66 research outputs found
Hipusinación del factor de traducción eIF5A dependiente de poliaminas
RESUMEN
La hipusinación es una modificación post-traduccional dependiente de espermidina
que activa al factor de traducción eIF5A, y que es esencial en todos los eucariotas.
En los últimos años se ha sugerido un importante papel para eIF5A en los procesos
de senescencia y respuesta a estrés ambiental en plantas, en el establecimiento de la
polaridad celular en levadura y su implicación en enfermedades tales como
diabetes, VIH-1 o cáncer en humanos. Con el objetivo de caracterizar a nivel
molecular la actividad biológica de eIF5A en plantas, hemos establecido una
metodología basada en técnicas bioquímicas e inmunológicas para determinar el
patrón de hipusinación de eIF5A en A. thaliana. La puesta a punto de esta
metodología nos ha permitido demostrar que el tratamiento con ácido abscísico
inhibe la activación por hipusinación de la isoforma eIF5A1. Además, para tratar
de estudiar la función de eIF5A durante el desarrollo de A. thaliana, hemos
realizado estudios funcionales basados en la caracterización de plantas transgénicas
capaces de desactivar genéticamente la ruta dependiente de eIF5A mediante ARN
de interferencia, condicionado a la aplicación de dexametasona. La desactivación
condicional de la enzima de hipusinación desoxihipusina sintasa, produjo
alteraciones durante el desarrollo y en respuesta a condiciones adversas de
crecimiento, tales como floración temprana, inhibición del crecimiento de la raíz,
alteraciones en los pelos radiculares, ramificación exacerbada del tallo, presencia
de elementos traqueales completamente lignificados en hipocotilos, niveles
reducidos de óxido nítrico e hipersensibilidad al ácido abscísico, sal y glucosa.
Recientemente se ha demostrado que eIF5A es necesario para la traducción de
proteínas con más de 3 prolinas sucesivas en su secuencia. El análisis de ontología
realizado reveló un enriquecimiento de proteínas con poli-prolinas entre las
implicadas en la organización del citoesqueleto de actina. La alteración de la
actividad de eIF5A provocó defectos en la estructuración de los filamentos de
actina en A. thaliana, S. cerevisiae y H. sapiens. El estudio de mutantes
termosensibles de levadura demostró el requerimiento de eIF5A durante el proceso
de reproducción sexual a través de la traducción de la formina Bni1. Los
experimentos de regulación traduccional en células HeLa demostraron que el
silenciamiento vía ARN de interferencia de eIF5A1 provocaba un defecto en la tasa
de traducción de la formina FMNL1 y la proteína ezrina. Estos resultados
confirman que la actividad esencial de eIF5A en el ribosoma parece conservada en
organismos eucariotas, y afecta fundamentalmente a proteínas con poli-prolinas
implicadas en la organización del citoesqueleto de actina.Belda Palazón, B. (2014). Hipusinación del factor de traducción eIF5A dependiente de poliaminas [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/48474TESI
Polyamines as Quality Control Metabolites Operating at the Post-Transcriptional Level
[EN] Plant polyamines (PAs) have been assigned a large number of physiological functions with unknown molecular mechanisms in many cases. Among the most abundant and studied polyamines, two of them, namely spermidine (Spd) and thermospermine (Tspm), share some molecular functions related to quality control pathways for tightly regulated mRNAs at the level of translation. In this review, we focus on the roles of Tspm and Spd to facilitate the translation of mRNAs containing upstream ORFs (uORFs), premature stop codons, and ribosome stalling sequences that may block translation, thus preventing their degradation by quality control mechanisms such as the nonsense-mediated decay pathway and possible interactions with other mRNA quality surveillance pathways.A.F. was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, grant number BIO2015-70483-R, and B.B.-P. was funded by the Generalitat Valenciana grant, VALi+d GVA APOSTD/2017/039. D.U. was a recipient of an EMBO short-term fellowship, number STF-7308.Poidevin, L.; Unal, D.; Belda-Palazón, B.; Ferrando Monleón, AR. (2019). Polyamines as Quality Control Metabolites Operating at the Post-Transcriptional Level. Plants. 8(4):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8040109S11384Graille, M., & Séraphin, B. (2012). Surveillance pathways rescuing eukaryotic ribosomes lost in translation. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 13(11), 727-735. doi:10.1038/nrm3457Preissler, S., & Deuerling, E. (2012). Ribosome-associated chaperones as key players in proteostasis. Trends in Biochemical Sciences, 37(7), 274-283. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2012.03.002Fuell, C., Elliott, K. A., Hanfrey, C. C., Franceschetti, M., & Michael, A. J. (2010). Polyamine biosynthetic diversity in plants and algae. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(7), 513-520. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.02.008Vera-Sirera, F., Minguet, E. G., Singh, S. K., Ljung, K., Tuominen, H., Blázquez, M. A., & Carbonell, J. (2010). 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HOS1 promotes plant tolerance to low-energy stress via the SnRK1 protein kinase
Funding Information: We thank Vera Nunes from the IGC Model Organism Unit/Plant Facility for excellent plant management and Filip Rolland for kindly providing the and lines. This work was supported by FCT ‐ Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., through GREEN‐IT ‐ Bioresources for Sustainability R&D Unit (UIDB/04551/2020, UIDP/04551/2020), by the LS4FUTURE Associated Laboratory (LA/P/0087/2020, PTDC/BIA‐FBT/4942/2020, LISBOA‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐028128, PTDC/BIA‐BID/32347/2017, EXPL/ASP‐AGR/1329/2021, 2022.08339.PTDC, SFRH/BPD/116116/2016 [LM], PD/BD/114361/2016 [BP], and 2020.03177.CEECIND [EBG]), and by the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement number: 867426 — ABA GrowthBalance — H2020‐WF‐2018‐2020/H2020‐WF‐01‐2018, awarded to BBP). NLS‐SnRK1α1 βMYR‐SnRK1α1 Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. The Plant Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Plants need to integrate internal and environmental signals to mount adequate stress responses. The NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX (NPC) component HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES 1 (HOS1) is emerging as such an integrator, affecting responses to cold, heat, light, and salinity. Stress conditions often converge in a low-energy signal that activates SUCROSE NON-FERMENTING 1-RELATED KINASE 1 (SnRK1) to promote stress tolerance and survival. Here, we explored the role of HOS1 in the SnRK1-dependent response to low-energy stress in Arabidopsis thaliana, using darkness as a treatment and a combination of genetic, biochemical, and phenotypic assays. We show that the induction of starvation genes and plant tolerance to prolonged darkness are defective in the hos1 mutant. HOS1 interacts physically with the SnRK1α1 catalytic subunit in yeast two-hybrid assays and in planta, and the nuclear accumulation of SnRK1α1 is reduced in the hos1 mutant. Likewise, another NPC mutant, nup160, exhibits lower activation of starvation genes and decreased tolerance to prolonged darkness. Importantly, defects in low-energy responses in the hos1 background are rescued by fusing SnRK1α1 to a potent nuclear localization signal or by sugar supplementation during the dark treatment. Altogether, this work demonstrates the importance of HOS1 for the nuclear accumulation of SnRK1α1, which is key for plant tolerance to low-energy conditions.publishersversionpublishe
Aminopropyltransferases Involved in Polyamine Biosynthesis Localize Preferentially in the Nucleus of Plant Cells
Plant aminopropyltransferases consist of a group of enzymes that transfer aminopropyl groups derived from decarboxylated S-adenosyl-methionine (dcAdoMet or dcSAM) to propylamine acceptors to produce polyamines, ubiquitous metabolites with positive charge at physiological pH. Spermidine synthase (SPDS) uses putrescine as amino acceptor to form spermidine, whereas spermine synthase (SPMS) and thermospermine synthase (TSPMS) use spermidine as acceptor to synthesize the isomers spermine and thermospermine respectively. In previous work it was shown that both SPDS1 and SPDS2 can physically interact with SPMS although no data concerning the subcellular localization was reported. Here we study the subcellular localization of these enzymes and their protein dimer complexes with gateway-based Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) binary vectors. In addition, we have characterized the molecular weight of the enzyme complexes by gel filtration chromatography with in vitro assembled recombinant enzymes and with endogenous plant protein extracts. Our data suggest that aminopropyltransferases display a dual subcellular localization both in the cytosol and nuclear enriched fractions, and they assemble preferably as dimers. The BiFC transient expression data suggest that aminopropyltransferase heterodimer complexes take place preferentially inside the nucleus
Ubiquitin Ligases RGLG1 and RGLG5 Regulate Abscisic Acid Signaling by Controlling the Turnover of Phosphatase PP2CA
