Positive and Negative Ion Motion in Thermal Oxide on Silicon by Radiochemical and MOS ANALYSIS

Metal-oxide-silicon capacitor and radiochemical analyses of anion in sodium contamination failure mod

Penampilan Berahi Sapi Jawa Berdasarkan Poel 1, Poel 2, dan Poel 3

The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of Java cattle estrus that includes length of estrous, changes in the vulva, the presence of cervical mucus, and the behavior on different ages Java cattle. The study was conducted on July 18, 2011 until August 11, 2011 in KTT Cikoneng Sejahtera, Sub Banjarharjo, Brebes regency, Central Java. Materials used in this study were 11 cows Java has Poel 1 (1 ½ - 2 years) 4 heads, Poel 2 (over 2-3 years) 3 heads, and Poel 3 (above 3-3 ½ years) 4 heads. The parameters measured were the appearance of the vulva, cervix mucus abundance, behavior, and estrous length. The results showed that vulva performance scores of Java cattle Poel 1, Poel 2, and Poel 3 respectively are 1; 1; 1.5. The cervical mucus of Java cattle Poel 1, Poel 2, and Poel 3 respectively are 1; 1; and 2,5. Behavior score for Poel 1, Poel 2, and Poel 3 respectively are 1, 1; 1.5. Estrous length of Java cattle poel 1, 2, and 3 respectively is 10 hours, 12 hours, and 13.5 hours. The conclusion of this research is a female cow Java Poel 3 shows the appearance of a relatively more obvious passion and longer than females Java cows Poel Poel 1 and 2

Estimation Of Net Primary Production (Npp) Using Remote Sensing Approach And Plant Physiological Modeling(pendugaan Net Primary Production (Npp) Menggunakan Pendekatan Penginderaan Jauh dan Modeling Fisiologis Tanaman)

Information Net Primary Production (NPP) of tropical forests is important for the development of realistic global carbon budgets and for projecting how these ecosystems will be affected by climate changes. This research utilized remotely sensed data and micrometeorological measurement to provide information on vegetation condition. The objective of this research is to estimate spatial NPP using remote sensing approach and plant physiological/micrometeorological modeling. The estimation of NPP is conducted using modeling approach, which is based on relationship between radiation use efficiency, photosyntetically active radiation and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation by the plants's canopy. Trend of NDVI derived using micrometeorological measurement showed an increase from 2001 to 2002, and then decrease from 2002 to 2004. Average different values (delta) between both methods used to derive NDVI is relatively constant around 0.33 with a high correlation of r2 = 0.98. Using remotely sensed data, the highest NPP values estimated is in year 2003 with value range between 2000 – 2500 (gC m-2 yr-1), less than 2% of the whole forest area. In 2003, 75% area has NPP between 1500 – 2000 (gC m-2 yr-1), meanwhile for 2002 and 2004 it is only 21% and 50 %, respectively. NPP values estimated using micrometeorological measurement show the increasing of NPP values from 2002 to 2003, and then decrease from 2003 to 2004. There is strong correlation between NPP values derived from the two methods with r2 = 0.98

Pengaruh Pemberian Kulit Pisang Terhadap Timbunan Lemak Pada Organ Reproduksi Ayam Pedaging Dan Ayam Kampung Betina (the Effect of Musa Acuminate Balbisiana C. on Fat Deposits in the Reproductive Organs the Broilers and Native Chicken)

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of a Musa acuminate balbisiana C to the fat deposits on the reproductive organs of chicken. The research material used were 12 hens of native chicken. Broilers and native chicken were maintained during 8 weeks and then slaughter off. Research method used was completely randomized design with 3 treatment and four replications . A treatments used were a mixture of a Musa acuminate balbisiana C T0 (0%), TI (30%), and T3 (47%). Parameters measured were ovarian fat weight, oviduct fat weight and vagina fat weight. Duncan analysis results significantly different in ovarian used fat weight while in the oviduct fat and vagina's fat not significantly different. Difference of reproductive organs fat happens in the ovary. It can be concluded that feeding with a mixture of banana peel 47% in broilers and native chicken can be alternative to raising chickens

Antimicrobial peptide capsids of de novo design

The spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics poses the need for antimicrobial discovery. With traditional search paradigms being exhausted, approaches that are altogether different from antibiotics may offer promising and creative solutions. Here, we introduce a de novo peptide topology that-by emulating the virus architecture-assembles into discrete antimicrobial capsids. Using the combination of high-resolution and real-time imaging, we demonstrate that these artificial capsids assemble as 20-nm hollow shells that attack bacterial membranes and upon landing on phospholipid bilayers instantaneously (seconds) convert into rapidly expanding pores causing membrane lysis (minutes). The designed capsids show broad antimicrobial activities, thus executing one primary function-they destroy bacteria on contact

Viral population estimation using pyrosequencing

The diversity of virus populations within single infected hosts presents a major difficulty for the natural immune response as well as for vaccine design and antiviral drug therapy. Recently developed pyrophosphate based sequencing technologies (pyrosequencing) can be used for quantifying this diversity by ultra-deep sequencing of virus samples. We present computational methods for the analysis of such sequence data and apply these techniques to pyrosequencing data obtained from HIV populations within patients harboring drug resistant virus strains. Our main result is the estimation of the population structure of the sample from the pyrosequencing reads. This inference is based on a statistical approach to error correction, followed by a combinatorial algorithm for constructing a minimal set of haplotypes that explain the data. Using this set of explaining haplotypes, we apply a statistical model to infer the frequencies of the haplotypes in the population via an EM algorithm. We demonstrate that pyrosequencing reads allow for effective population reconstruction by extensive simulations and by comparison to 165 sequences obtained directly from clonal sequencing of four independent, diverse HIV populations. Thus, pyrosequencing can be used for cost-effective estimation of the structure of virus populations, promising new insights into viral evolutionary dynamics and disease control strategies.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead.

Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety 'Mode of Action' framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology