Analysis of adverse drug reactions of antimicrobial agents reported to ADR monitoring centre of a rural tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: ADRs are iatrogenic diseases, escalates the burden of health care system by increasing the morbidity and mortality and also additional cost of ADRs management to patients.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 1 year from January 2015 to December 2015. The yellow forms dropped in the red ADR boxes are collected and ADRs due to antimicrobials were analyzed for demographic data, causality, severity, drugs implicated, and organ system affected. The data were presented as counts and percentages.Results: Cephalosporins were the most common antimicrobial class implicated in ADRs, and the dermatological system was the most common system affected by ADRs. All the reactions either belonged to the probable or possible category. Majority of reactions were non-serious.Conclusions: Regular prescription auditing and awareness about polypharmacy will further reduce ADRs due to antimicrobials

Understanding friendship and learning networks of international and host students using longitudinal Social Network Analysis

While the number of international students travelling abroad for higher education constantly increases, it has been recognised among educators that international students have difficulty adjusting to their host educational environment. Past research indicates that international students’ personal ties with other international, home and host students can influence their cross-cultural adjustment to their new environment. Drawing from cross-cultural, educational science and social network research, we conducted a longitudinal study using dynamic social network analyses into how 485 international and 107 host students build learning and work relationships at both bachelor and post-graduate level. Results indicate that students from different cultural backgrounds develop dissimilar co-national and international friendships and learning relationships over time. Additionally, in contrast to previous findings our MRQAP and multiple regression analyses indicate that social interactions among international and host students did not become more intertwined over time. However, active (mixed) group activities (temporarily) increase cross-cultural interaction, indicating that institutions can play an active role in improving cross-cultural adjustment

From dilemmatic struggle to legitimized indifference: expatriates' host country language learning and its impact on the expatriate-HCE relationship

We address the lack of knowledge concerning the role of host country languages in multinational corporations based on an inductive qualitative study involving 70 interviews with Nordic expatriates and host country employees (HCE) in China. Building on the strongly discrepant views of expatriates and HCEs, we demonstrate how expatriates’ willingness to learn and use the host country language lead to different types of expatriate-HCE relationships, ranging from harmonious to distant or segregated. In doing so, we emphasize the subtle and fragile connection between expatriates’ attitude towards HCEs’ mother tongue and trust formation in addition to the construction of superiority-inferiority relationships

Does It Really Work? Re-Assessing the Impact of Pre-Departure Cross-Cultural Training on Expatriate Adjustment

Cultural adjustment is considered to be a prerequisite for expatriate success abroad. One way to enhance adjustment is to provide employees with knowledge and awareness of appropriate norms and behaviors of the host country through cross-cultural training (CCT). This article analyzes the impact of pre-departure CCT on expatriate adjustment and focuses on variations in participation, length and the comprehensiveness of training. Unlike previous research, the study focuses on the effectiveness of pre-departure CCT for non-US employees expatriated to a broad range of host country settings. Employing data from 339 expatriates from 20 German Multinational Corporations (MNCs) the study finds CCT has little if any effect on general, interactional or work setting expatriate adjustment. However, a significant impact of foreign language competence was found for all three dimensions of expatriate adjustment. We used interviews with 20 expatriates to supplement our discussion and provide further implications for practice

Determinants of transnational social capital: opportunity–investment–ability perspective

This study suggests that it is critical for executives todeveloptransnational social capital(TSC), or professionalrelationships and ties that span national borders. We firstprovide a conceptual framework and careful operationaliza-tion of TSC that differentiates between bonding and bridg-ing forms of social capital. We then examine the effect ofthree key determinants—opportunity, investment and abil-ity—on the TSC of executives. Using detailed survey dataon 227 executives, our analysis suggests that internationalexperience, investment in communicating with cross-borderties and cosmopolitan ability have direct effects on overallTSC. We further demonstrate that international experienceand cosmopolitan ability affect both bridging and bonding,but that investment in cross-border communication onlyaffects bridging social capital. The study proposes thatsocial capital is becoming more and more transnational asconnections, interactions and transactions increasingly spannational borders, which has implications for internationalbusiness and human resource management. Given our find-ings, it would make sense for global organizations to paymore attention to these, if they would like their membersto develop this resource. We point out benefits to organiza-tions and individuals

Improving the rigor of quantitative HRD research: Four recommendations in support of the general hierarchy of evidence

Editorial for the Human Resource Development Quarterly journal

New, simple and cheap alternative to troponin test for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

628-630Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is often a fatal disorder in humans seen throughout the world. It was earlier diagnosed with some serum enzymes like aspartate transaminase, creatine phosphokinase and its isoenzyme CPK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase which were shown to be increased in AMI. However, in the last few years importance has been given to measuring serum troponins released from the injured myocardium toconfirm an AMI. Troponin estimation involves immunological technique, which is expensive with other associated problems like shelf life of reagents, number of samples to be analysed ,and availability of the kit itself, used for estimation. Under these circumstances the present work involves the measurements of total salt soluble proteins which are proteins associated with troponins also released from myocardium of a patient with AMI. This new test overrules all the disadvantages of the troponin test but seems equally viable and useful for diagnosis of AMI.</span