixtures of opioids with other drugs used in palliative care are frequently used. There are different factors that can influence the compatibility and stability of the mixture: drug type, concentration, solvent, container, temperature and light. There are some mixtures of opioids with other drugs with proven stability, but there is lack of evidence about the stability and compatibility of the combination of morphine and furosemide. Purpose: To evaluate the compatibility and stability of the admixture morphine 1.0 mg/ml - furosemide 0.6 mg/ml in NaCl 0.9% stored at ambient room temperature under normal light for at least 30 days. Material and method: On study day 0, a mixture was prepared and diluted in NaCl 0.9% to obtain 1.0 mg/ml of morphine and 0.6 mg/ml of furosemide and stored at ambient room temperature under normal light. The concentration of each constituent drug was periodically determined using a HPLC-UV method. The drugs were chromatographed on a C18 reverse phase column; the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water 80:20 (v/v); flow rate 1.5 ml/min. Morphine and furosemide concentrations were determined at 235 nm by interpolation from the calibration curves prepared at (0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 19, 23, 26, 30) days from the standards. Results and discussion: The admixture remained physically and chemically stable during study period, with no precipitation or colour change and non-significant loss of morphine or furosemide. Statgraphics centurion XVI program has been used to data treatment. Conclusion: Morphine and furosemide mixture diluted in NaCl 0.9% (concentration 1.0 and 0.6 mg/ml, respectively), is physically and chemically stable from at least 30 days.Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Compatibility and stability of ondansetron and midazolam mixtures used in palliative care

Background and importance Different factors can influence the compatibility and stability of the mixture: drug type, concentration, solvent, container, temperature and light. There are some mixtures of drugs with proven stability, but there is a lack of evidence about the stability and compatibility of the combination of ondansetron and midazolam. The objective of this investigation was to study the compatibility and stability of a binary mixture of these drugs in solution for subcutaneous infusion in palliative care Aim and objectives To evaluate the compatibility and stability of two admixtures of ondansetron and midazolam at two different temperatures (25°C and 37°C). The concentrations of the admixtures were 0.1 g/L–0.1 g/L and 0.5 g/L–1.0 g/L in NaCl 0.9% stored in elastomeric infusors protected from light Material and methods Samples were prepared and diluted in NaCl 0.9% in elastomeric infusors in triplicate to obtain four different conditions of concentration and/or storage temperature (0.1 g/L–0.1 g/L; 0.5 g/L–1.0 g/L for ondansetron and midazolam, respectively, stored at temperatures of 25°C and 37°C). The concentration of each drug was periodically determined using HPLC-UV and UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods in the analytical chemistry laboratory between February and June 2019. Conditions: C18 column, mobile phase methanol: KH2PO40.05 M, adjusted to pH 3 with H3PO3 (60:40, v/v) delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The sample injection volume was 20 mL, and triplicate injections were performed for every sample. The signal was recorded over 14 min and the retention times were 4.1 min for ondansetron and 7.8 min for midazolam. Ondansetron and midazolam concentrations were determined at 254 nm. Results The stability of the admixtures diluted in NaCl 0.9% were as follow: ondansetron–midazolam (0.1 mg/mL–0.1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL –1.0 mg/mL) were stable(retained >90% of their initial concentrations) for only 1 day at 25°C and 37°C, respectivelyUniversidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

PRECONCENTRATION OF COPPER FROM DIFFERENT SAMPLES BY DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION

Sample preparation is a critical step of any analytical protocol. Nowadays the goals to be reached are the best results, in the shortest time, with minimal contamination, low reagent consumption and generation of minimal waste. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction is a miniaturized sample preparation procedure inside Green Chemistry because the low volume of dissolvent employed. All parameters that influence on the preconcentration of copper have been optimized. The detection limit was 7.9 μg L-1. The proposed method was successfully applied to the preconcentration and determination of copper in food, vegetation, and water samples and in two standard reference materials

SIRT1 mediates obesity- and nutrient-dependent perturbation of pubertal timing by epigenetically controlling Kiss1 expression

Puberty is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and is highly sensitive to metabolic and nutritional cues. However, the epigenetic pathways mediating the effects of nutrition and obesity on pubertal timing are unknown. Here, we identify Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a fuel-sensing deacetylase, as a molecule that restrains female puberty via epigenetic repression of the puberty-activating gene, Kiss1. SIRT1 is expressed in hypothalamic Kiss1 neurons and suppresses Kiss1 expression. SIRT1 interacts with the Polycomb silencing complex to decrease Kiss1 promoter activity. As puberty approaches, SIRT1 is evicted from the Kiss1 promoter facilitating a repressive-to-permissive switch in chromatin landscape. Early-onset overnutrition accelerates these changes, enhances Kiss1 expression and advances puberty. In contrast, undernutrition raises SIRT1 levels, protracts Kiss1 repression and delays puberty. This delay is mimicked by central pharmacological activation of SIRT1 or SIRT1 overexpression, achieved via transgenesis or virogenetic targeting to the ARC. Our results identify SIRT1-mediated inhibition of Kiss1 as key epigenetic mechanism by which nutritional cues and obesity influence mammalian puberty

