152 research outputs found

    Indicios preliminares de variaciones ontogenéticas y espaciales en las señales isotópicas y elementales de otolitos de Solea solea del Golfo de León (Mediterráneo noroccidental)

    Get PDF
    Knowledge of fish life cycles is important for exploited species. In the Mediterranean Sea, catches of common sole (Solea solea) have fluctuated widely since the 1970s. Solea solea displays an ontogenetic shift in habitat: sole larvae are marine, juveniles inhabit shallow marine waters and coastal lagoons and adults inhabit deeper marine waters. Although the results of this study were obtained using only a small set of individuals, the otolith elemental composition and isotopic ratios were investigated for the three life stages (post-larval, juvenile and adult) in order to acquire a better knowledge of the variability in environmental conditions experienced by the common sole at each life stage in the NW Mediterranean. Moreover, this study provides the first evaluation of the potential of whole otolith microchemistry for investigating habitat connectivity in sole populations from the Gulf of Lions. The elemental and isotopic signatures of otoliths of post-larvae captured in various environments appear to show variations related to the River Rhône inputs (high Ba/Ca and low Sr/Ca ratios). Juveniles appear to show significant variations in otolith elemental and isotopic compositions depending not only on the physico-chemical properties of water in the nurseries they inhabit (Rhône River, Thau or Mauguio lagoons), but also as a result of variations in the chemical composition of their surrounding sediments and in their benthic prey. Adults exhibit otolith differences for isotopic ratios only, which is probably linked to the River Rhône inputs. Finally, several significant relationships were observed between otolith elemental composition and fish size in specimens captured at the River Rhône mouth. However, these variations seem to be an indication of the composition acquired in each environment rather than a sign of ontogeny.El conocimiento del ciclo de vida es importante para las especies comerciales de peces. En el mar Mediterráneo, las capturas de lenguado común (Solea solea) han fluctuado ampliamente desde la década de los 70. Solea solea presenta un cambio de hábitat ontogenético, las larvas son marinas, los juveniles viven en aguas marinas y en lagunas costeras, y los adultos viven en aguas marinas más profundas. Aunque los resultados de este estudio fueron obtenidos usando sólo un número pequeño de individuos, la composición de elemental los otolitos y las relaciones isotópicas fueron investigados en las tres etapas de vida (post-larval, juveniles y adultos) con el fin de adquirir un mejor conocimiento de la variabilidad en las condiciones ambientales que experimenta el lenguado común en cada etapa de la vida en el mediterráneo noroccidental. Por otra parte, este trabajo permite una primera evaluación del potencial de toda la microquímica de otolitos para la investigación de la conectividad del hábitat en las poblaciones de lenguado en el Golfo de León. Las señales elementales e isotópicos de los otolitos de las post-larvas capturadas en diferentes entornos muestran variaciones en relación a los materiales aportados por del río Ródano (alta relación Ba/Ca y baja relación Sr/Ca). Los juveniles parecen mostrar variaciones significativas en la composición elemental e isotópica de los otolitos dependiendo no sólo de las propiedades físico-químicas del agua en los viveros que habitan (Thau, Mauguio o el río Ródano), sino también como resultado de las variaciones en la composición química de los sedimentos circundantes y de su presa béntica. Los adultos presentan únicamente diferencias en las relaciones isotópicas de los otolitos, que está probablemente vinculado a por materiales aportados por el río Ródano. Por último, se observaron varias relaciones significativas entre la composición elemental de los otolitos y el tamaño de los peces en las muestras capturadas en la desembocadura del río Ródano. Sin embargo, estas variaciones parecen ser una indicación de la composición adquirida en cada entorno, más que ser debidas a la ontogenia

    Reconstruction of the formation history of the Darwin Mounds, N Rockall Trough: How the dynamics of a sandy contourite affected cold-water coral growth

    Get PDF
    Cold-water coral mounds, formed through a feed-back process of cold-water coral growth and sediment baffling, have been studied all along the NE Atlantic continental margin. However, major questions remain concerning their formation history, especially their initiation and early development in relation to the surrounding sediment dynamics. For the first time, two small mounds located in a sandy contourite have been cored from the top to mound base: here, the formation history of the Darwin Mounds, located in the Northern Rockall Trough was investigated and reconstructed from two piston cores using a multidisciplinary approach. This consisted of CT-scanning for quantifying coral density changes with depth, grain-size analysis to obtain the hydrodynamic trends and radiocarbon and U-series dating to place the results into a wider paleoceanographic context. The results show that the Darwin Mounds formed during the early Holocene (~ 10 ka BP) through sediment baffling, mainly by Lophelia pertusa. The initiation of both mounds shows a similar pattern of increased current velocities resulting in coarser sediment deposition and a relatively high coral density with a peak of 23 vol%. The mound growth was rapid between ~ 10–9.7 ka BP (up to 277 cm ka− 1 in one of the mounds), with further vibrant growth periods around ~ 8.8 ka BP, 6.5 ka BP and 3.4 ka BP. The demise of the mounds ca. ~ 3 ka BP was likely caused by an intensification in bottom current velocities causing a hostile environment for coral growth in the contourite setting. In a wider context, the development of the Darwin Mounds appears to have responded to the relative strength and position of the Subpolar Gyre, which affected food supply to the corals, sedimentation rates, current speeds and other water mass properties in the area

    Cadre climatique et environnemental des acheuléens de la grotte du Lazaret, à Nice. Données paléontologiques, biogéochimiques et radiométriques établies sur les faunes de vertébrés et d’invertébrés

    Get PDF
    L’évolution climatique et environnementale enregistrée dans la grotte du Lazaret a été établie à partir de l’étude des faunes des vertébrés (mammifères, amphibiens, reptiles) et des mollusques marins, et placée dans le cadre chronologique du Quaternaire. Les faunes de vertébrés permettent d’attribuer les dépôts archéologiques (complexe C) à la dernière période glaciaire du Pléistocène moyen (OIS 6). Leurs exigences écologiques mettent en évidence une certaine variété de paysages continentaux et un climat plus frais et plus humide que l’actuel climat méditerranéen. L’étude 18O‰ des mollusques marins d’origine anthropique a montré que lors du dépôt de ces formations continentales, la température de la Méditerranée était globalement plus froide que celle de la mer actuelle et surtout des mers transgressives des stades isotopiques 7 et 5e enregistrées dans le site et à proximité. La présence de littorines nordiques (L. fabalis et L. saxatilis) dans les ensembles stratigraphiques C II sup. et surtout C III, confirme ce refroidissement amorcé au stade 6,4, amplifié au stade 6,2 avec un petit adoucissement lors du dépôt de l’unité archéostratigraphique UA25 (stade 6,3). La méthode ESR/U-Th combinée appliquée à l’émail dentaire de cerfs confirme l’attribution de l’ensemble stratigraphique C II supérieur au stade isotopique 6 de l’oxygène. Les résultats sont compatibles avec les repères chronologiques sous et sus-jacents au complexe stratigraphique C, que constituent d’une part, le niveau marin B inférieur dont l’âge maximal est de 238 ka et d’autre part, le plancher stalagmitique supérieur E qui se serait formé au cours des stades isotopiques 5, 4 et 3 d’après les datations U-Th.The palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental evolution recorded within of the sedimentary sequence from the prehistoric cave of Lazaret has been established from the faunal studies carried out on large mammals, rodents, he rpetofauna and molluscs, as part of a well defined cultural and chronological framework. The fauna of the vertebrates shows that the archaeological deposits (Complex C) date from the last glacial period of the Middle Pleistocene (OIS 6). The fauna is representative of varied environments and of cooler and especially more humid conditions than the present Mediterranean climate. Relative proportions of species show clearly a cooling period towards the summit of the deposit. The 18O‰ study performed on small marine gastropods of an anthropogenic origin, has shown that at the time of continental formations, the temperature of the Mediterranean was globally colder than that of the present sea and especially that of transgressive phases at stages 7 and 5e recorded on site and in surrounding areas. The presence of Nordic littorinids (L. fabalis and L.  saxatilis) in the stratigraphic ensembles C II superior and especially C III, confirms this cooling initiated at stage 6.4, intensified at stage 6.2, with a mild warming up at the time of the deposit of the stratigraphical unit UA 25 (stage 6.3). The ESR/U-Th combined method applied to the tooth enamel of deer from archaeological levels of the stratigraphical ensemble C II superior of the excavations performed at the entrance and centre of the cave, allows us to consider the archaeological levels contemporary to OIS 6. The results are compatible with the chronological landmark adjacent below and above stratigraphical Complex C, which constitute, on the one hand, the marine level B inferior, whose age is more recent than 238 ka and on the other hand, the stalagmitic floor superior E which would have been formed during isotopic stages 5, 4 and 3 according to the U-Th dating