[EN] Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential hormone for plant development and stress responses. ABA signaling is suppressed by clade A PP2C phosphatases, which function as key repressors of this pathway through inhibiting ABA-activated SnRK2s (SNF1-related protein kinases). Upon ABA perception, the PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors bind to PP2Cs with high affinity and biochemically inhibit their activity. While thismechanismhas been extensively studied, how PP2Cs are regulated at the protein level is only starting to be explored. Arabidopsis thaliana RING DOMAIN LIGASE5 (RGLG5) belongs to a five-member E3 ubiquitin ligase family whose target proteins remain unknown. We report that RGLG5, together with RGLG1, releases the PP2C blockade of ABA signaling by mediating PP2CA protein degradation. ABA promotes the interaction of PP2CA with both E3 ligases, which mediate ubiquitination of PP2CA and are required for ABA-dependent PP2CA turnover. Downregulation of RGLG1 and RGLG5 stabilizes endogenous PP2CA and diminishes ABA-mediated responses. Moreover, the reduced response to ABA in germination assays is suppressed in the rglg1 amiR (artificial microRNA)-rglg5 pp2ca-1 triple mutant, supporting a functional link among these loci. Overall, our data indicate that RGLG1 and RGLG5 are important modulators of ABA signaling, and they unveil amechanismfor activation of the ABA pathway by controlling PP2C half-life.We thank Andreas Bachmair for the rglg1 mutant, Sean R. Cutler for the pyr1 pyl1 pyl2 pyl4 seeds, Dapeng Zhang for the transgenic material harboring ABI2, Hongwei Guo and Jianmin Zhou for the pCAMBIA1300-Nluc and pCAMBIA1300-Cluc vectors, and John Olson for assistance in English editing. Work in C.A.'s laboratory was supported by grants from the National Key Basic Science "973" Program (Grant 2012CB114006), the National Natural Science Foundation (Grants 31272023, 31170231, and 90817001) of the Chinese government, and by the State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University. Work in P.L.R.'s laboratory was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Grant BIO2014-52537-R).Wu, Q.; Zhang, X.; Peirats-Llobet, M.; Belda Palazón, B.; Wang, X.; Cui, S.; Yu, X.... (2016). Ubiquitin Ligases RGLG1 and RGLG5 Regulate Abscisic Acid Signaling by Controlling the Turnover of Phosphatase PP2CA. Plant Cell. 28(9):2178-2196. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.16.003642178219628
Citrus exocortis viroid causes ribosomal stress in tomato plants
[EN] Viroids are naked RNAs that do not code for any known protein and yet are able to infect plants causing severe diseases. Because of their RNA nature, many studies have focused on the involvement of viroids in RNA-mediated gene silencing as being their pathogenesis mechanism. Here, the alterations caused by the Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) on the tomato translation machinery were studied as a new aspect of viroid pathogenesis. The presence of viroids in the ribosomal fractions of infected tomato plants was detected. More precisely, CEVd and its derived viroid small RNAs were found to co-sediment with tomato ribosomes in vivo, and to provoke changes in the global polysome profiles, particularly in the 40S ribosomal subunit accumulation. Additionally, the viroid caused alterations in ribosome biogenesis in the infected tomato plants, affecting the 18S rRNA maturation process. A higher expression level of the ribosomal stress mediator NAC082 was also detected in the CEVd-infected tomato leaves. Both the alterations in the rRNA processing and the induction of NAC082 correlate with the degree of viroid symptomatology. Taken together, these results suggest that CEVd is responsible for defective ribosome biogenesis in tomato, thereby interfering with the translation machinery and, therefore, causing ribosomal stress.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [BIO2009-11818, BIO2015-70483-R to A.F.]; Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [BFU2009-11958]; Generalitat Valenciana (Valencia, Spain) [AICO/2017/048]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [155219-17 to J.-P.P.]; The RNA group is supported by a grant from the Universite de Sherbrooke; J.-P.P. holds the Research Chair of the Universite de Sherbrooke in RNA Structure and Genomics, and is a member of the Centre de Recherche du CHUS; B.B.-P. was a recipient of a VALi+d postdoctoral contract of the Generalitat Valenciana [APOSTD/2017/039]; Schleiff group is funded through the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB 902]. Funding for open access charge: Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities.Cottilli, P.; Belda-Palazón, B.; Adkar-Purushothama, CR.; Perreault, J.; Schleiff, E.; Rodrigo Bravo, I.; Ferrando Monleón, AR.... (2019). Citrus exocortis viroid causes ribosomal stress in tomato plants. Nucleic Acids Research. 47(16):8649-8661. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz679S86498661471
