Konversi Energi Panas Penggerak Utama Kapal Berbasis Thermoelectric

Energi sudah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam segala aktivitas manusia. Energi saat ini dapat diperoleh dari sumber daya alam seperti minyak bumi yang telah ada dan juga dengan memanfaatkan gejala alam sebagai tenaga penggerak untuk memperoleh energi. Namun ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan energi dan energi yang tersedia saat ini membuat manusia berfikir untuk membuat energi alternative lainnya. Tidak terkecuali dalam dunia perkapalan, salah satunya yang kemudian diangkat dalam skripsi ini adalah memanfaatkan energi panas buangan mesin penggerak utama kapal sebagai sumber energi terbarukan dengan menggunakan metode konversi energi (thermoelektric). Thermoelectric merupakan metode konversi energi yang memanfaatkan perbedaan temperatur untuk menghasilkan energi listrik dengan memanfaatkan prinsip kerja peltier. Pada penelitian ini digunakan beberapa peltier yang disusun secara seri maupun parallel pada kondisi putaran mesin variasi mulai dari 1000 RPM sampai 2500 RPM yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar energi listrik yang dapat dihasilkan dari perbedaan temperature pada panas mesin utama kapal hasil pembakaran yang terbuang dengan suhu kamar mesin. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebuah peltier mampu menghasilkan maksimal daya pada kondisi putaran mesin 2500RPM dengan perbedaan suhu 33 ºC sebesar 1,12 Watt, dan susunan 2 buah peltier dirangkai seri memiliki daya yang lebih besar dibandingkan susunan peltier secara parallel pada kondisi putaran mesin yang sama yaitu sebesar 8,4 Watt. Ini menunjukkan sinkronisasi antara perbedaan suhu yang terjadi pada kedua sisi peltier dengan daya listrik yang dihasilkan pada peltier

Incidence of complications in bronchoscopy. Multicentre prospective study of 20,986 bronchoscopies.

Aim. To evaluate the frequency of complications in bronchoscopy from data compiled between 1/2/2002 to 1/2/2003. Materials and methods. Nineteen Italian centres of thoracic endoscopy participated in the study, for a total of 20,986 bronchoscopies (FBS), including 10,658 explorative bronchoscopies (EB) (50.79%), 5,520 bronchial biopsies (BB) (26.30%), 1,660 transbronchial biopsies (TBB) (7.91%), 1,127 broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) (5.37%), 930 transbronchial needle-aspirates (TBNA) (4.43%), 1.091 therapeutic bronchoscopies (TB), comprising NDYAG Laser, argon-plasma, electrocautery knife, stent insertion (5.20%). 82.4% of the procedures involved the use of a flexible bronchoscope, 16.3% were carried out using a rigid bronchoscope and 1.3% using the mixed technique. Results. The total number of complications recorded was 227 (1.08% of the cases examined), including 20 (0.09%) during local anesthesia and pre-medication, 195 (0.92%) during the endoscopic procedures and 12 (0.05%) in the two hours following FBS. The total number of deaths was 4 (0.02%), due to cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, delayed respiratory failure and shock in pre-medication, respectively. 68.28% of the complications were treated medically, 25.99% by means of endoscopy and 5.72% with surgery. The healing percentage was 98.2%. Conclusions. This study has shown that bronchoscopy is a safe method with low incidence of mortality and complications. The preparation, experience and continuous training of the operators of the medical and nursing team seem to play a fundamental role in reducing the incidence of complications at least in certain procedures such as BB and TBB

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Conservation des extraits aqueux de feuilles de neem, d\u2019hyptis et de papayer et 189 efficacite contre les ravageurs du niebe au Benin

Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is one of the leguminous crops, widely consumed in West Africa, but its production is constrained by pests and diseases. The use of natural plant extracts or vegetable leaf powder has been effectively used against cowpea pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of selected natural plant extracts obtained using two extraction methods (mortar pumping + filtration and motorised extractor composed of grinder and press) and their effectiveness on cowpea crops. The plants included neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss), papaya ( Carica papaya L.) and hyptis ( Hyptis suaveolens ). The extracts were stabilised with alcohol (70 \ub0C), lemon juice and essential oils ( Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum graticimum ). Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizopus spp. and Nigrospora spp. were identified on the first day of extraction in the leaf extracts regardless of the plant and extraction method. After 1 to 2 months of extract preservation, most fungi initially identified reduced or were absent in the extracts regardless of plant species and method of extraction. However, the inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts with or without conservatives was less for Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus spp. The aqueous extracts were more effective against cowpea pests after 45 days and 6 months of preservation compared to one day extracts. The aqueous leaf extracts can be preserved for a long time without affecting their effectiveness against pests of cowpea.Le ni\ue9b\ue9 ( Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) est une des l\ue9gumineuses largement consomm\ue9es en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest mais sa culture est sujette aux attaques par les insectes et des maladies. L\u2019utilisation des extraits de plantes naturelles ou de poudre de feuilles v\ue9g\ue9tales est efficace pour le traitement des ravageurs du ni\ue9b\ue9. Dans cette \ue9tude, des tests de stabilisation des extraits aqueux de feuilles telles que le neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss), le papayer ( Carica papaya L.) et l\u2019hyptis ( Hyptis suav\ue9olens ), obtenus de deux m\ue9thodes d\u2019extraction (pilage au mortier + filtration et extracteur motoris\ue9 compos\ue9 de broyeur et de presse) en vue de leur conservation durable ont \ue9t\ue9 r\ue9alis\ue9s et leur \ue9fficacit\ue9 test\ue9e sur les cultures de ni\ue9b\ue9. Les extraits ont \ue9t\ue9 stabilis\ue9s avec de l\u2019alcool (70 \ub0C), du jus de citron et des huiles essentielles\ua0( Ocimum basilicum et Ocimum graticimum ). Les genres de champignons Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizopus spp. et Nigrospora spp. ont \ue9t\ue9 identifi\ue9s au premier jour de l\u2019extraction dans les extraits quelles que soient la feuille et la m\ue9thode d\u2019extraction utilis\ue9es. Apr\ue8s 1 et 2 mois de conservation des extraits, la plupart des genres de moisissures recens\ue9s au d\ue9but ont \ue9t\ue9 r\ue9duits voire absents dans les extraits quelles que soient la feuille et la m\ue9thode d\u2019extraction utilis\ue9es. Cependant, l\u2019effet inhibiteur des extraits de neem et d\u2019hyptis avec ou sans conservateurs a \ue9t\ue9 moins rapide sur P\ue9nicillium spp. et Rhizopus spp. au cours de la conservation que sur les autres genres identifi\ue9s. Les extraits aqueux conserv\ue9s pendant 45 jours et 6 mois ont \ue9t\ue9 efficaces pour le traitement des plants de ni\ue9b\ue9 par rapport \ue0 l\u2019extrait du jour. La conservation des extraits aqueux n\u2019affecte pas leur efficacit\ue9 pour le traitement des ravageurs du ni\ue9b\ue9

Les professionnels en gérontologie confrontés à la pandémie de la COVID-19 : une étude préliminaire et qualitative de séances de débriefings

International audienc

Incidence of complications in bronchoscopy. Multicentre prospective study of 20,986 bronchoscopies.

To evaluate the frequency of complications in bronchoscopy from data compiled between 1/2/2002 to 1/2/2003.Nineteen Italian centres of thoracic endoscopy participated in the study, for a total of 20,986 bronchoscopies (FBS), including 10,658 explorative bronchoscopies (EB) (50.79\%), 5,520 bronchial biopsies (BB) (26.30\%), 1,660 transbronchial biopsies (TBB) (7.91\%), 1,127 broncho-alveolar lavages (BAL) (5.37\%), 930 transbronchial needle-aspirates (TBNA) (4.43\%), 1.091 therapeutic bronchoscopies (TB), comprising ND-YAG Laser, argon-plasma, electrocautery knife, stent insertion (5.20\%). 82.4\% of the procedures involved the use of a flexible bronchoscope, 16.3\% were carried out using a rigid bronchoscope and 1.3\% using the mixed technique.The total number of complications recorded was 227 (1.08\% of the cases examined), including 20 (0.09\%) during local anesthesia and pre-medication, 195 (0.92\%) during the endoscopic procedures and 12 (0.05\%) in the two hours following FBS. The total number of deaths was 4 (0.02\%), due to cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, delayed respiratory failure and shock in pre-medication, respectively. 68.28\% of the complications were treated medically, 25.99\% by means of endoscopy and 5.72\% with surgery. The healing percentage was 98.2\%.This study has shown that bronchoscopy is a safe method with low incidence of mortality and complications. The preparation, experience and continuous training of the operators of the medical and nursing team seem to play a fundamental role in reducing the incidence of complications at least in certain procedures such as BB and TBB