A cross-sectional study of long-term satisfaction after surgery for congenital syndactyly:does skin grafting influence satisfaction?

Syndactyly correction without skin grafting is advocated because it prevents graft-related complications and donor site morbidity. In this cross-sectional study, we compared satisfaction among patients who underwent correction with and without skin grafting to determine preference based on subjective and objective parameters. Retrospective chart analysis was performed among 27 patients (49 webs) who were seen at follow-up after a median follow-up period of 7.4 years, at which the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, the Withey score and a satisfaction survey were used. Notably, there were no significant differences in complication rates or observer rated scar scores. Although the need for an additional surgical procedure was higher after skin grafting, patient-rated satisfaction scores were similar irrespective of the use of grafting. Our data suggest that corrections can best be performed without skin grafts if seeking to minimize the need for an additional procedure, but that the use of skin grafts does not appear to affect patient satisfaction. Level of evidence: IV

On subgroups in division rings of type 22

Let $D$ be a division ring with center $F$. We say that $D$ is a {\em division ring of type $2$} if for every two elements $x, y\in D,$ the division subring $F(x, y)$ is a finite dimensional vector space over $F$. In this paper we investigate multiplicative subgroups in such a ring.Comment: 10 pages, 0 figure

Comparison of lens- and fiber-coupled CCD detectors for X-ray computed tomography

Lens- and fiber-coupled X-ray detectors with identical CCD chips were compared in their performance in high-resolution computed tomography experiments

Global and Local Three-dimensional Studies of The Residual Vector Field from 2MASS and Hipparcos-2 Catalog

[EN] The Gaia mission will provide a six-parameter solution for millions of stars, including a tridimensional map of our Galaxy. The estimation of distances has been made for the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS), while to contrast the proper motions it is interesting to consider positions from the different Gaia Data Release with older ones given in ground-based massive catalogs. This process has been followed to build, for example, the PMA catalog using the 2MASS. Our aim is to improve the positions of this catalog (although the process is applicable to any other). The first stage, presented here, consists of carrying out a three-dimensional study using vector spherical harmonics (VSH) development of the systematisms in position for the stars common with Hipparcos-2; we take into account the distances, magnitudes, and spectral types. To this aim, we use linear polynomial regression of first order that fits vector fields and the derivatives of their components. We verify that the coefficients of the developments of first order have different behavior according to the characteristics of stars and distances. To deepen the study, we focus on the conservative component of the field, applying the Helmholtz theorem. Each potential function is obtained solving a Poisson equation on the sphere, after finding the divergence of the corresponding vector field. Both vector and potential fields present patterns, at certain points, that depend on the three considered parameters (distance, magnitude, and spectral type); their sources and shrinks correspond to maxima and minima. In this sense, we observe that these critical points are also critical points of the surface that represents the VT magnitude of Tycho-2, which makes sense because this catalog was used in the reduction of 2MASS positions. Finally, we selected some stars near the critical points of the vector fields and apply the adjustments obtained in the previous sections. The difference with the positions in DR1 allows us to compare the proper motions: those from the PMA and those induced after our corrections.This paper was partially supported by the UJI-B2016-18, 16I356 project.Marco Castillo, FJ.; Martínez Uso, MJ.; Lopez, J. (2019). Global and Local Three-dimensional Studies of The Residual Vector Field from 2MASS and Hipparcos-2 Catalog. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 131(998):1-22. https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/aaed5dS122131998Akhmetov, V. S., Fedorov, P. N., Velichko, A. B., & Shulga, V. M. (2017). The PMA Catalogue: 420 million positions and absolute proper motions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 469(1), 763-773. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx812Arenou, F., Luri, X., Babusiaux, C., Fabricius, C., Helmi, A., Robin, A. C., … Bragaglia, A. (2017). Gaia Data Release 1. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 599, A50. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629895Astraatmadja, T. L., & Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. (2016). ESTIMATING DISTANCES FROM PARALLAXES. II. PERFORMANCE OF BAYESIAN DISTANCE ESTIMATORS ON AGAIA-LIKE CATALOGUE. The Astrophysical Journal, 832(2), 137. doi:10.3847/0004-637x/832/2/137Astraatmadja, T. L., & Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. (2016). ESTIMATING DISTANCES FROM PARALLAXES. III. DISTANCES OF TWO MILLION STARS IN THEGaiaDR1 CATALOGUE. The Astrophysical Journal, 833(1), 119. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/1/119Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. (2015). Estimating Distances from Parallaxes. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 127(956), 994-1009. doi:10.1086/683116Davies, G. R., Lund, M. N., Miglio, A., Elsworth, Y., Kuszlewicz, J. S., North, T. S. H., … Schofield, M. (2017). Using red clump stars to correct theGaiaDR1 parallaxes. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 598, L4. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630066Gontcharov, G. A. (2017). Systematic error of the Gaia DR1 TGAS parallaxes from data for the red giant clump. Astronomy Letters, 43(8), 545-558. doi:10.1134/s1063773717060044Jeffreys, S. H. (1967). A Completeness Theorem for Expansions of a Vector Function in Spherical Harmonics. Geophysical Journal International, 12(5), 465-468. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.1967.tb03126.xLindegren, L., Lammers, U., Bastian, U., Hernández, J., Klioner, S., Hobbs, D., … Butkevich, A. (2016). GaiaData Release 1. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 595, A4. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201628714Lindegren, L., Lammers, U., Hobbs, D., O’Mullane, W., Bastian, U., & Hernández, J. (2012). The astrometric core solution for theGaiamission. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 538, A78. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117905Makarov, V. V., & Murphy, D. W. (2007). The Local Stellar Velocity Field via Vector Spherical Harmonics. The Astronomical Journal, 134(1), 367-375. doi:10.1086/518242Marco, F. J., Martínez, M. J., & López, J. A. (2004). A critical discussion on parametric and nonparametric regression methods applied to Hipparcos-FK5 residuals. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 418(3), 1159-1170. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034441Marco, F. J., Martínez, M. J., & López, J. A. (2013). Homogenization in compiling ICRF combined catalogs. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 558, A98. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321995Marco, F. J., Martínez, M. J., & López, J. A. (2015). APPLICATION OF VECTOR SPHERICAL HARMONICS AND KERNEL REGRESSION TO THE COMPUTATIONS OF OMM PARAMETERS. The Astronomical Journal, 149(4), 129. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/149/4/129Masry, E., & Jianqing Fan. (1997). Local Polynomial Estimation of Regression Functions for Mixing Processes. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 24(2), 165-179. doi:10.1111/1467-9469.00056Michalik, D., Lindegren, L., & Hobbs, D. (2015). TheTycho-Gaiaastrometric solution. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 574, A115. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425310Michalik, D., Lindegren, L., Hobbs, D., & Lammers, U. (2014). Joint astrometric solution of HIPPARCOS andGaia. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 571, A85. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201424606Mignard, F., & Klioner, S. (2012). Analysis of astrometric catalogues with vector spherical harmonics. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 547, A59. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219927De Ridder, J., Molenberghs, G., Eyer, L., & Aerts, C. (2016). Asteroseismic versusGaiadistances: A first comparison. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 595, L3. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629799Roeser, S., Demleitner, M., & Schilbach, E. (2010). THE PPMXL CATALOG OF POSITIONS AND PROPER MOTIONS ON THE ICRS. COMBINING USNO-B1.0 AND THE TWO MICRON ALL SKY SURVEY (2MASS). The Astronomical Journal, 139(6), 2440-2447. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/139/6/2440Röser, S., Schilbach, E., Schwan, H., Kharchenko, N. V., Piskunov, A. E., & Scholz, R.-D. (2008). PPM-Extended (PPMX) – a catalogue of positions and proper motions. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 488(1), 401-408. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809775Schönrich, R., & Aumer, M. (2017). Assessing distances and consistency of kinematics in Gaia/TGAS. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 472(4), 3979-3998. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2189Schwan, H. (2001). An analytical representation of the systematic differences HIPPARCOS-FK5. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 367(3), 1078-1086. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000521Simonoff, J. S. (1996). Smoothing Methods in Statistics. Springer Series in Statistics. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4026-6Skrutskie, M. F., Cutri, R. M., Stiening, R., Weinberg, M. D., Schneider, S., Carpenter, J. M., … Wheelock, S. (2006). The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). The Astronomical Journal, 131(2), 1163-1183. doi:10.1086/498708Stassun, K. G., & Torres, G. (2016). EVIDENCE FOR A SYSTEMATIC OFFSET OF −0.25 mas IN THE GAIA DR1 PARALLAXES. The Astrophysical Journal, 831(1), L6. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/831/1/l6Van Leeuwen, F. (2007). Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 474(2), 653-664. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357Van Leeuwen, F. (Ed.). (2007). Hipparcos, the New Reduction of the Raw Data. Astrophysics and Space Science Library. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6342-8Vityazev, V. V., & Tsvetkov, A. S. (2009). Analysis of the three-dimensional stellar velocity field using vector spherical functions. Astronomy Letters, 35(2), 100-113. doi:10.1134/s1063773709020042Vityazev, V. V., & Tsvetkov, A. S. (2011). Application of vector spherical harmonics for kinematic analysis of stars from zonal catalogues. Astronomy Letters, 37(12), 874-887. doi:10.1134/s1063773711120103Vityazev, V. V., & Tsvetkov, A. S. (2013). UCAC4: Stellar kinematics with vector spherical functions. Astronomische Nachrichten, 334(8), 760-768. doi:10.1002/asna.201311917Vityazev, V. V., & Tsvetkov, A. S. (2014). Intercomparison of kinematics derived from catalogues UCAC4, PPMXL and XPM with vector spherical harmonics. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 442(2), 1249-1264. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu953Vityazev, V. V., & Tsvetkov, A. S. (2015). Systematic differences between the positions and proper motions of stars from the PPMXL and UCAC4 catalogs. Astronomy Letters, 41(7), 317-333. doi:10.1134/s1063773715070063Vityazev, V. V., Tsvetkov, A. S., Petrov, S. D., Trofimov, D. A., & Kiyaev, V. I. (2017). Properties of the Tycho-2 catalogue from Gaia data release. Astronomy Letters, 43(11), 730-750. doi:10.1134/s106377371711007xVityazev, V. V., Tsvetkov, A. S., Bobylev, V. V., & Bajkova, A. T. (2017). Galactic Kinematics Derived From Data in the RAVE5, UCAC4, PPMXL, and Gaia TGAS Catalogs. Astrophysics, 60(4), 462-483. doi:10.1007/s10511-017-9499-0Vityazev, V. V., Tsvetkov, A. S., Petrov, S. D., & Trofimov, D. A. (2017). Comparison of XPM and UCAC4 catalogues in the galactic coordinate system. Astronomische Nachrichten, 338(4), 489-502. doi:10.1002/asna.201613220Zacharias, N., Finch, C., & Frouard, J. (2017). UCAC5: New Proper Motions UsingGaiaDR1. The Astronomical Journal, 153(4), 166. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa6196Zacharias, N., Finch, C. T., Girard, T. M., Henden, A., Bartlett, J. L., Monet, D. G., & Zacharias, M. I. (2013). THE FOURTH US NAVAL OBSERVATORY CCD ASTROGRAPH CATALOG (UCAC4). The Astronomical Journal, 145(2), 44. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/145/2/44Zacharias, N., Urban, S. E., Zacharias, M. I., Hall, D. M., Wycoff, G. L., Rafferty, T. J., … Winter, L. (2000). The First US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog. The Astronomical Journal, 120(4), 2131-2147. doi:10.1086/301563Zacharias, N., Urban, S. E., Zacharias, M. I., Wycoff, G. L., Hall, D. M., Monet, D. G., & Rafferty, T. J. (2004). The Second US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC2). The Astronomical Journal, 127(5), 3043-3059. doi:10.1086/386353Zinn, J. C., Huber, D., Pinsonneault, M. H., & Stello, D. (2017). Evidence for Spatially CorrelatedGaiaParallax Errors in theKeplerField. The Astrophysical Journal, 844(2), 166. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7c1

Human-computer collaboration for skin cancer recognition

The rapid increase in telemedicine coupled with recent advances in diagnostic artificial intelligence (AI) create the imperative to consider the opportunities and risks of inserting AI-based support into new paradigms of care. Here we build on recent achievements in the accuracy of image-based AI for skin cancer diagnosis to address the effects of varied representations of AI-based support across different levels of clinical expertise and multiple clinical workflows. We find that good quality AI-based support of clinical decision-making improves diagnostic accuracy over that of either AI or physicians alone, and that the least experienced clinicians gain the most from AI-based support. We further find that AI-based multiclass probabilities outperformed content-based image retrieval (CBIR) representations of AI in the mobile technology environment, and AI-based support had utility in simulations of second opinions and of telemedicine triage. In addition to demonstrating the potential benefits associated with good quality AI in the hands of non-expert clinicians, we find that faulty AI can mislead the entire spectrum of clinicians, including experts. Lastly, we show that insights derived from AI class-activation maps can inform improvements in human diagnosis. Together, our approach and findings offer a framework for future studies across the spectrum of image-based diagnostics to improve human-computer collaboration in clinical practice

Observation of two new Ξb−\Xi_b^- baryon resonances

Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the $\Xi_b^0 \pi^-$ mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment. In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content $bds$ are expected in this mass region: the spin-parity $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^+$ and $J^P=\frac{3}{2}^+$ states, denoted $\Xi_b^{\prime -}$ and $\Xi_b^{*-}$. Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass differences and the width of the heavier state to be $m(\Xi_b^{\prime -}) - m(\Xi_b^0) - m(\pi^{-}) = 3.653 \pm 0.018 \pm 0.006$ MeV$/c^2$, $m(\Xi_b^{*-}) - m(\Xi_b^0) - m(\pi^{-}) = 23.96 \pm 0.12 \pm 0.06$ MeV$/c^2$, $\Gamma(\Xi_b^{*-}) = 1.65 \pm 0.31 \pm 0.10$ MeV, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of $\Gamma(\Xi_b^{\prime -}) < 0.08$ MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative production rates of these states are also reported.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure

Measurement of the CP-violating phase \phi s in Bs->J/\psi\pi+\pi- decays

Measurement of the mixing-induced CP-violating phase phi_s in Bs decays is of prime importance in probing new physics. Here 7421 +/- 105 signal events from the dominantly CP-odd final state J/\psi pi+ pi- are selected in 1/fb of pp collision data collected at sqrt{s} = 7 TeV with the LHCb detector. A time-dependent fit to the data yields a value of phi_s=-0.019^{+0.173+0.004}_{-0.174-0.003} rad, consistent with the Standard Model expectation. No evidence of direct CP violation is found.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures; minor revisions on May 23, 201

Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B0→K∗0μ+μ−

The angular distribution and differential branching fraction of the decay B 0→ K ∗0 μ + μ − are studied using a data sample, collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1. Several angular observables are measured in bins of the dimuon invariant mass squared, q 2. A first measurement of the zero-crossing point of the forward-backward asymmetry of the dimuon system is also presented. The zero-crossing point is measured to be q20=4.9±0.9GeV2/c4 , where the uncertainty is the sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions

Observation of associated production of a ZZ boson with a DD meson in the~forward region

A search for associated production of a $Z$ boson with an open charm meson is presented using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\,\mathrm{fb}^{-`}$ of proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7\,TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. %% Seven candidate events for associated production of a $Z$ boson with a $D^0$ meson and four candidate events for a $Z$ boson with a $D^+$ meson are observed with a combined significance of 5.1standard deviations. The production cross-sections in the forward region are measured to be $$\sigma_{Z\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-\!,D^0} = 2.50\pm1.12\pm0.22pb$$ $$\sigma_{Z\rightarrow\mu^+\mu^-\!,D^+} = 0.44\pm0.23\pm0.03pb,$$ where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure