Reflexiones a cerca de la enseñanza de procesos migratorios a niños pequeños

Este artículo retoma la ponencia presentada en las XIV Jornadas Interescuelas de Historia, 2013, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina. Agradecemos la lectura crítica y los aportes de la Lic. Alina Larramendy así como el trabajo compartido con los maestros.This article aims at analyzing how young children learn about migratory processes while focusing on didactic conditions and objectives to ease their understanding. For the development of these concepts didactic strategies drawn up by teachers in training schools are consideredThe article suggests revising the usual treatment of this subject and its different meanings and questions some of the pre-established current ideas. Analyzing the didactic conditions seeks to elucidate the criteria adopted in some classrooms so as to be able to transcend single case studies and suggest general reflections that might lead to designing new proposals

Hydration Structures on γ-Alumina Surfaces With and Without Electrolytes Probed by Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations

A wide range of systems, both engineered and natural, feature aqueous electrolyte solutions at interfaces. In this study, the structure and dynamics of water at the two prevalent crystallographic terminations of gamma-alumina, [110] and [100], and the influence of salts─sodium chloride, ammonium acetate, barium acetate, and barium nitrate on such properties─were investigated using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The resulting interfacial phenomena were quantified from simulation trajectories via atomic density profiles, angle probability distributions, residence times, 2-D density distributions within the hydration layers, and hydrogen bond density profiles. Analysis and interpretation of the results are supported by simulation snapshots. Taken together, our results show stronger interaction and closer association of water with the [110] surface, compared to [100], while ion-induced disruption of interfacial water structure was more prevalent at the [100] surface. For the latter, a stronger association of cations is observed, namely sodium and ammonium, and ion adsorption appears determined by their size. The differences in surface-water interactions between the two terminations are linked to their respective surface features and distributions of surface groups, with atomistic-scale roughness of the [110] surface promoting closer association of interfacial water. The results highlight the fundamental role of surface characteristics in determining surface-water interactions, and the resulting effects on ion-surface and ion-water interactions. Since the two terminations of gamma-alumina considered represent interfaces of significance to numerous industrial applications, the results provide insights relevant for catalyst preparation and adsorption-based water treatment, among other applications

Interactions between γ-alumina surfaces in water and aqueous salt solutions

Particle agglomeration is relevant to numerous industrial applications and consumer products. The present work explores interactions between and agglomeration of gamma (γ)-alumina nanoparticles in pure water and dilute aqueous salt solutions. To characterize surface- and salt-specific effects, potential of mean force (PMF) profiles between γ-alumina surfaces ([110] and [100] facets) are extracted using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Supporting experiments are conducted using dynamic light scattering (DLS) to investigate agglomeration at the macroscale. The ion pairs considered are sodium chloride, ammonium acetate, barium nitrate, and barium acetate; sampling a broad range of the Hofmeister series. As particle surfaces approach contact, free-energy fluctuations of the PMF profiles reflect structural adjustments of the intervening aqueous phase. We extract values for the cohesive energy from the MD results, and parse the resultant effective pair interactions into van der Waals and electrostatic contributions. Molecular scale findings from simulations correlate with hydrodynamic radii of γ-alumina nanoparticles, obtained from DLS experiments. The results highlight the applicability of molecular simulations to identify the origins of macroscale observables

La valutazione della genitorialità. una ricerca esplorativa, per capire come venga vissuta da un gruppo di cittadini romani