The Bactofilin Cytoskeleton Protein BacM of Myxococcus xanthus Forms an Extended β-Sheet Structure Likely Mediated by Hydrophobic Interactions

Bactofilins are novel cytoskeleton proteins that are widespread in Gram-negative bacteria. Myxococcus xanthus, an important predatory soil bacterium, possesses four bactofilins of which one, BacM (Mxan_7475) plays an important role in cell shape maintenance. Electron and fluorescence light microscopy, as well as studies using over-expressed, purified BacM, indicate that this protein polymerizes in vivo and in vitro into ~3 nm wide filaments that further associate into higher ordered fibers of about 10 nm. Here we use a multipronged approach combining secondary structure determination, molecular modeling, biochemistry, and genetics to identify and characterize critical molecular elements that enable BacM to polymerize. Our results indicate that the bactofilin-determining domain DUF583 folds into an extended β-sheet structure, and we hypothesize a left-handed β-helix with polymerization into 3 nm filaments primarily via patches of hydrophobic amino acid residues. These patches form the interface allowing head-to-tail polymerization during filament formation. Biochemical analyses of these processes show that folding and polymerization occur across a wide variety of conditions and even in the presence of chaotropic agents such as one molar urea. Together, these data suggest that bactofilins are comprised of a structure unique to cytoskeleton proteins, which enables robust polymerization

Fingerprinting microbiomes towards screening for microbial antibiotic resistance

There is an increasing need to investigate microbiomes in their entirety in a variety of contexts ranging from environmental to human health scenarios. This requirement is becoming increasingly important with emergence of antibiotic resistance. In general, more conventional approaches are too expensive and/or time-consuming and often predicated on prior knowledge of the microorganisms one wishes to study. Herein, we propose the use of biospectroscopy tools as relatively high-throughput, non-destructive approaches to profile microbiomes under study. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) or Raman spectroscopy both generate fingerprint spectra of biological material and such spectra can readily be subsequently classed according to biochemical changes in the microbiota, such as emergence of antibiotic resistance. FTIR spectroscopy techniques generally can only be applied to desiccated material whereas Raman approaches can be applied to more hydrated samples. The ability to readily fingerprint microbiomes could lend itself to new approaches in determining microbial behaviours and emergence of antibiotic resistance

Luminescence Sensors Applied to Water Analysis of Organic Pollutants—An Update

The development of chemical sensors for environmental analysis based on fluorescence, phosphorescence and chemiluminescence signals continues to be a dynamic topic within the sensor field. This review covers the fundamentals of this type of sensors, and an update on recent works devoted to quantifying organic pollutants in environmental waters, focusing on advances since about 2005. Among the wide variety of these contaminants, special attention has been paid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, explosives and emerging organic pollutants. The potential of coupling optical sensors with multivariate calibration methods in order to improve the selectivity is also discussed

Macromolecular Fingerprinting of Sulfolobus Species in Biofilm: A Transcriptomic and Proteomic Approach Combined with Spectroscopic Analysis

Microorganisms in nature often live in surfaceassociated sessile communities, encased in a self-produced matrix, referred to as biofilms. Biofilms have been well studied in bacteria but in a limited way for archaea. We have recently characterized biofilm formation in three closely related hyperthermophilic crenarchaeotes: Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, S. solfataricus, and S. tokodaii. These strains form different communities ranging from simple carpet structures in S. solfataricus to high density tower-like structures in S. acidocaldarius under static condition. Here, we combine spectroscopic, proteomic, and transcriptomic analyses to describe physiological and regulatory features associated with biofilms. Spectroscopic analysis reveals that in comparison to planktonic life-style, biofilm life-style has distinctive influence on the physiology of each Sulfolobus spp. Proteomic and transcriptomic data show that biofilm-forming life-style is strain specific (eg ca. 15% of the S. acidocaldarius genes were differently expressed, S. solfataricus and S. tokodaii had ∼3.4 and ∼1%, respectively). The -omic data showed that regulated ORFs were widely distributed in basic cellular functions, including surface modifications. Several regulated genes are common to biofilm-forming cells in all three species. One of the most striking common response genes include putative Lrs14-like transcriptional regulators, indicating their possible roles as a key regulatory factor in biofilm development