Edge Face Recognition System Based on One-Shot Augmented Learning

There is growing concern among users of computer systems about how their data is handled. In this sense, IT (Information Technology) professionals are not unaware of this problem and are looking for solutions to meet the requirements and concerns of their users. During the last few years, various techniques and technologies have emerged that allow us to answer to the problem posed by users. Technologies such as edge computing and techniques such as one-shot learning and data augmentation enable progress in this regard. Thus, in this article, we propose the creation of a system that makes use of these techniques and technologies to solve the problem of face recognition and form a low-cost security system. The results obtained show that the combination of these techniques is effective in most of the face detection algorithms and allows an effective solution to the problem raised

Master Plan for the Region of Sierras Chicas, Cordoba, Argentina

El Plan Director de Sierras Chicas fue una experiencia innovadora en planificación regional, desarrollada por un Consejo de Planificación Metropolitana, coordinado por el Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba e integrado, además de los organismos técnicos provinciales, por los gobiernos municipales involucrados en el área de estudio; universidades; organizaciones sociales y profesionales. Con un horizonte temporal de planificación aproximado de 15 años, el Plan aplica sobre un sector particular del Área Metropolitana de Córdoba conocido como Sierras Chicas, una conurbación integrada por 11 Municipalidades y Comunas recostadas sobre el faldeo oriental de las sierras, en el cuadrante noroeste metropolitano. Se trata de un corredor que ha experimentado un crecimiento poblacional explosivo y desordenado en las últimas décadas, con consecuencias que afectan sus sobresalientes condiciones ambientales, paisajísticas y culturales, patrimonio que deben preservarse para beneficio de los habitantes y visitantes, actuales y futuros. Su alcance regional implica la integración en un espacio geográfico amplio de distintas competencias territoriales municipales. La planificación enfocada en la escala regional permite abordar una multiplicidad de aspectos que hacen a un desarrollo armónico de las ciudades. Cuencas, excedentes hídricos, agua potable, cloacas, energía, transporte, ordenación territorial, vialidad, equipamientos sociales y muchas otras variables que podrían ampliar esta lista, resultan imposibles de ser estudiadas y resueltas dentro de los recortes de cada radio municipal.El Pla Director de Serres Chicas va ser una experiència innovadora en planificació regional, desenvolupada per un Consell de Planificació Metropolitana, coordinat pel Govern de la Província de Còrdova i integrat, a més dels organismes tècnics provincials, pels governs municipals involucrats en l'àrea de estudi; universitats; organitzacions socials i professionals. Amb un horitzó temporal de planificació aproximat de 15 anys, el Pla s'aplica sobre un sector particular de l'Àrea Metropolitana de Còrdova conegut com a Serres Noies, una conurbació integrada per 11 Municipalitats i comunes recolzades sobre la vessant oriental de les serres, en el quadrant nord-oest metropolità . Es tracta d'un corredor que ha experimentat un creixement poblacional explosiu i desordenat en les últimes dècades, amb conseqüències que afecten les seves excel·lents condicions ambientals, paisatgístiques i culturals, patrimoni que s'han de preservar per a benefici dels habitants i visitants, actuals i futurs. El seu abast regional implica la integració en un espai geogràfic ampli de diferents competències territorials municipals. La planificació enfocada en l'escala regional permet abordar una multiplicitat d'aspectes que fan a un desenvolupament harmònic de les ciutats. Conques, excedents hídrics, aigua potable, clavegueres, energia, transport, ordenació territorial, vialitat, equipaments socials i moltes altres variables que podrien ampliar aquesta llista, resulten impossibles de ser estudiades i resoltes dins de les retallades de cada ràdio municipal.The Master Plan for Sierras Chicas was an innovative experience in regional planning. It was developed by a Metropolitan Planning Council, Provincial technical entities, governments of the cities included in the area under analysis, universities, professional and social entities, all of them coordinated by the Government of the Province of Cordoba. With an approximate time, span of 15 years, the Plan applies to a specific sector of the Metropolitan Area of Cordoba known as Sierras Chicas. This conurbation is made up of 11 cities and communes that lie on the eastern slope of the hills in the northwest quadrant of the metropolitan area. This corridor has undergone a disorderly and explosive population growth in the past decades as a consequence affecting its outstanding cultural, landscape, and environmental conditions, which are a heritage that should be preserved for future and current visitors and inhabitants. It has regional impact on the integration in a vast geographical space with different city territorial competencies. If planning is focused on the region, a number of aspects can be approached for a harmonic development of cities. It's impossible to analyze and plan efficiently for basins, surplus water, drinking water, sewage, energy, transport, territory ordering, roads, social equipment, and many other variables, if such analysis is made on each city in isolation.Peer Reviewe

