Influenza del trattamento della schizofrenia con neurolettici tipici o olanzapina sui costi sanitari e sugli outcomes lavorativi

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the global treatment cost of schizophrenia with olanzapine or typical neuroleptics, according to Local Health Care Unit point of view. This analysis was performed through naturalistic observation of a cohort of schizophrenic patients referring to Ascoli Piceno ASL Department of Mental Health during 4 years (2001-2004). During year 2003, investigators have identified a cohort of patients who were undergoing treatment switch from typical neuroleptics to olanzapine. These patients, after the switch, are observed prospectively for the next 2 years and retrospectively for the last 2 years of treament. This method allow us to collect data about 4 years of treatment: 2 years of typical neuroleptic treatment followed by 2 years of olanzapine treatment. The present work is presenting the analysis of the first 3 years of observation. The results of our analysis are demonstrating that olanzapine treatment, through a better patient-physician alliance and with rehabilitative activities, allow lower total medical costs for the treatment of schizophrenia than typical neuroleptics. The higher acquisition cost of olanzapine versus typical neuroleptics was compensated by less hospitalizations and territorial medical interventions. During olanzapine treatment patients followed more rehabilitative activities (+71,26%,

Novel parameter-free coalescence model for deuteron production

A microscopic understanding of (anti)deuteron production in hadron-hadron collisions is the subject of many experimental and theoretical efforts in nuclear physics. This topic is also very relevant for astrophysics, since the rare production of antinuclei in our Universe could be a doorway to discover new physics. In this work, we describe a new coalescence afterburner for event generators based on the Wigner function formalism and we apply it to the (anti)deuteron case, taking into account a realistic particle emitting source. The model performance is validated using the EPOS and PYTHIA event generators applied to proton-proton collisions at the centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV, triggered for high multiplicity events, and the experimental data measured by ALICE in the same collision system. The model relies on the direct measurement of the particle emitting source carried out by means of nucleon-nucleon femtoscopic correlations in the same collision system and energy. The resulting parameter-free model is used to predict deuteron differential spectra assuming different deuteron wavefunctions within the Wigner function formalism. The predicted deuteron spectra show a clear sensitivity to the choice of the deuteron wavefunction. The Argonne $v_{18}$ wavefunction provides the best description of the experimental data. This model can now be used to study the production of (anti)deuterons over a wide range of collision energies and be extended to heavier nuclei.Comment: 13 pages, 9 Figures, submitted to PR

Neurobiology of rodent self-grooming and its value for translational neuroscience

Self-grooming is a complex innate behaviour with an evolutionarily conserved sequencing pattern and is one of the most frequently performed behavioural activities in rodents. In this Review, we discuss the neurobiology of rodent self-grooming, and we highlight studies of rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders-including models of autism spectrum disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder-that have assessed self-grooming phenotypes. We suggest that rodent self-grooming may be a useful measure of repetitive behaviour in such models, and therefore of value to translational psychiatry. Assessment of rodent self-grooming may also be useful for understanding the neural circuits that are involved in complex sequential patterns of action.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant NS025529)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant HD028341)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant MH060379

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Operational experience with ALICE ITS

ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general purpose heavy-ion experiment designed for the study of strongly-interacting matter at the extreme energy densities that characterise Pb-Pb collisions at the CERN LHC, where the formation of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a deconfined phase of matter, is expected. The innermost detector of ALICE is the Inner Tracking System (ITS). The ITS consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors based on different technologies: two inner layers with pixel sensors (Silicon Pixel Detector), two intermediate layers with drift sensors (Silicon Drift Detector), two outer layers with strip sensors (Silicon Strip Detector). The ITS is used for the reconstruction of primary and secondary vertices, for particle tracking, for a precise determination of the impact parameter and for particle identification at low momentum. In this report, after a brief description of the three sub-detectors, the operational experience with the ITS during LHC Run2 is summarised, describing the status and the performance of the detector

Anti- and Hyper-Nuclei Production at the LHC with ALICE

At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) a significant production of (anti-)(hyper-)nuclei is observed in proton-proton (pp), proton-lead (p-Pb) and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions. The measurement of the production yields of light (anti-)nuclei is extremely important to provide insight into the production mechanisms of nuclear matter, which is still an open question in high energy physics. The outstanding particle identification (PID) capabilities of the ALICE detectors allow the identification of rarely produced particles such as deuterons, 3 He and their antiparticles. From the production spectra measured for light (anti-)nuclei with ALICE, the key observables of the production mechanisms (antimatter/matter ratio, coalescence parameter, nuclei/protons ratio) are computed and compared with the available theoretical models. Another open question is the determination of the hypertriton lifetime: published experimental values show a lifetime shorter than the expected one, which should be close to that of the free Λ hyperon. Thanks to the high-resolution track reconstruction capabilities of the ALICE experiment, it has been possible to determine the hypertriton lifetime at the highest Pb-Pb collisions energy with the highest precision ever reached

