The role of biosensors in the detection of emerging infectious diseases

Global biosecurity threats such as the spread of emerging infectious diseases (i.e., avian influenza, SARS, Hendra, Nipah, etc.) and bioterrorism have generated significant interest in recent years. There is considerable effort directed towards understanding and negating the proliferation of infectious diseases. Biosensors are an attractive tool which have the potential to detect the outbreak of a virus and/or disease. Although there is a host of technologies available, either commercially or in the scientific literature, the development of biosensors for the detection of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) is still in its infancy. There is no doubt that the glucose biosensor, the gene chip, the protein chip, etc. have all played and are still playing a significant role in monitoring various biomolecules. Can biosensors play an important role for the detection of emerging infectious diseases? What does the future hold and which biosensor technology platform is suitable for the real-time detection of infectious diseases? These and many other questions will be addressed in this review. The purpose of this review is to present an overview of biosensors particularly in relation to EIDs. It provides a synopsis of the various types of biosensor technologies that have been used to detect EIDs, and describes some of the technologies behind them in terms of transduction and bioreceptor principles

USE OF BLOOD PRODUCTS IN ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS TREATED WITH RADIO AND CHEMOTHERAPY

Retrospectively, we analyzed the use of blood products in Oncological Clinic of Clinical Center Nis in the period November 1st 2007-November 1st 2008, and also the influence of the treatment on degree of anemia and thrombocytopenia and use of blood products. None of the patients received the whole blood. In this period, 324 patients received the transfusion of blood components, 302 patients received 983 units of red cells (red blood cell concentrate, resuspended, washed, filtered), 17 patients received 5050 ml of platelets (single-donor concentrate or pooled platelet concentrate) and 5 patients received 2200 ml of fresh frozen plasma. An average use of red cell transfusion is 3,26 units, platelet concentrate 5,54, fresh frozen plasma 2 units per oncological patient who receives transfusion. The use of red cell units and platelet concentrate transfusion was adequate (91,85% of patients received transfusion of red cells when Hgb<70g/l, 89,2% of patients received platelet concentrate transfusion when platelet count was less than 20 x109/l). During radio and chemotherapy we noticed a decrease of hematological parameter values, whereas the experimental group patients were dependent on blood product transfusion. Statistically, a significant decrease of hemoglobin level and platelet count was observed in the patients treated only with radiotherapy, who are the greatest consumers of blood products

Primer ensayo sobre la función ambiental de la propiedad

This essay has as main point the conceptual structure of property rights.\nThe relation between natural resources and in rem rights will be analyze, which will\nallow us to rethink the constitutive elements of classic property rights and harmonize\nthem with the environmental law. The reader will find ?as he continues reading?\nproperty rights which appear to be mixed with current rules and principles of environmental law. The effort is put in the reformulation of what we think constitutes\nthe third element of property: the environmental face. This element recognizes its cause\nin the so called ?social function of property?. It faces a particular grade of autonomy\nthat allows to raise it to the category of the closing element of the current meaning\nof property. In order to accomplish what it is proposed, we will take as reference two\nnatural resources as objects of private appropriation: water and floor, although we will\nalso talk about other natural resources contemplated in the part of the Civil Code destined\nto real rightsFil: Perez Pejcic, Gonzalo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho; ArgentinaEl siguiente ensayo tiene como punto axial la estructura conceptual del\nderecho de propiedad. Se propone a tal fin el análisis de los recursos naturales en su\nrelación con los derechos reales. Ello nos permitirá repensar el derecho clásico de\npropiedad (formado por dos elementos: el individual y el social) y armonizarlo con el\nordenamiento jurídico ambiental. El lector se encontrara ?a medida que avanza en la\nlectura? con un derecho de propiedad que aparece atravesado por las actuales normas\ny principios del derecho ambiental. De ahí que el esfuerzo se centra en la reformulación\nde la propiedad a través de lo que pensamos constituye su tercer elemento: la faz\nambiental. El elemento citado reconoce su causa en la llamada ?función social de la\npropiedad?. Sin embargo, lo ambiental se separa de la faz social alcanzando un grado\nde autonomía propio que permite elevarlo a la categoría de elemento de cierre respecto\ndel elemento individual y social, actualizando el concepto jurídico de propiedad. Para\nllevar a cabo lo expuesto, se tomara como referencia dos recursos de la naturaleza en\ntanto objeto de apropiación privada: el agua y el suelo. Sin perjuicio de referirnos a\nlos demás recursos naturales que aparecen contemplados en el Código Civil dentro del\nLibro destinado a los derechos reale