The microbiota-gut-brain axis:Neurobehavioral correlates, health and sociality

Recent data suggest that the human body is not such a neatly self-sufficient island after all. It is more like a super-complex ecosystem containing trillions of bacteria and other microorganisms that inhabit all our surfaces; skin, mouth, sexual organs, and specially intestines. It has recently become evident that such microbiota, specifically within the gut, can greatly influence many physiological parameters, including cognitive functions, such as learning, memory and decision making processes. Human microbiota is a diverse and dynamic ecosystem, which has evolved in a mutualistic relationship with its host. Ontogenetically, it is vertically inoculated from the mother during birth, established during the first year of life and during lifespan, horizontally transferred among relatives, mates or close community members. This micro-ecosystem serves the host by protecting it against pathogens, metabolizing complex lipids and polysaccharides that otherwise would be inaccessible nutrients, neutralizing drugs and carcinogens, modulating intestinal motility, and making visceral perception possible. It is now evident that the bidirectional signaling between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain, mainly through the vagus nerve, the so called “microbiota–gut–vagus–brain axis,” is vital for maintaining homeostasis and it may be also involved in the etiology of several metabolic and mental dysfunctions/disorders. Here we review evidence on the ability of the gut microbiota to communicate with the brain and thus modulate behavior, and also elaborate on the ethological and cultural strategies of human and non-human primates to select, transfer and eliminate microorganisms for selecting the commensal profile

Urbanización, movilidad y demanda energética

El artículo es parte del libro Matriz de recursos energéticos de la Provincia de Córdoba. Córdoba : Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Conicet, 2013El trabajo establece inicialmente las interacciones entre las modalidades de urbanización y la movilidad de personas, con diferentes consecuencias como el aumento en las demandas de energía. El enfoque conceptual, está referenciado al caso de Córdoba (Argentina) y en concordancia con la realidad actual, la escala de análisis abarca la región metropolitana. En ese contexto físico se analizan las situaciones generadas por las expansiones de la urbanización en conurbaciones de baja densidad, acompañadas por crecimientos acelerados en la población de los pueblos y ciudades de la región. Estas situaciones tienen secuelas negativas en el tránsito, los accidentes, la polución y el consumo energético entre otras. Desde este enfoque, se proponen acciones sobre las variables prioritarias para un proceso de planificación en la escala regional como son los usos del suelo y la movilidad. En el primer caso se ensaya un modelo que promueve una mayor densificación evitando una innecesaria expansión suburbana, aunque manteniendo un constante ensamble con áreas verdes. En la variable de movilidad se plantea una alternativa superadora para el sistema vial metropolitano y un plan de transporte público guiado que utiliza en la medida de lo posible, los espacios ferroviarios disponibles.Fil: Irós, Guillermo M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentina.Fil: Moiso, Enrique A. Gobierno de la provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Servicios Públicos. Instituto de Planificación del Área Metropolitana; Argentina.Fil: Irós, Guillermo. Gobierno de la provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Servicios Públicos. Instituto de Planificación del Área Metropolitana; Argentina.Fil: Moiso, Enrique A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentina.Fil: Bravo, Augusto O. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentina.Fil: Alonso, César S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Diseño; Argentina.Otras Ingenierías y Tecnología

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030