Ambiente construído e mobilidade em cidades de média dimensão

A relação entre as características do ambiente construído e a mobilidade dos habitantes tem sido amplamente estudada. No entanto, a maioria desta investigação tem-se debruçado sobre contextos metropolitanos, e pouco se sabe sobre esta relação nas cidades de média dimensão, as quais possuem características de mobilidade muito próprias. Por um lado, a sua dimensão reduzida permite que grande parte das deslocações possa ser realizada a pé, mas por outro, o reduzido nível de tráfego e a fraca oferta de transportes públicos promovem as deslocações em veículo individual. Este artigo foca-se na relação entre características do ambiente construído e a mobilidade da população no contexto de cidades médias portuguesas, designadamente Castelo Branco, Faro, Santarém e Vila Real. Os dados resultam de um inquérito à mobilidade nas 4 cidades, com cerca de 4500 indivíduos, e de cálculos de indicadores para descrever as características do ambiente construído, designadamente a densidade, diversidade, design e acessibilidade. Os resultados das análises estatísticas reforçam a importância do ambiente construído como estímulo para uma mobilidade urbana mais sustentável.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Relatório da mobilidade interna do território da comunidade intermunicipal das Terras de Trás-os-Montes

Este documento corresponde ao Relatório da Mobilidade Interna do Território da Comunidade Intermunicipal das Terras de Trás-os-Montes, solicitado pelo Eixo Atlântico do Noroeste Peninsular, tendo em vista a atualização da Agenda Estratégica dos Territórios de Fronteira Transmontana elaborada em 2013, e visa, essencialmente, proceder a uma sistematização e atualização do conhecimento disponível no domínio das infraestruturas de acessibilidade e de transportes com relevância para a formatação do território da Comunidade Intermunicipal das Terras de Trás-os-Montes (CIM-TTM) e do seu sistema urbano

The future of the EU Cohesion policy and the Europe 2020 strategy: from a place-based approach to a blind territorial logic?

Cohesion Policy is one of the most important policies of the European Union and historically one of the most financially significant. Over the past four decades, the focus, strategies and goals of Cohesion Policy have experienced significant changes. With the increased importance of economic growth and job creation in the 2000’s, supported by the Lisbon Strategy, cohesion started losing importance and the initial objectives of promoting regional development and reducing disparities between regions have been progressively replaced by others, such as promoting growth and employment. Based on the Portuguese experience in the design and programming of its operational programs, the study emphasizes the connections, divergences and dilemmas between Cohesion Policy and the Europe 2020 Strategy objectives and presents some contributions to the debate about the future of Cohesion Policy and Europe 2020 Strategy in order to minimize the risks of evolving from a place-based approach to a more blind territorial logic

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume II: DUNE Physics

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume II of this TDR, DUNE Physics, describes the array of identified scientific opportunities and key goals. Crucially, we also report our best current understanding of the capability of DUNE to realize these goals, along with the detailed arguments and investigations on which this understanding is based. This TDR volume documents the scientific basis underlying the conception and design of the LBNF/DUNE experimental configurations. As a result, the description of DUNE's experimental capabilities constitutes the bulk of the document. Key linkages between requirements for successful execution of the physics program and primary specifications of the experimental configurations are drawn and summarized. This document also serves a wider purpose as a statement on the scientific potential of DUNE as a central component within a global program of frontier theoretical and experimental particle physics research. Thus, the presentation also aims to serve as a resource for the particle physics community at large

Association of Country Income Level With the Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients Hospitalized With Acute Kidney Injury and COVID-19

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been identified as one of the most common and significant problems in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. However, studies examining the relationship between COVID-19 and AKI in low- and low-middle income countries (LLMIC) are lacking. Given that AKI is known to carry a higher mortality rate in these countries, it is important to understand differences in this population. Methods: This prospective, observational study examines the AKI incidence and characteristics of 32,210 patients with COVID-19 from 49 countries across all income levels who were admitted to an intensive care unit during their hospital stay. Results: Among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit, AKI incidence was highest in patients in LLMIC, followed by patients in upper-middle income countries (UMIC) and high-income countries (HIC) (53%, 38%, and 30%, respectively), whereas dialysis rates were lowest among patients with AKI from LLMIC and highest among those from HIC (27% vs. 45%). Patients with AKI in LLMIC had the largest proportion of community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) and highest rate of in-hospital death (79% vs. 54% in HIC and 66% in UMIC). The association between AKI, being from LLMIC and in-hospital death persisted even after adjusting for disease severity. Conclusions: AKI is a particularly devastating complication of COVID-19 among patients from poorer nations where the gaps in accessibility and quality of healthcare delivery have a major impact on patient outcomes