    Pleistocene eruptive chronology of the Gölcük volcano, Isparta Angle, Turkey. Chronologie des épisodes volcaniques pléistocènes du volcan Gölcük, Angle d’Isparta, Turquie

    Get PDF
    In the Eastern Mediterranean region, the Isparta volcanic belongs to the post-collisional alkali-potassic to ultrapotassic magmatism active since the Miocene in this part of the Anatolian peninsula from Afyon to Isparta. In the so-called Isparta Angle (IA) the magmatism is contemporaneous with an extensional regime intiated during Late Miocene and active throughout the Pliocene and Quaternary. Previous K/Ar dating performed on lavas suggested that potassic-ultrapotassic magmatism occurred between 4.7 to 4 Ma. However, a more recent (Quaternary) activity of the Gölcük volcano is evidenced by the present-day morphology and field evidence although it remained undated and poorly studied so far. Field mapping and new radiometric data indicate that the main volcano-forming stages of the Gölcük volcano consist of three main eruptives cycles. (1) Cycle I, represented by more than 200m-thick pyroclastic flow deposits occasionally separated by paleosoils and corresponding to caldera-forming ignimbritic eruptions. (2) Cycle II, consisting of tephriphonolite lava dome-flows extruded throughout the caldera and currently found along the rim of the present crater. (3) Cycle III made up of tuff-ring deposits related to several phreatoplinian eruptions of a maar-type volcanic activity. This youngest cycle ends with trachytic domes protruding within the maar crater. Unspiked 40K/40Ar dating on mesostasis was performed on lavas (tephriphonolites and trachytic domes), and complemented by preliminary 40Ar/39Ar data on tephra deposits (sanidine). Our preliminary results show that the entire activity of Gölcük volcano took place during the Pleistocene and was disconnected from the older Pliocene volcanism. This volcanic activity can be considered as a new volcanic cycle, starting (Cycle I) around 200 ka with major explosive, regional-scale, events represented by at least six ignimbrites sheets. Cycle II occurred between 115 ± 3 ka to 62 ± 2 ka with probably some associated tephra deposits. Tuff-ring of Cycle III formed from 72.7 ± 4.7 ka to 24 ± 2 ka. The associated phreatoplinian eruptions have almost entirely destroyed the previously formed flow-dome. This latest activity corresponds to several volcanic crises as illustrated by the two domes protrusions separated by about 30 ka. The volcanic history of Gölcük ceased around 24 ka ± 2 ka, but the periodicity of eruptive events appears to be long and complex. Currently, the volcano is at rest, but there is no doubt that the Isparta town (more than 120 000 people) built on top of the most recent tephra falls is exposed to a major volcanic hazard in the future.En Méditerranée Orientale, la région active d’Isparta est le siège d’un magmatisme alcalin lié à la distension affectant cette partie de la Péninsule Anatolienne depuis le Miocène supérieur. Le volcanisme Pliocène est alcalin et très potassique, depuis des magmas lamprophyriques à lamproïtiques, jusqu’à des téphriphonolites et des trachytes. La construction du volcan Gölcük au sud d’Isparta marque le début d’un nouveau cycle éruptif après une longue période d’arrêt et d’érosion. L’étude morpho-structurale du volcan couplée aux datations 40K/40Ar sur lave et 39Ar/40Ar sur monograin de feldspath-K indique une histoire éruptive complexe, nettement plus jeune que l’activité antérieure (Pliocène). Ces résultats préliminaires montrent que l’activité volcanique du Gölcük est située dans le Pléistocène supérieur (Paléolithique) entre environ 200 ka et 24 ka. Trois cycles volcaniques majeurs sont reconnus : (1) Cycle I débutant vers 200 ka avec des éruptions ignimbritiques majeures avec un ensemble de coulées pyroclastiques trachytiques comblant les paléo-vallées ouvertes dans les formations sédimentaires et les formations volcaniques d’âge pliocène ; (2) Cycle II avec un épisode effusif de faible importance succède entre 115 ± 3 ka et 62 ± 2 ka à l’activité explosive initiale avec la mise en place d’un édifice central constitué de dômes-coulées téphri-phonolitiques ; (3) Cycle III entre 70 ka et 24 ka, l’activité devient phréatoplinienne et suit de près le cycle précédent. Le dynamisme éruptif phréatomagmatique est celui d’un maar formé d’un large cratère d’explosion entouré d’un anneau de tufs. La dernière crise volcanique se termine par l’extrusion de plusieurs dômes de trachyte dans le cratère et de téphras associés, de nouvelles coulées pyroclastiques se mettent vraisemblablement en place vers le nord-ouest. Les données de terrain et les âges 40Ar/39Ar disponibles indiquent que ces dernières manifestations (construction du maar) sont très récentes et sub-contemporaines du dernier niveau de retombées ponceuses sous les immeubles de la ville et des dômes de lave intra-caldeira. Cet âge récent est confirmé par un âge 14C obtenu sur des bois carbonisés. La morphologie du volcan actuel est relativement bien conservée, malgré l’érosion très active qui remodèle déjà partiellement les pentes. La reprise éventuelle de l’activité du volcan constituerait un risque majeur à l’échelle de la région et en particulier pour la ville d’Isparta établie au pied de l’édifice, notamment sur les coulées pyroclastiques et les retombées ponceuses les plus récentes

    The great melting pot. Common sole population connectivity assessed by otolith and water fingerprints

    Get PDF
    Quantifying the scale and importance of individual dispersion between populations and life stages is a key challenge in marine ecology. The common sole (Solea solea), an important commercial flatfish in the North Sea, Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, has a marine pelagic larval stage, a benthic juvenile stage in coastal nurseries (lagoons, estuaries or shallow marine areas) and a benthic adult stage in deeper marine waters on the continental shelf. To date, the ecological connectivity among these life stages has been little assessed in the Mediterranean. Here, such an assessment is provided for the first time for the Gulf of Lions, NW Mediterranean, based on a dataset on otolith microchemistry and stable isotopic composition as indicators of the water masses inhabited by individual fish. Specifically, otolith Ba/Ca and Sr/Ca profiles, and delta C-13 and delta O-18 values of adults collected in four areas of the Gulf of Lions were compared with those of young-of-the-year collected in different coastal nurseries. Results showed that a high proportion of adults (>46%) were influenced by river inputs during their larval stage. Furthermore Sr/Ca ratios and the otolith length at one year of age revealed that most adults (similar to 70%) spent their juvenile stage in nurseries with high salinity, whereas the remainder used brackish environments. In total, data were consistent with the use of six nursery types, three with high salinity (marine areas and two types of highly saline lagoons) and three brackish (coastal areas near river mouths, and two types of brackish environments), all of which contributed to the replenishment of adult populations. These finding implicated panmixia in sole population in the Gulf of Lions and claimed for a habitat integrated management of fisherie

    South Atlantic intermediate water advances into the North-east Atlantic with reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the last glacial period

    Get PDF
    The Nd isotopic composition (epsilon Nd) of seawater and cold-water coral (CWC) samples from the Gulf of Cadiz and the Alboran Sea, at a depth of 280-827 m were investigated in order to constrain middepth water mass dynamics within the Gulf of Cadiz over the past 40 ka. epsilon Nd of glacial and Holocene CWC from the Alboran Sea and the northern Gulf of Cadiz reveals relatively constant values (-8.6 to -9.0 and -9.5 to -10.4, respectively). Such values are similar to those of the surrounding present-day middepth waters from the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW; epsilon Nd approximate to -9.4) and Mediterranean Sea Water (MSW; epsilon Nd approximate to -9.9). In contrast, glacial epsilon Nd values for CWC collected at thermocline depth (550-827 m) in the southern Gulf of Cadiz display a higher average value (-8.90.4) compared to the present-day value (-11.70.3). This implies a higher relative contribution of water masses of Mediterranean (MSW) or South Atlantic origin (East Antarctic Intermediate Water, EAAIW). Our study has produced the first evidence of significant radiogenic epsilon Nd values (approximate to -8) at 19, 23-24, and 27 ka, which are coeval with increasing iceberg discharges and a weakening of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Since MOW epsilon Nd values remained stable during the last glacial period, it is suggested that these radiogenic epsilon Nd values most likely reflect an enhanced northward propagation of glacial EAAIW into the eastern Atlantic Basin

    Les concentrations tungstifères et stannifères : caractérisations isotopiques (H-O) des fluides minéralisateurs, sur l’exemple du gisement Sn-W de Walmès (Maros Central) : détermination de quelques fractionnements isotopiques (H-O) entre minéraux et eau

    No full text
    Not availableL'étude des compositions isotopiques (H-O) des fluides impliqués dans les systèmes hydrothermaux de Walmès (Maroc Central) montre que trois types de fluides d'origines différentes ont circulé dans le bâti granitique, le réseau filonien et les roches métamorphiques. Le premier fluide est représenté par la déshydratation des métapelites et correspond à la transformation minéralogique de la chlorite en biotite et à une libération d'eau sous des conditions de pression et de température moyennes. Le second fluide qualifie de magmato-métamorphique est associé soit à une deuxième déshydratation des métapelites par déstabilisation de la muscovite soit au dégazage du magma. Ces fluides seraient responsables de la tourmalinisation intense des métapelites sous des conditions de températures supérieures à la première déshydratation. Le troisième fluide qui a pu être mis en évidence dans le réseau filonien est typiquement d'origine météorique. Six épisodes de circulations fluides ont été reconnus, dont trois sont responsables du dépôt des minéralisations d'étain et de tungstène de Walmès. Chaque évènement hydrothermal minéralisateur correspond à un mélange de fluides d'origines métamorphique et météorique favorisé par des variations de la pression des fluides. Les caractéristiques physico-chimiques du mélange de ces deux fluides sont propices à la précipitation de la cassitérite et/ou de la wolframit

    Apport des stalagmites pour l'étude de la grotte Chauvet : datations absolues U/Th (TIMS) et reconstitution paléoclimatique par les isotopes stables de la calcite

    No full text
    International audiencedes stalagmites pour l'étude de la grotte Chauvet : datations absolues U/Th (TIMS) et reconstitution paléoclimatique par les isotopes stables de la calcite. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 102, n°1, 2005. La grotte Chauvet à Vallon-Pont-d'Arc : un bilan des recherche
    corecore