Social Justice Education Framework: Examination of an Integrated Model for Teaching and Evaluating Social Justice Education through Historical Injustices

Social justice continues to be emphasized within the social work profession as a central principle and value, often identified as the professional value that separates it from other human service professions. As varied as definitions of social justice are, so are approaches to effectively teaching about social justice within social work education across the curriculum (practice, research, HBSE, and policy). Equally absent are evidence based approaches to teaching social justice.In recent years, historical injustice and our societal lack of knowledge regarding it has been examined. Numerous studies have confirmed that the K-12 education system is grossly negligent in providing students with an accurate and comprehensive examination of historical events, especially those involving significant social injustices. Thus, students often begin their college education inadequately prepared to understand and address the consequences of these injustices. Consequently, they also fail to learn the many benefits of knowing and understanding their personal, societal, global, and generational effects. More recent studies have addressed the benefits of teaching through the use of historical injustice. Among these benefits, which have been categorized as transformational, are improved personal autonomy and agency, increased civic mindedness, improved cognitive skills and critical thinking, and in depth evaluation of values and biases, which according to NASW and CSWE are of significance to social work practice and education. This roundtable will begin a discussion on integrating these different silos of information. It will address how to best demonstrate their overlap and how to build on the literature and studies that have already been done in various fields of investigation. The overall goal of the roundtable is to determine how to best move forward in rigorously investigating an empirically grounded approach to teaching social justice in social work that is directed by a social justice education framework, the utilization of historical injustice, and their applicability to current social and structural obstacles to equality and equity. The first presenter will disucss the social justice education framework and its application to social work education. Two of the presenters will focus on discussing their experiences with the use of historical social injustice in teaching across the social work curriculum, as well as their experiences with using the Social Justice Education Perspective \ to guide and evaluate their work with students. A third presenter will address the importance of historical injustice knowledge across generations in helping individuals understand structural obstacles to racial equity and other forms of injustice. All three presenters will address the potential applications of this line of inquiry for emerging areas of scholarship and practice, especially as related to improving social justice education in social work, implications of such work for social work practice, theoretical guiding frameworks for such work and potential funding sources for such work

Critical Conversations around Hiring Equity and Anti-Racist Search Processes

When the COVID-19 pandemic shut down institutions in March 2020, many academic programs faced budget cuts and hiring freezes (Friga, 2020). The impact of budget cuts most severely impacted HBCU’s and rural colleges (Kelchen et al., 2021). Yet, as the pandemic restrictions eased and some schools found ways to begin hiring again; however, things were different this time. Many schools conducted their searches entirely virtually (Banks et al., 2020). As many social work educators can attest, a switch from in-person to virtual methods presented unique challenges (Paceley et al., 2021). This 4-person panel included a successful job candidate and three members of search committees. The panel shared tips and tricks that helped the searches run smoothly in the virtual environment. Additionally, there was a focus on making the virtual environment as welcoming and attractive as possible. The panel presented perspectives from rural and urban teaching-focused and research-focused institutions ranging in Carnegie Classifications from “R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity” to “Master\u27s College and University”. These perspectives encompassed both PWI and HBCU. Critical conversations around hiring equity and antiracist search processes are an important part of higher education leadership. As social workers, we must act to eliminate racist hiring trends in higher education and bring equity to the front of the table in hiring conversations (Gates et al., 2021). Participants in this panel confronted their own biases related to antiracist search practices and learned new strategies for faculty searches in the landscape of an ongoing pandemic (Fariña et al., 2021)

Exploring Race: The Collaborative Inquiry Experience of a Group of Black Social Work Faculty

Through a partnership presentation, presenters discussed the co-inquiry group process through which they explored their experiences as Black faculty who teach race based content in social work programs. They shared insights into what it means, what it takes, and what it costs to teach such content, and the benefits of the group process

On the Link Between Central Black Holes, Bar Dynamics, and Dark Matter Halos in Spiral Galaxies

The discovery of a relationship between supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass and spiral arm pitch angle (P) is evidence that SMBHs are tied to the overall secular evolution of a galaxy. The discovery of SMBHs in late-type galaxies with little or no bulge suggests that an underlying correlation between the dark matter halo concentration and SMBH mass (MBH) exists, rather than between the bulge mass and MBH. In this paper we measure P using a two-dimensional fast fourier transform and estimate the bar pattern speeds of 40 barred spiral galaxies from the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. The pattern speeds were derived by estimating the gravitational potentials of our galaxies from Ks-band images and using them to produce dynamical simulation models. The pattern speeds allow us to identify those galaxies with low central dark halo densities, or fast rotating bars, while P provides an estimate of MBH. We find that a wide range of MBH exists in galaxies with low central dark matter halo densities, which appears to support other theoretical results. We also find that galaxies with low central dark halo densities appear to follow more predictable trends in P versus de Vaucouleurs morphological type (T) and bar strength versus T than barred galaxies in general. The empirical relationship between MBH and total gravitational mass of a galaxy (Mtot) allows us to predict the minimum Mtot that will be observationally measured of our fast bar galaxies. These predictions will be investigated in a subsequent paper.Comment: 17 pages, 1 table, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

A CANDELS WFC3 Grism Study of Emission-Line Galaxies at z~2: A Mix of Nuclear Activity and Low-Metallicity Star Formation

We present Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 slitless grism spectroscopy of 28 emission-line galaxies at z~2, in the GOODS-S region of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). The high sensitivity of these grism observations, with 1-sigma detections of emission lines to f > 2.5x10^{-18} erg/s/cm^2, means that the galaxies in the sample are typically ~7 times less massive (median M_* = 10^{9.5} M_sun) than previously studied z~2 emission-line galaxies. Despite their lower mass, the galaxies have OIII/Hb ratios which are very similar to previously studied z~2 galaxies and much higher than the typical emission-line ratios of local galaxies. The WFC3 grism allows for unique studies of spatial gradients in emission lines, and we stack the two-dimensional spectra of the galaxies for this purpose. In the stacked data the OIII emission line is more spatially concentrated than the Hb emission line with 98.1 confidence. We additionally stack the X-ray data (all sources are individually undetected), and find that the average L(OIII)/L(0.5-10 keV) ratio is intermediate between typical z~0 obscured active galaxies and star-forming galaxies. Together the compactness of the stacked OIII spatial profile and the stacked X-ray data suggest that at least some of these low-mass, low-metallicity galaxies harbor weak active galactic nuclei.Comment: ApJ accepted. 8 pages, 6 figure

Multi-site investigation of strategies for the clinical implementation of CYP2D6 genotyping to guide drug prescribing

PURPOSE: A number of institutions have clinically implemented CYP2D6 genotyping to guide drug prescribing. We compared implementation strategies of early adopters of CYP2D6 testing, barriers faced by both early adopters and institutions in the process of implementing CYP2D6 testing, and approaches taken to overcome these barriers. METHODS: We surveyed eight early adopters of CYP2D6 genotyping and eight institutions in the process of adoption. Data were collected on testing approaches, return of results procedures, applications of genotype results, challenges faced, and lessons learned. RESULTS: Among early adopters, CYP2D6 testing was most commonly ordered to assist with opioid and antidepressant prescribing. Key differences among programs included test ordering and genotyping approaches, result reporting, and clinical decision support. However, all sites tested for copy-number variation and nine common variants, and reported results in the medical record. Most sites provided automatic consultation and had designated personnel to assist with genotype-informed therapy recommendations. Primary challenges were related to stakeholder support, CYP2D6 gene complexity, phenotype assignment, and sustainability. CONCLUSION: There are specific challenges unique to CYP2D6 testing given the complexity of the gene and its relevance to multiple medications. Consensus lessons learned may guide those interested in pursuing similar clinical pharmacogenetic programs

High-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of an Equivalent Width-Selected Sample of Starbursting Dwarf Galaxies

Spectroscopic observations from the Large Binocular Telescope and the Very Large Telescope reveal kinematically narrow lines (approx. 50 km/s) for a sample of 14 Extreme Emission Line Galaxies (EELGs) at redshifts 1.4 < zeta < 2.3. These measurements imply that the total dynamical masses of these systems are low ( 3 10(exp 9) M). Their large [O III]5007 equivalent widths (500 1100 A) and faint blue continuum emission imply young ages of 10100 Myr and stellar masses of 10(exp 8)10(exp 9) M, confirming the presence of a violent starburst. The stellar mass formed in this vigorous starburst phase thus represents a large fraction of the total (dynamical) mass, without a significantly massive underlying population of older stars. The occurrence of such intense events in shallow potentials strongly suggests that supernova-driven winds must be of critical importance in the subsequent evolution of these systems

Power to identify a genetic predictor of antihypertensive drug response using different methods to measure blood pressure response

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To determine whether office, home, ambulatory daytime and nighttime blood pressure (BP) responses to antihypertensive drug therapy measure the same signal and which method provides greatest power to identify genetic predictors of BP response.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We analyzed office, home, ambulatory daytime and nighttime BP responses in hypertensive adults randomized to atenolol (N = 242) or hydrochlorothiazide (N = 257) in the Pharmacogenomic Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses Study. Since different measured BP responses may have different predictors, we tested the "same signal" model by using linear regression methods to determine whether known predictors of BP response depend on the method of BP measurement. We estimated signal-to-noise ratios and compared power to identify a genetic polymorphism predicting BP response measured by each method separately and by weighted averages of multiple methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After adjustment for pretreatment BP level, known predictors of BP response including plasma renin activity, race, and sex were independent of the method of BP measurement. Signal-to-noise ratios were more than 2-fold greater for home and ambulatory daytime BP responses than for office and ambulatory nighttime BP responses and up to 11-fold greater for weighted averages of all four methods. Power to identify a genetic polymorphism predicting BP response was directly related to the signal-to-noise ratio and, therefore, greatest with the weighted averages.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Since different methods of measuring BP response to antihypertensive drug therapy measure the same signal, weighted averages of the BP responses measured by multiple methods minimize measurement error and optimize power to identify genetic predictors of BP response.</p

Major merging history in CANDELS. I. Evolution of the incidence of massive galaxy–galaxy pairs from z = 3 to z ∼ 0

The rate of major galaxy–galaxy merging is theoretically predicted to steadily increase with redshift during the peak epoch of massive galaxy development (1 ≤ z ≤ 3). We use close-pair statistics to objectively study the incidence of massive galaxies (stellar M1 > 2 × 1010 M⊙) hosting major companions (1 ≤ M1/M2 ≤ 4; i.e. 4:1) companions at z > 1. We show that these evolutionary trends are statistically robust to changes in companion proximity. We find disagreements between published results are resolved when selection criteria are closely matched. If we compute merger rates using constant fraction-to-rate conversion factors (Cmerg,pair = 0.6 and Tobs,pair = 0.65 Gyr), we find that MR rates disagree with theoretical predictions at z > 1.5. Instead, if we use an evolving Tobs,pair(z) ∝ (1 + z)−2 from Snyder et al., our MR-based rates agree with theory at 0 < z < 3. Our analysis underscores the need for detailed calibration of Cmerg,pair and Tobs,pair as a function of redshift, mass, and companion selection criteria to better constrain the empirical major merger history