Testing Coalescence and Thermal Models with the Production Measurement of Light (Anti-)Nuclei as Function of the Collision System Size with ALICE at the LHC

High energy pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC offer a unique tool to study the production of light (anti-)nucleiNuclei. The study of the production yield of (anti-)nucleiNuclei in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC energy probes the late stages in the evolution of the hot, dense nuclear matter created in the collision. The same measurements performed in smaller collision systems are crucial to understand how the particle production mechanism evolves going from small to large systems. The latest ALICE results on the production yields of light (anti-)nucleiNuclei in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions at energies going from 5.02 to 13 TeV centre-of-mass energies are presented. A critical comparison of the experimental results with the predictions of the statistical (thermal) model and baryon coalescence approach is given to provide insight into the production mechanisms of light anti-nucleiNuclei in ultra-relativistic collisions

Study of the production of (anti-)deuterons in pp collisions at the LHC with the ALICE experiment

At the LHC an abundant production of light (anti-)nuclei, i.e. with a mass number A $\leq$ 4, is observed. However, although abundantly produced, their production mechanisms are still not completely understood. Indeed, light \mbox{(anti-)nuclei} are characterised by a binding energy of the order of 1 MeV per nucleon and this value is very low if compared with the chemical freeze-out temperature of a Pb--Pb collision ($T_{ch}~\sim$ 150 MeV). Therefore, in principle the observation of such fragile objects is not expected and a comparison of the experimental data with the theoretical predictions can help to shed light on the production mechanism of these loosely bound states. ALICE is the most suitable LHC experiment for the study of light (anti-)nuclei, thanks to its excellent particle identification (PID) capabilities. In particular, the identification of light nuclei is possible via the measurement of the specific energy loss d$E$/d$x$ in the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) and with the time information provided by the Time Of Flight (TOF) detector. Among light (anti-)nuclei, (anti-)deuterons are the lightest and consequently the most abundantly produced. The ALICE Collaboration has measured the production spectra of (anti-)deuterons as a function of charged particle multiplicity $\langle \mathrm{d}N_{ch}/\mathrm{d}\eta\rangle$ in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the energy of $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, in proton-lead (p--Pb) collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} =$ 5 TeV and in lead-lead (Pb--Pb) collisions a $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} =$ 2.76 TeV. In this work, the (anti-)deuteron production spectra in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV as a function of the event charged particle multiplicity and in the Minimum Bias data sample is presented. Thanks to the extremely large data sample collected in 2016 and 2017 by ALICE, consisting of almost 1 billion pp collisions, it has been possible to study the (anti-)deuteron production in very fine multiplicity classes and in particular reaching multiplicities that are similar to those observed in p--Pb collisions. This is a crucial element to have a comparison of different colliding systems and to understand if the production mechanism of light (anti-)nuclei is similar in small and medium-large colliding systems. Relying on the measurement of the (anti-)proton production spectra, the coalescence parameter $B_2$, which is related to the probability to form a deuteron via coalescence, and the ratio between $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-integrated yields of (anti-)deuterons and (anti-)protons d/p are computed. The measurement of $B_2$ and d/p as a function of charged particle multiplicity is a useful tool for shading light on the dependence of the production mechanisms on the system size. The results are also relevant for background studies in the search for dark matter via the measurement of (anti-)nuclei in space and as input for the understanding of the formation of QCD bound states in high energy hadron physics. The results as a function of the charged particle multiplicity are compared with the predictions of the two available classes of phenomenological models, namely the statistical hadronisation model and the coalescence model. This is the first deuteron analysis within the ALICE Collaboration in which such comparison is performed

Production of (anti)(hyper)nuclei at the LHC with ALICE

The production mechanism of light (anti)nuclei and (anti)hypernuclei in hadron collisions is still under debate in high-energy physics. Two different classes of phenomenological models are used to describe the (hyper)nuclear production: the statistical hadronisation model and the coalescence model. Thanks to its excellent particle-identification capabilities, ALICE is the best experiment at the LHC for the measurement of (hyper)nuclei. During the LHC Run 1 and Run 2, ALICE has measured the production of (anti)(hyper)nuclei in pp, p--Pb and Pb--Pb collisions at different energies. For the first time it has been possible to measure hypertriton production in pp and p--Pb collisions. In the following, the latest results on the measured production of (anti)(hyper)nuclei is compared with the predictions of the coalescence model and of the statistical hadronisation model, in order to understand which of the two provides the best description