ABA inhibits myristoylation and induces shuttling of the RGLG1 E3 ligase to promote nuclear degradation of PP2CA
[EN] Hormone- and stress-induced shuttling of signaling or regulatory proteins is an important cellular mechanism to modulate hormone signaling and cope with abiotic stress. Hormone-induced ubiquitination plays a crucial role to determine half-life of key negative regulators of hormone signaling. For ABA signaling, degradation of clade A PP2Cs, such as PP2CA or ABI1, is a complementary mechanism to PYR/PYL/RCAR-mediated inhibition of PP2C activity. ABA promotes the degradation of PP2CA through the RGLG1 E3 ligase, although it is not known how ABA enhances the interaction of RGLG1 with PP2CA given they are predominantly found in plasma membrane and nucleus, respectively. We demonstrate that ABA modifies the subcellular localization of RGLG1 and promotes nuclear interaction with PP2CA. We found RGLG1 is myristoylated in vivo, which facilitates its attachment to plasma membrane. ABA inhibits myristoylation of RGLG1 through downregulation of Nmyristoyltransferase1 (NMT1) and promotes nuclear translocation of RGLG1 in a cycloheximide-insensitive manner. Enhanced nuclear recruitment of the E3 ligase was also promoted by increasing PP2CA protein levels and the formation of RGLG1-receptor-phosphatase complexes. We show that RGLG1Gly2Ala -mutated in the Nterminal myristoylation site- shows constitutive nuclear localization and causes enhanced response to ABA and salt/osmotic stress. RGLG1/5 can interact with certain monomeric ABA receptors, which facilitates the formation of nuclear complexes such as RGLG1-PP2CA-PYL8. In summary, we provide evidence that an E3 ligase can dynamically re-localize in response to both ABA and increased levels of its target, which reveals a mechanism to explain how ABA enhances RGLG1-PP2CA interaction and hence PP2CA degradation.Work in P.L.R.'s laboratory was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas through grants BIO2014-52537-R and BIO2017-82503-R. This work was also funded by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Ku931/4-1 to J. K., and BA4742/1-2 to O.B. B.B. was funded by Programa VALi+ d GVA APOSTD/2017/039. J.J. was supported by an FPI contract from MINECOBelda Palazón, B.; Julian, J.; Coego, A.; Wu, Q.; Zhang, X.; Batistic, O.; Alquraishi, SA.... (2019). ABA inhibits myristoylation and induces shuttling of the RGLG1 E3 ligase to promote nuclear degradation of PP2CA. The Plant Journal. 98(5):813-825. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.14274S813825985Antoni, R., Gonzalez-Guzman, M., Rodriguez, L., Rodrigues, A., Pizzio, G. A., & Rodriguez, P. L. (2011). Selective Inhibition of Clade A Phosphatases Type 2C by PYR/PYL/RCAR Abscisic Acid Receptors
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La enseñanza de contenidos en inglés en el proceso de internacionalización de la Universidad de Alicante
El objetivo principal de esta red fue determinar el estado de la cuestión de la enseñanza de contenidos en inglés en la Universidad de Alicante. Para ello, indagamos sobre las materias que se imparten en inglés, así como la competencia, actitud y preparación del PDI y del alumnado para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de contenidos en inglés. Este análisis nos permite identificar las necesidades y los problemas de los docentes y discentes en torno a la posible implantación y/o incremento de asignaturas con docencia en inglés. De esta forma, este estudio pretende ser un primer paso en el proceso de desarrollo de buenas prácticas para la internacionalización de la UA en su dimensión docente
North, east, south, west: mapping vascular tissues onto the Arabidopsis root
The Arabidopsis root has provided an excellent model for understanding patterning processes and cell fate specification. Vascular patterning represents an especially interesting process, as new positional information must be generated to transform an approximately radially symmetric root pole into a bisymmetric structure with a single xylem axis. This process requires both growth of the embryonic tissue alongside the subsequent patterning. Recently researchers have identified a series of transcription factors that modulate cell divisions to control vascular tissues growth. Spatial regulation in the signalling of two hormones, auxin and cytokinin, combine with other transcription factors to pattern the xylem axis. We are now witnessing the discovery of increasingly complex interactions between these hormones that can be interpreted through the use of mathematical models
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