Tradução de Itens Culturais em Vidas Secas/Barren Lives: Uma Análise do Produto

Drawing on Descriptive Translation Studies and the concept of norms proposed by Toury (1995/2012), this study aims to analyze the translation of cultural items in the Brazilian novel Vidas Secas (1938), by Graciliano Ramos, and translated into English, Barren Lives (1999), by Ralph Edward Dimmick. More specifically, the study aims at a) identifying the predominant group of translation strategies - syntactic, semantic, or pragmatic – (Chesterman, 1997/2016) used to translate cultural items (Newmark, 1988); b) examining which strategy is the most predominant in the translation of cultural items and c) analyzing if the most predominantly strategy used is related to Toury’s notion of norms. Data collection consisted of four steps: 1) source text reading; 2) identification of cultural items in the source text followed by their insertion in an Excel spreadsheet; 3) target text reading; and 4) selection of the translation given to each cultural item followed by their insertion in the spreadsheet. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. Results have shown that most strategies used by the translator belong to the pragmatic group. As for the most frequent type of strategy employed to translate the cultural items, the analysis has shown that most of them were translated through the use of Cultural filtering, which means the translator has adapted most of the items to functional or cultural equivalents in the target language. Using Cultural filtering (pragmatic strategy) indicates that the translator was influenced by norms of the target culture, based on ideas, values, and knowledge shared by an English-speaking community.Ancorado nos Estudos Descritivos da Tradução e no conceito de normas proposto por Toury (1995/2012), este estudo objetiva analisar a tradução de itens culturais no romance brasileiro Vidas Secas (1938) de Graciliano Ramos e em sua tradução para o inglês Barren lives (1999) por Ralph Edward Dimmick. Mais especificamente, objetivamos a) identificar o grupo predominante de estratégias de tradução - sintáticas, semânticas ou pragmáticas - (Chesterman, 1997/2016) utilizadas para traduzir itens culturais (Newmark, 1988); b) examinar qual estratégia predominou na tradução dos itens culturais e c) analisar se a estratégia predominante está relacionada ao conceito de normas proposto por Toury. A coleta de dados é composta por quatro passos: 1) leitura do texto fonte; 2) identificação dos itens culturais no texto fonte seguido de sua inserção em planilha Excel; 3) leitura do texto alvo; e 4) seleção da tradução de cada item cultural seguido de sua inserção na planilha. A análise dos dados foi realizada quantitativamente e qualitativamente. Os resultados mostram que a maioria das estratégias utilizadas pelos tradutores pertence ao grupo pragmático. Em relação ao tipo de estratégia utilizado mais frequentemente para traduzir os itens culturais, a análise revelou que a maioria deles foi traduzida por meio do Filtro Cultural, o que evidencia que o tradutor adaptou a maioria dos itens com o uso de equivalentes culturais ou funcionais na língua de chegada. A utilização do Filtro Cultural (estratégia pragmática) sugere que o tradutor foi influenciado pelas normas da cultura de chegada, baseando-se em ideias, valores e conhecimentos compartilhados pela comunidade falante de língua inglesa

Avanços na abordagem terapêutica da insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEP): O uso de inibidores de SGLT-2

A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEP) é a forma mais prevalente de IC em pacientes com mais de 65 anos e representa mais de 50% dos casos prevalentes de IC na população. As intervenções terapêuticas da ICFEP ainda estão sendo exploradas e pesquisadas, como o uso de inibidores de SGLT-2. O presente estudo de revisão buscou avaliar novos avanços na abordagem terapêutica da insuficiência cardíaca com fração de ejeção preservada (ICFEP) a partir do uso de inibidores de SGLT-2, documentados por meio de estudos clínicos e randomizados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos e testes controlados e aleatórios; artigos publicados no último ano; que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca do uso de inibidores de SGLT-2 na ICFEP. Ficou constatado que a dapagliflozina resultou em melhora dos sintomas relacionados à insuficiência cardíaca e limitações físicas nesses pacientes, bem como a canagliflozina, a qual trouxe resultados de melhora rápida e clinicamente significativa dos sintomas de IC. Já a empagliflozina demonstrou uma redução significativa no risco de morte cardiovascular ou hospitalizações por insuficiência cardíaca. Por fim, verificou-se que a ipragliflozina pode contribuir, em determinados subgrupos, reduzindo o índice de massa ventricular esquerda e, ainda, uma redução dos níveis de NT-proBNP, um marcador de disfunção ventricular. Dessa forma, os inibidores de SGLT-2 se fazem importantes medicações para a terapêutica efetiva da ICFEP atualmente

Transtornos psiquiátricos prevalentes na infância: lidando com desafios comportamentais.

Objective: This study aims to synthesize the evidence on psychiatric disorders in childhood, identifying intervention strategies. The aim is to offer a comprehensive view to guide clinical practices and promote understanding of these conditions. Methodology: The careful selection of the integrative review through critical reading and comprehensive analysis of articles aims to synthesize evidence on psychiatric disorders in childhood and intervention strategies, contributing to a practical understanding of these conditions, through the health descriptors: “Psychiatric Disorders”, “Behavioral Disorders”, “Child Psychiatry”. Results: The comparative analysis of psychiatric disorders in childhood reveals patterns and differences in therapeutic approaches, covering conditions such as ADHD, ASD, GAD and OCD. The coexistence of multiple disorders amplifies the complexity of treatment, requiring an integrated approach. Practitioners face the challenge of personalizing interventions, emphasizing the need for collaboration and adaptation in the holistic management of conditions. Conclusion: In conclusion, understanding the therapeutic nuances and challenges associated with co-existing childhood psychiatric disorders highlights the importance of personalized approaches and interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize treatment and improve children's well-being. The flexibility and adaptability of professionals are fundamental to face the complexity of these conditions.Objetivo: Este estudo visa sintetizar as evidências sobre transtornos psiquiátricos na infância, identificando estratégias de intervenção. Busca-se oferecer uma visão abrangente para orientar práticas clínicas e promover o entendimento dessas condições. Metodologia: A seleção criteriosa da revisão integrativa por meio da leitura crítica e análise abrangente de artigos visam sintetizar evidências sobre transtornos psiquiátricos na infância e estratégias de intervenção, contribuindo para uma compreensão prática dessas condições, através dos descritores de saúde: “Transtornos Psiquiátricos”, “Transtornos de Comportamento”, “Psiquiatria Infantil”. Resultados: A análise comparativa de transtornos psiquiátricos na infância revela padrões e diferenças nas abordagens terapêuticas, abrangendo condições como TDAH, TEA, TAG e TOC. A coexistência de múltiplos transtornos amplifica a complexidade do tratamento, exigindo uma abordagem integrada. Profissionais enfrentam o desafio de personalizar intervenções, enfatizando a necessidade de colaboração e adaptação na gestão holística das condições. Conclusão: Em conclusão, a compreensão das nuances terapêuticas e desafios associados à coexistência de transtornos psiquiátricos na infância destaca a importância de abordagens personalizadas e da colaboração interdisciplinar para otimizar o tratamento e melhorar o bem-estar das crianças. A flexibilidade e adaptabilidade dos profissionais são fundamentais para enfrentar a complexidade dessas condições

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Principal components for the in vivo and carcass conformations of Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats

<div><p>ABSTRACT: This study aimed to identify the principal components (PC) that explain the highest percentages of total variance and best characterize the in vivo and carcass morphologies of Anglo-Nubian crossbred goats. Nineteen carcass morphometric traits and six in vivo morphometric traits were measured in 28 kids at eight months of age. Principal component analysis indicated that five PC were able to explain 83.57% of the total variance in the 19 original carcass traits. Those components were termed PC1-Carcass Size, PC2 - Body Condition, PC3-Carcass Width, PC4-Chest Depth, and PC5 - Hindquarter. For in vivo morphometric traits, the first two principal components explained 78.86% of the total variance. These components were called PC1-In vivo Size and PC2-In vivo Conformation.</p></div

Aerobic Exercise Reduces Asthma Phenotype by Modulation of the Leukotriene Pathway

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-12-01T11:17:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 hugo_farianeto_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 2748450 bytes, checksum: 98a1c02d5f24481572e9101bed50a250 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-12-01T11:42:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 hugo_farianeto_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 2748450 bytes, checksum: 98a1c02d5f24481572e9101bed50a250 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T11:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 hugo_farianeto_etal_IOC_2016.pdf: 2748450 bytes, checksum: 98a1c02d5f24481572e9101bed50a250 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE). Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE). Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE). Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE). Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE). Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE). Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE). Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.University of São Paulo (USP). School of Medicine. Laboratory of Cellular Biology (LIM59). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.University of São Paulo (USP). School of Medicine. Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM 20). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.University of São Paulo (USP). School of Medicine. Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM 20). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.University of California Irvine. Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND Institute). Irvine, CA, USA.University of São Paulo (USP). School of Medicine. Department of Pathology (LIM 05). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.University Hospital Freiburg. Department of Pneumology. COPD and Asthma Research Group. Freiburg, Germany.Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE). Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.University of Tübingen. Department of Pneumology. Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET). Tübingen, Germany.Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE). Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE). Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI). São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Leukotrienes (LTs) play a central role in asthma. Low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (AE) reduces asthmatic inflammation in clinical studies and in experimental models. This study investigated whether AE attenuates LT pathway activation in an ovalbumin (OVA) model of asthma