Understanding barium sulfate precipitation onto stainless steel

This paper investigates the influence of barium sulfate scaling and scaling inhibitors on the electrochemical behaviour of stainless steel. The results of a synchrotron radiation grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (SR-GIXRD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study on stainless steel shows that different scaling inhibitors interact uniquely with the substrate when barium sulfate is precipitated on the electrode surface. The main effect of the substrate in the presence of inhibitor is a tendency to form smaller barium sulfate particles. The SR-GIXRD patterns obtained in the presence of the two inhibitors were different to each other and to the control, with the carboxylate showing greater amounts of barite solids precipitated together with iron(III) and (II) sulfate, while the phosphonate showed low amounts of barite solid were precipitated. The presence of iron sulfates on the electrode surface as detected by SR-GIXRD, in the case of NTA, suggests that scaling inhibitors are not alwaysbenign, and can promote the dissolution of iron species from the substrate

La "sustancia" del objeto en el derecho real de usufructo

This paper is based on the duty of the grantee to preserve the substance of the subject-matter of an easement. To such effect, the analysis focuses on the legal and philosophical approach of the notion of "substance". Thus, "substance" is deemed as a "construction" of language that implies the "judgment" made by individuals of a community to set the material limits of reality. Therefore, altering the substance of the subject-matter of the easement is not equal to changing its "essence". Conversely, the subject-matter is altered when there is a "nominal" collective change undergoing whereby the individuals would no longer called it by the name socially assigned to identify it. This "nominal" change will be the result of what the community understands as "matter", "form", and "purpose" of the subject-matter -in case it has not been assigned by grantor- and as "impairment" in case of a right.Fil: Pérez Pejcic, Gonzalo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra de Derechos Reales. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Pérez Pejcic, Gonzalo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra de Obligaciones. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Pérez Pejcic, Gonzalo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra de Familia y Sucesiones. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Pérez Pejcic, Gonzalo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra de Derecho Inmobiliario. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Pérez Pejcic, Gonzalo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra de Teoría del Estado. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaEl trabajo parte del deber impuesto al usufructuario de conservar la "sustancia" del objeto sobre el cual se asienta su derecho real. A tales efectos, el análisis se centra en la comprensión ius-filosófica de la noción de "sustancia". Así, entendemos la palabra "sustancia" como un "constructo" elaborado por el lenguaje que explicita el "juicio de relevancia" llevado a cabo por los sujetos de una determinada comunidad para marcar los límites de la realidad física. De esta forma, alterar la sustancia de la cosa dada en usufructo no equivale a modificar su "esencia". Por el contrario, ella enfrenta su alteración cuando la cosa sufre "nominalmente" un cambio de manera tal que en el entendimiento colectivo ya no pueda ser nombrada bajo la palabra que socialmente se le ha asignado para identificarla. Este cambio "nominal" provendrá de lo que la comunidad entienda por "materia", "forma" y "destino" de la cosa -cuando este último no ha sido impuesto por el propietario- y por "menoscabo" cuando se trate de un derecho

Some notes on religion, speciesism and legal personhood

Nuestro objetivo es intentar mostrar que existe una línea de continuidad disimulada pero poderosa entre algunas de las ideas más centrales y nocivas de las religiones judeo-cristianas y el humanismo antropocéntrico. Ello, con el fin de advertir cómo esta genealogía, que da lugar a la afirmación de una excepcionalidad-superioridad del ser humano, incide decisivamente en la concepción y atribución de personalidad jurídica. A partir de dicho diagnóstico, propondremos un primer esbozo de reconstrucción de la personalidad desde una mirada antiespecista.Our aim is to try to show that it exists a hidden but strong continuity between some of the most essential and pernicious ideas of the judeo-christian religions and anthropocentric humanism. This, in order to convey how this genealogy, that affirms a human exceptionality-supremacy, contributes in a decisive way in the conception and awarding of legal personhood. From that, we will put forward a first draft of reconstruction of personhood from an anti-speciesist perspective.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Some notes on religion, speciesism and legal personhood

Nuestro objetivo es intentar mostrar que existe una línea de continuidad disimulada pero poderosa entre algunas de las ideas más centrales y nocivas de las religiones judeo-cristianas y el humanismo antropocéntrico. Ello, con el fin de advertir cómo esta genealogía, que da lugar a la afirmación de una excepcionalidad-superioridad del ser humano, incide decisivamente en la concepción y atribución de personalidad jurídica. A partir de dicho diagnóstico, propondremos un primer esbozo de reconstrucción de la personalidad desde una mirada antiespecista.Our aim is to try to show that it exists a hidden but strong continuity between some of the most essential and pernicious ideas of the judeo-christian religions and anthropocentric humanism. This, in order to convey how this genealogy, that affirms a human exceptionality-supremacy, contributes in a decisive way in the conception and awarding of legal personhood. From that, we will put forward a first draft of reconstruction of personhood from an anti-speciesist perspective.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia