Bioinsumos e Investigación Acción Participativa en el cinturón verde de Córdoba

El “Equipo Interinstitucional de apoyo a la Intensificación Ecológica para la Producción de Alimentos de Proximidad” desarrolla Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) con productores del cinturón verde de Córdoba (CVC) para la transición hacia sistemas agroecológicos como proceso de construcción de conocimiento para la innovación continua. Mediante un enfoque integral y transdisciplinar se trabaja en equipos compuestos por investigadores, extensionistas y productores. Esta experiencia se realizó en la unidad productiva agroecológica del Sr. Horacio Campo con la aplicación de enmienda orgánica “bokashi” en frutilla para evaluar el efecto sobre el suelo y sobre el cultivo. El conocimiento generado motivó al Sr. Horacio Rial, a probar “bokashi” y compost comercial en lechuga para evaluar su efecto sobre la sanidad del cultivo. Este trabajo presenta el proceso y reflexiones sobre la experiencia.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Ruggia, Ornela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia de Extensión Rural Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Narmona, Luis. Fundación ArgenINTA. Delegación IFFIVE. Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Silbert, Violeta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología. Industrial - Córdoba (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Bianco, María Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Serri, Dannae Lilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Yosviak, Maria Iohanna. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia De Extensión Rural Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Campo, Horacio. Productor del Cinturón Verde de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Rial, Horacio. Productor del Cinturón Verde de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Vargas Gil, Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentin

Enmienda Orgánica de Suelo y su Efecto Sobre el Cultivo de Lechuga

En el marco de las actividades de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) con productores del cinturón verde de Córdoba para la transición hacia sistemas productivos agroecológicos como proceso de innovación y mejora continua; se inició una experiencia de IAP con el objetivo de evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de 3 enmiendas orgánicas que incluyen 2 formulaciones de bocashi sobre la germinación y/o desarrollo de plantas de lechuga bajo condiciones controladas de invernadero y en contraste con un compost comercial. Se evidenció una marcada disminución del poder germinativo dependiente de la formulación y dosis de bocashi empleada. El bocashi elaborado con estiércol de gallina logró igualar el efecto del compost comercial generando plantas con mayor número de hojas y mayor peso seco al momento de la cosecha. En conclusión, la aplicación de bocashi favorece el desarrollo del cultivo de lechuga dependiendo de la composición y dosis empleada tanto al momento de la germinación como en etapas posteriores del desarrollo.Within the framework of the activities of Participatory Action Research (IAP) with farmers of the green belt of Córdoba for the transition to agroecological production systems as a process of innovation and continuous improvement; an IAP experience was initiated with the objective of evaluate the effects of the application of three organic fertilizer: two bocashi formulations on the germination and development of lettuce plants under controlled greenhouse conditions and in contrast to a commercial compost. There was a marked decrease in the germinative index dependent on the formulation and the dose of bocashi used. The fertilizer generated from chicken dung managed to equalize the effect of the commercial compost, giving plants with a higher number of leaves and dry weight at the time of harvest. In conclusion, the application of bocashi could favor the lettuce growing depending on the composition and the dose used both at the time of germination and in later stages of development.Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos VegetalesFil: Bianco, María Veronica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Fagiani, Miguel Ángel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Campos, Horacio. Productor agroecológico de Colonia Tirolesa; ArgentinaFil: Yosviak, Maria Iohanna. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia De Extensión Rural Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Nacira Belen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales; ArgentinaFil: Ruggia, Ornela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi. Agencia de Extensión Rural Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Serri, Dannae Lilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bernardi Lima, Nelson. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina.Fil: Arguello Caro, Evangelina Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Narmona, Luis. Fundación ArgenINTA. Delegación IFFIVE. Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Silbert, Violeta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología. Industrial - Córdoba (INTI); Argentin

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

The Role of Globularia alypum Explored Ex Vivo In Vitro on Human Colon Biopsies from Ulcerative Colitis Patients

: The existing literature indicates that Globularia alypum L. (GA) influences inflammation and oxidative stress modulation in rats and in vitro. The present study aims to investigate the effects of this plant in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and normal controls. In our experiments, we pretreated colon biopsies from 46 UC patients and normal controls with GA leaves aqueous extract (GAAE) used at two concentrations (50 and 100 µg/mL) for 3 h, followed by Lipopolysaccharides (from Escherichia coli) stimulation. We analyzed the effects on inflammation by studying the cyclo-oxygenase-2, the intercellular adhesion molecule-1, the nuclear factor kappa B, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression. Moreover, we assessed the levels of interleukin 6, the superoxide dismutase activity, and nitric oxide release in the supernatant of cultures. Our data showed that GAAE influences UC patients and normal controls for most studied markers and enzymes. These results acknowledge, with some scientific evidence, the traditional belief in the anti-inflammatory properties of GA and represent the first demonstration of its effect in a human in vitro model of inflammatory conditions

Photochromic and photomechanical responses of an amorphous diarylethene-based polymer: a spectroscopic ellipsometry investigation of ultrathin films

This work deals with very thin (14-40 nm) films of a polyester containing diarylethene units in the main chain spin cast on a silicon wafer. By irradiation with UV light the colourless form turns blue due to the appearance of a strong absorption band centred at about 600 nm. The coloured state is thermally stable and the backward conversion can be triggered with visible light. Comparison of broadband (245-1700 nm) spectroscopic ellipsometry data with simulations based on an isotropic, Kramers???Kronig consistent, multiple-resonance model allowed us to determine the complex index of refraction n of the film in its blue and colourless forms. The refractive index of the blue phase neatly exceeds that of the transparent form for wavelengths in the NIR. In particular, out of resonance, at lambda 1700 nm, DeltaRe(n) 0.05. Parallel to the DeltaRe(n) increase, the analysis of ellipsometry data suggests a decrease of the film thickness (about 1.5%) during the transition from the open (transparent) to the closed (coloured) form

Photochromic and photomechanical responses of an amorphous diarylethene-based polymer: a spectroscopic ellipsometry investigation of ultrathin films

This work deals with very thin (14-40 nm) films of a polyester containing diarylethene units in the main chain spin cast on a silicon wafer. By irradiation with UV light the colourless form turns blue due to the appearance of a strong absorption band centred at about 600 nm. The coloured state is thermally stable and the backward conversion can be triggered with visible light. Comparison of broadband (245-1700 nm) spectroscopic ellipsometry data with simulations based on an isotropic, Kramers???Kronig consistent, multiple-resonance model allowed us to determine the complex index of refraction n of the film in its blue and colourless forms. The refractive index of the blue phase neatly exceeds that of the transparent form for wavelengths in the NIR. In particular, out of resonance, at lambda 1700 nm, DeltaRe(n) 0.05. Parallel to the DeltaRe(n) increase, the analysis of ellipsometry data suggests a decrease of the film thickness (about 1.5%) during the transition from the open (transparent) to the closed (coloured) form

Molecular monolayer structure investigations by scanning tunneling microscopy.

Molecular monolayer structure investigations have been performed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) on self-assembled systems made of dotriacontane, stearic acid, tetracosanoic acid and octadecylmercaptane adsorbed on graphite. High-resolution voltage-bias dependent STM images have been obtained and conditions for optimal image contrast are discussed. A correction procedure to minimize scanning-induced geometrical distortion has been successfully applied on dotriacontane and octadecylmercaptane images

Genetic ablation of homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 selectively induces apoptosis of cerebellar Purkinje cells during adulthood and generates an ataxic-like phenotype

Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) is a multitalented coregulator of an increasing number of transcription factors and cofactors involved in cell death and proliferation in several organs and systems. As Hipk2−/− mice show behavioral abnormalities consistent with cerebellar dysfunction, we investigated whether Hipk2 is involved in these neurological symptoms. To this aim, we characterized the postnatal developmental expression profile of Hipk2 in the brain cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum of mice by real-time PCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Notably, we found that whereas in the brain cortex, hippocampus, and striatum, HIPK2 expression progressively decreased with age, that is, from postnatal day 1 to adulthood, it increased in the cerebellum. Interestingly, mice lacking Hipk2 displayed atrophic lobules and a visibly smaller cerebellum than did wild-type mice. More important, the cerebellum of Hipk2−/− mice showed a strong reduction in cerebellar Purkinje neurons during adulthood. Such reduction is due to the activation of an apoptotic process associated with a compromised proteasomal function followed by an unpredicted accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. In particular, Purkinje cell dysfunction was characterized by a strong accumulation of ubiquitinated β-catenin. Moreover, our behavioral tests showed that Hipk2−/− mice displayed muscle and balance impairment, indicative of Hipk2 involvement in cerebellar function. Taken together, these results indicate that Hipk2 exerts a relevant role in the survival of cerebellar Purkinje cells and that Hipk2 genetic ablation generates cerebellar dysfunction compatible with an ataxic-like phenotype