Environmental toxins trigger PD-like progression via increased alpha-synuclein release from enteric neurons in mice

Pathological studies on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients suggest that PD pathology progresses from the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the olfactory bulb into the central nervous system. We have previously shown that environmental toxins acting locally on the ENS mimic this PD-like pathology progression pattern in mice. Here, we show for the first time that the resection of the autonomic nerves stops this progression. Moreover, our results show that an environmental toxin (i.e. rotenone) promotes the release of alpha-synuclein by enteric neurons and that released enteric alpha-synuclein is up-taken by presynaptic sympathetic neurites and retrogradely transported to the soma, where it accumulates. These results strongly suggest that pesticides can initiate the progression of PD pathology and that this progression is based on the transneuronal and retrograde axonal transport of alpha-synuclein. If confirmed in patients, this study would have crucial implications in the strategies used to prevent and treat PDThis work was supported by the Fritz-Thyssen Foundation, theGerman Parkinson’s disease Society and by Amelia Jimenez Gomez as private dono

Journal of Clinical Medicine / A Comparison of Dynamic Hip Screw and Two Cannulated Screws in the Treatment of Undisplaced Intracapsular Neck FracturesTwo-Year Follow-Up of 453 Patients

One of the most common fractures is that of the intracapsular femoral neck; however, the optimal implant for head-preserving treatment remains controversial. The aim of the study was to compare the outcomes of treating undisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures with either the dynamic hip screw (DHS) or the double cannulated screw fixation (CSFN). This retrospective cohort study analysed the data of 453 patients, with a mean age of 76.9 years, whose intracapsular fractures were treated with the DHS or CSFN between 2005 and 2013. The analysis focused on the rates of revision surgeries and complications; however, the impact of confounding exogenous factors, such as smoking and alcohol, were also considered. No significant difference was observed between the revision rates of DHS and CSFN (15.0% vs. 13.1%; p = 0.565). According to the complication rate, the advantage in favour of the CSFN was not significant (20.5% vs. 13.1%, p = 0.038). The use of the DHS was associated with a 13 min longer surgery (p < 0.0001) and a one day longer hospitalization (p = 0.242). Excessive consumption of alcohol was associated with an increased incidence of avascular necrosis (18.6% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.035). The choice of implant showed no significant impact on rates of revision surgery and complications. In terms of socioeconomic factors, the fixation with two cannulated screws was more favourable, making it the more cost-effective and less stressful method.(VLID)491528

Environmental toxins trigger PD-like progression via increased alpha-synuclein release from enteric neurons in mice

Pathological studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) patients suggest that PD pathology progresses from the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the olfactory bulb into the central nervous system. We have previously shown that environmental toxins acting locally on the ENS mimic this PD-like pathology progression pattern in mice. Here, we show for the first time that the resection of the autonomic nerves stops this progression. Moreover, our results show that an environmental toxin (i.e. rotenone) promotes the release of alpha-synuclein by enteric neurons and that released enteric alpha-synuclein is up-taken by presynaptic sympathetic neurites and retrogradely transported to the soma, where it accumulates. These results strongly suggest that pesticides can initiate the progression of PD pathology and that this progression is based on the transneuronal and retrograde axonal transport of alpha-synuclein. If confirmed in patients, this study would have crucial implications in the strategies used to prevent and treat PD