This paper reports the data of an exploratory research conducted with a group of Roman citizens who were asked what they thought about the possibility of assessing the parenting of families considered at risk over the parental expertise. Citizens were interviewed and the interviews were submitted to AET, Emotional Analysis of the Text. Assessing parenting often involves families with internal conflicts. We think the conflict is not only there. Conflicts also cross the theoretical, legal, and political hypotheses, which base the opportunity to intervene within the issues involved in parental evaluation. They are also found in the relationship between families and services. Legal and sociological literature advise the presence of these conflicts and discuss the issues; whereas the psychological and psychiatric one is focused on the application of techniques, whether they are evaluation, psychotherapy, re-education. This perspective does not consider the conflicting complexity which founds the parental evaluation, but it is focused only on the family. We were interested in analysing, in this context, what is the citizens’ perception of the evaluation of parenting, who are their potential customers and users; in particular, if and how these conflictual dynamics are perceived by them. After the analysis of the interview, the data outline three cultures. One proposes the traditional Italian family, the feminised family and designated to the care of members in difficulty within the home wall; family today in a strong crisis within processes of change. Another proposes the centrality of the court and the legal culture, founded on evaluations and resolving actions that often can result in child custody actions. These two cultures contrast: when the traditional family is missing, the court appears. There is no counseling which concerns the changes of the family. Psychological and neuropsychiatric counseling agencies do not appear in the data, except for social services, in any case subordinated to the court. A third culture proposes an “ideal” adult, who with balance and reflection skills, has to face a fearful context, but it is an isolated individual, without a relational context of reference. This culture seems to opposite the dissolution of relational contexts – state, organizations, family – to the idealized individual, self-determined and alone. The development of psychological function in the assessment of parenting concerns two aspects: the importance of studying the complexity of the social mandate and the intervention with the conflicting relationships of the family and of all the other actors involved

Multiwavelength monitoring of a very active dwarf nova AX J1549.8-5416 with an unusually high duty cycle

We present new optical, UV and X-ray observations of a highly variable dwarf nova(DN) AX J1549.8-5416. The multiwavelength analysis of three mini-outbursts and one normal outburst represent one of the most complete multiwavelength studies of a DN and help to refine the relationship between the X-ray, UV and optical emission in this system. We find that the UV emission is delayed the optical (1.0-5.4 days) during the rising phase of the outburst. The X-ray emission is suppressed during the peak of the optical outburst and recovers during the end of the outburst. We also analyse archival Swift, Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the source. Our estimated high duty cycle suggests the X-ray luminosity of this source should be larger than 10E32 erg/s in quiescence. We find a roughly anti-correlation between X-ray and UV flux. The X-ray spectra of XMM-Newton and Chandra can be well described either by a single temperature thermal plasma model or by an isobaric cooling flow model when its X-ray flux is high.Fil: Zhang, Guobao. New York University Abu Dhabi; Emiratos Arabes UnidosFil: Gelfand, Joseph D.. New York University Abu Dhabi; Emiratos Arabes UnidosFil: Russell, David M.. New York University Abu Dhabi; Emiratos Arabes UnidosFil: Lewis, Fraser. Cardiff University; Reino UnidoFil: Masetti, Nicola. Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica; ItaliaFil: Bernardini, Federico. New York University Abu Dhabi; Emiratos Arabes UnidosFil: Andruchow, Ileana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Zibecchi, Lorena Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaThe X-ray Universe 2017RomaItaliaEuropean Space AgencyXMM Newton Science CenterNational Institute for AstrophysicsItalian Space AgencyUniversity Roma TreLa Sapienza Universit

Epigenetically silenced miR-34b/c as a novel faecal-based screening marker for colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs are tiny non-coding small endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression by translational repression, mRNA cleavage and mRNA inhibition. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypermethylation of miR-34b/c and miR-148a in colorectal cancer, and correlate this data to clinicopathological features. We also aimed to evaluate the hypermethylation of miR-34b/c in faeces specimens as a novel non-invasive faecal-DNA-based screening marker. METHODS: The 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment and methylation-specific PCR were carried out to detect the hypermethylation of miR-34b/c and miR-148a. RESULTS: The miR-34b/c hypermethylation was found in 97.5% (79 out of 82) of primary colorectal tumours, P=0.0110. In 75% (21 out of 28) of faecal specimens we found a hypermethylation of miR-34b/c while only in 16% (2 out of 12) of high-grade dysplasia. In addition, miR-148a was found to be hypermethylated in 65% (51 out of 78) of colorectal tumour tissues with no significant correlation to clinicopathological features. However, a trend with female gender and advanced age was found, P=0.083. We also observed a trend to lower survival rate in patients with miR-148a hypermethylation with 10-year survival probability: 48 vs 65%, P=0.561. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that aberrant hypermethylation of miR-34b/c could be an ideal class of early screening marker, whereas miR-148a could serve as a disease progression follow-up marker

"Delirium Day": A nationwide point prevalence study of delirium in older hospitalized patients using an easy standardized diagnostic tool

Background: To date, delirium prevalence in adult acute hospital populations has been estimated generally from pooled findings of single-center studies and/or among specific patient populations. Furthermore, the number of participants in these studies has not exceeded a few hundred. To overcome these limitations, we have determined, in a multicenter study, the prevalence of delirium over a single day among a large population of patients admitted to acute and rehabilitation hospital wards in Italy. Methods: This is a point prevalence study (called "Delirium Day") including 1867 older patients (aged 65 years or more) across 108 acute and 12 rehabilitation wards in Italian hospitals. Delirium was assessed on the same day in all patients using the 4AT, a validated and briefly administered tool which does not require training. We also collected data regarding motoric subtypes of delirium, functional and nutritional status, dementia, comorbidity, medications, feeding tubes, peripheral venous and urinary catheters, and physical restraints. Results: The mean sample age was 82.0 ± 7.5 years (58 % female). Overall, 429 patients (22.9 %) had delirium. Hypoactive was the commonest subtype (132/344 patients, 38.5 %), followed by mixed, hyperactive, and nonmotoric delirium. The prevalence was highest in Neurology (28.5 %) and Geriatrics (24.7 %), lowest in Rehabilitation (14.0 %), and intermediate in Orthopedic (20.6 %) and Internal Medicine wards (21.4 %). In a multivariable logistic regression, age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.05), Activities of Daily Living dependence (OR 1.19, 95 % CI 1.12-1.27), dementia (OR 3.25, 95 % CI 2.41-4.38), malnutrition (OR 2.01, 95 % CI 1.29-3.14), and use of antipsychotics (OR 2.03, 95 % CI 1.45-2.82), feeding tubes (OR 2.51, 95 % CI 1.11-5.66), peripheral venous catheters (OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.06-1.87), urinary catheters (OR 1.73, 95 % CI 1.30-2.29), and physical restraints (OR 1.84, 95 % CI 1.40-2.40) were associated with delirium. Admission to Neurology wards was also associated with delirium (OR 2.00, 95 % CI 1.29-3.14), while admission to other settings was not. Conclusions: Delirium occurred in more than one out of five patients in acute and rehabilitation hospital wards. Prevalence was highest in Neurology and lowest in Rehabilitation divisions. The "Delirium Day" project might become a useful method to assess delirium across hospital settings and a benchmarking platform for future surveys

Identification of 12 new susceptibility loci for different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer.

To identify common alleles associated with different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we pooled data from multiple genome-wide genotyping projects totaling 25,509 EOC cases and 40,941 controls. We identified nine new susceptibility loci for different EOC histotypes: six for serous EOC histotypes (3q28, 4q32.3, 8q21.11, 10q24.33, 18q11.2 and 22q12.1), two for mucinous EOC (3q22.3 and 9q31.1) and one for endometrioid EOC (5q12.3). We then performed meta-analysis on the results for high-grade serous ovarian cancer with the results from analysis of 31,448 BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, including 3,887 mutation carriers with EOC. This identified three additional susceptibility loci at 2q13, 8q24.1 and 12q24.31. Integrated analyses of genes and regulatory biofeatures at each locus predicted candidate susceptibility genes, including OBFC1, a new candidate susceptibility gene for low-grade and borderline serous EOC

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity