Effects of Supplementation with Microminerals on Production Indicators and Blood, Feces, and Urine Traces of Grazing Alpaca (Lama lama)

To analyze the effect of additional microminerals in the diet supplement on weight and diameter of alpaca fiber, the application of three doses of selenium and zinc (0.0; 1.0; and 1.5 cc) on the diet, on CRD factorial arrangement (3 x 2) + (3 x 2), was assessed. The results showed statistically significant differencences for treatments: selenium doses, ages, zinc doses, and for zinc interaction by ages (Se1E2 with 74.33 kg at 90 days, for height at the withers, Zn1E2, averaging 91.33 cm). Fiber length for treatments Se1E1 and Se1E2 averaged 3 cm. For fiber diameter, treatments 1 (Se0E1) and Se1E1, group 1, and treatments Zn0E2 and Zn1E1, group 2, showed the best fiber quality (P < 0.05), averaging 28 microns. Live weight and fiber quality from mature animals based on supplementation with Se and Zn had beneficial effects, which improved phenotypical features of production, like live weight, though residues were found in 3-5 year old animals

Efectos de la suplementación con microminerales en indicadores de producción y su residualidad en sangre, heces y orina de alpacas (Lama lama) en pastoreo.

Con el objetivo de analizar el efecto del nivel de suplemento de microminerales adicionales a la dieta sobre las variables alzada peso y diámetro de la fibra de alpacas, se evaluó la aplicación de tres dosis de selenio y zinc (0,0; 1,0 y 1,5 cc), bajo un (DCA) en arreglo factorial (3 x 2) + (3 x 2). Los resultados mostraron diferencias estadísticas para tratamientos: dosis de selenio, edades, dosis de zinc, edades y para la interacción zinc por edades (Se1E2 con 74,33 kg a los 90 días para alzada a la cruz, Zn1E2 con un promedio de 91,33 cm). La longitud de la fibra los tratamientos Se1E1 y Se1E2 con promedio de 3 cm. Para el diámetro de la fibra los tratamientos 1 (Se0E1) y tratamiento Se1E1 del grupo 1 y los tratamientos Zn0E2 y Zn1E1 del grupo 2 mostraron mejor calidad de la fibra (P < 0,05), con promedios de 28 micras. Se confirmó un efecto beneficioso en el peso vivo, calidad de la fibra en animales maduros de la suplementación con los microelementos Se y Zn, que mejoró las características fenotípicas de producción como el peso vivo, aunque manifestó residualidad en la orina de los animales de 3 a 5 años de edad.Effects of Supplementation with Microminerals on Production Indicators and Blood, Feces, and Urine Traces of Grazing alpaca (Lama lama) ABSTRACTIn this area was applied three doses of selenium and zinc (0.0; 1.0 and 1.5 cc), under a (DCA) in factorial arrangement (3 x 2) + (3 x 2) in order to analyze the effect of the level of additional mineral supplement micro (Selenium, Zinc) to the diet on the raised variables, weight and fiber diameter of alpacas. Results revealed statistical differences for treatment: selenium doses, age, Zinc doses, Zinc interaction for ages. For this, the treatment 4 (Se1E2) with 74.33 kg to 90 days to cross height (Zn1E2) with 91.33 cm average. The length fiber into treatments 3 (Se1E1) and 4 (Se1E2) with 3 cm average. For fiber diameter on treatments 1 (Se0E1) Treatment 3 (Se1E1) of group 1, treatments 8 (Zn0E2) and 9 (Zn1E1) which group 2 charged better fiber quality with 28 microns average. It was confirmed an beneficial effect on live weight and fiber quality in mature animals for mineral supply with Se and Zn con los microelements, that improved the production phenotypical characteristics like weight, but it was manifested minerals urine residuality in 3-5 years old animals

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Physical-productive characterization and typologies of diversified dairy systems in the highlands of Ecuador

The objective of this work was to characterize and establish a typology of Cotopaxi cattle systems in the northern Sierra region of Ecuador. The data were collected through direct surveys of 212 farmers and reflect the main technical, economic and productive aspects of the farms. The typology was established using multivariate analytical techniques. Cluster analysis revealed four groupings. Group I, defined as Small Family Farms (GPF), Group II, as Family Farms Farms (GMF), Group III, as Technified Family Farms Farms (GMFT) and Group IV, as Very Small Family Farms (GMPF). An ANAVA was applied. The evaluation indicated important differences in the group farms, despite the fact that they are developed in the same agroclimatic environment, operate in the same markets and also have similar information. The result is a varied universe of situations with significant variations between medium and small systems. By scale and by reason of their areas dedicated to livestock and crops and their productive and efficiency results measured as income for each activity and level of expenditure

Balance forrajero, de energía y nitrógeno en pastizales arborizados con Algarrobo (Prosopis juliflora (S.W.) DC.) bajo pastoreo de vacas lecheras

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Algarroba (Prosopis juliflora (S.W.) DC.) trees on nitrogenenergy forage contents, on Ecuadorian dairy farms grasslands. The study was made at ESPAM bovine facility, 15meters above sea level, in Manabí, 00º49’23’’, south latitude, and 80º11’01” west longitude, with 962.4 mm annual precipitatio n, between September 2011 and December 2014. The stocking rate was 1.09 LU/ha. There were 1-4 algarroba trees/ha by 2011, and 8-35 trees/ha, in 2014. Evaluations of forage nitrogen and energy were based on the effects of arborization. As a result, 52 t of DM were estimated in 2014, in comparison to the 21 t of 2011. Nitrogen was higher with increased arborization between 2011 (60.9 kg/ha), with greater nutrient intake from external sources, and 2014 (39.3 kg/ha), with less input of supplements and mineral fertilizers, and greater N2 contribution by arborization. Energy was higher in 2014, with an increase in algarroba population/ha. The increase of trees/ha favored forage yields, with improved N2 and energy efficiency, which was linked to the benefits acquired by the grassland, the contribution of livestock to the ecosystem, and the reduction in feeds and fertilizer

Materiales y metodologías docentes en el EEES: informe general de primer curso de la titulación de Telecomunicación

La red docente durante el curso 2006/07 ha realizado un estudio en cuanto a materiales y metodologías docentes en las asignaturas de primer curso de Ingeniería Técnica de Telecomunicación, especialidad en Sonido e Imagen. Esta titulación es impartida en la Escuela Politécnica Superior de la Universidad de Alicante. Dicho estudio está encaminado a suplir las necesidades que marca el nuevo Marco Europeo de Aprendizaje. Se ha definido una ficha de la asignatura (cuyos contenidos y estructura se detallan) que permita al alumnado una visión directa y lo más concisa posible de las actividades que se desarrollarán en cada asignatura a lo largo de su periodo lectivo. El conjunto de estas fichas conformará la denominada Agenda del Estudiante, que fomentará la organización personal de cada alumno. La puesta en común de las experiencias y conocimientos de los diversos miembros de la red debe redundar en una mayor eficacia de la docencia. En este trabajo se incluyen las experiencias de las siete asignaturas implicadas en el proceso