Moderne Sklavenarbeit in Brasilien zwischen Skandalisierung und Normalität

Dieser Beitrag behandelt moderne Sklavenarbeit in der Bekleidungsindustrie in São Paulo und der Holzkohleproduktion für die Stahl- und Eisenindustrie in der Region Carajás. Moderne Sklavenarbeit wird dabei als Dispositiv verstanden und im Rahmen dessen die Praxis der normativen Grenzziehung auf ihre Effekte hinterfragt. Dabei wird auf die Ebene umstrittener Repräsentationen von Erfahrungen der Ausbeutung, Entwürdigung und Ausbeutung sowie auf den Zusammenhang zwischen´ Staatsbürger*innenschaft und Arbeitsmarktintegration eingegangen. Zudem wird die Frage diskutiert, wie unterschiedliche Regulierungsebenen moralischer und rechtlicher Verantwortung für Menschen- und Arbeitsrechtsverletzungen in globalen Produktionsnetzwerken in Bezug zu lokalen und interpersonellen Konfliktkonstellationen und Gewaltverhältnissen analysiert werden können

Alles hat seine Zeit? Zeittheoretische Perspektiven auf Arbeit und Migration

Vermehrt wird in der Migrationsforschung auf die konstitutive Rolle von Zeit hingewiesen. Auch der Umgang mit Unsicherheit und fehlender Planbarkeit von Seiten der Migrant*innen ist dabei zentral. Besonders deutlich tritt dies mit Blick auf die Arbeitsmarktinklusion zutage, welche häufig durch zeitliche Begrenzung von Migrationsprojekten sowie von Arbeits- und Aufenthaltsgenehmigungen geprägt ist. Die zentrale These dieses Beitrags lautet, dass die Zeitperspektive dazu beiträgt, Konflikte in der Arbeitswelt besser zu verstehen, und der Fokus auf arbeitsbezogene Konflikte zugleich auch zu einer theoretischen Schärfung der Zeitdimension beiträgt. Ziel des konzeptionellen Artikels ist es, die Forschung zu Arbeitsmigration und sozialwissenschaftliche Zeitforschung zusammenzubringen und mögliche heuristische und methodologische Zugänge zu diesem Feld auszuloten. There is a Time for Everything? Time‐Theoretical Perspectives on Work and Migration Migration research increasingly highlights the constitutive role of time. Also, migrantsʹ dealing with uncertainty and the lack of predictability is important. This is particularly evident with regard to labor market inclusion, which is often characterized by temporally limited migration projects as well as work and residence permits. The central argument of this article is that the time perspective helps to better understand conflicts in the world of work and that the focus on conflicts also contributes to a theoretical sharpening of the temporal dimension. The aim of this conceptual article is to bring together research on labor migration and social science research on time and to explore possible heuristic and methodological approaches to this field

Constructing Common Meeting Places: A Strategy for Mitigating the Social Isolation of Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods?

Community planning has undergone changes in direction over time, from a traditional neighbourhood approach seeking to ensure well-functioning local communities to a newer focus on the feasibility of neighbourhood-based urban renewal for combating segregation. The latter initially concentrated on the internal social relations of disadvantaged neighbourhoods, but nowadays the focus for interventions is changing towards opening up such neighbourhoods to improve their external relations with more affluent surrounding districts. This article unfolds the visions related to a new urban planning strategy for constructing common meeting places inside disadvantaged neighbourhoods, which seem closely related to the political discourses about the need for opening these neighbourhoods up. Specifically, the article scrutinises the visions for two meeting places currently being constructed in two Danish neighbourhoods characterised as disadvantaged, and it examines which problems these meeting places seek to solve and how they are intended to provide for publicness. The study reveals that, despite being part of the same strategic funding programme and having similar problem framings, it is claimed that the two future meeting places will provide for publicness in distinct and context-specific ways. Furthermore, we show that the way problem representations entangled in specific political discourses are being manifested in specific local planning strategies may have contingent, yet potentially pervasive social and physical consequences for local neighbourhoods

Delayed reconfiguration of a non-emotional task set through reactivation of an emotional task set in task switching: an ageing study

In our everyday life, we frequently switch between different tasks, a faculty that changes with age. However, it is still not understood how emotion impacts on age-related changes in task switching. Using faces with emotional and neutral expressions, Experiment 1 investigated younger (n = 29; 18–38 years old) and older adults’ (n = 32; 61–80 years old) ability to switch between an emotional and a non-emotional task (i.e. responding to the face's expression vs. age). In Experiment 2, younger and older adults also viewed emotional and neutral faces, but switched between two non-emotional tasks (i.e. responding to the face's age vs. gender). Data from Experiment 1 demonstrated that switching from an emotional to a non-emotional task was slower when the expression of the new face was emotional rather than neutral. This impairment was observed in both age groups. In contrast, Experiment 2 revealed that neither younger nor older adults were affected by block-wise irrelevant emotion when switching between two non-emotional tasks. Overall, the findings suggest that task-irrelevant emotion can impair task switching through reactivation of the competing emotional task set. They also suggest that this effect and the ability to shield task-switching performance from block-wise irrelevant emotion are preserved in ageing

The use of a chronic disease and risk factor surveillance system to determine the age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of obesity and diabetes in South Australian adults--2003-2013

Age, period and cohort (APC) analyses, using representative, population-based descriptive data, provide additional understanding behind increased prevalence rates

Формирование эмоциональной культуры как компонента инновационной культуры студентов

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders1 and Darwin was one of the first to recognise that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness2. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity, ROH), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power3,4. Here we use ROH to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity (SROH) and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in 1 second (FEV1), general cognitive ability (g) and educational attainment (nominal p<1 × 10−300, 2.1 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−10, 1.8 × 10−10). In each case increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing convincing evidence for the first time that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples5,6, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection7, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been

Fusion Learning Conference 2023 - proceedings

Welcome to the 3rd annual Fusion Learning Conference at BU. The event provides a hub for the exchange of knowledge, pedagogical innovations, and cutting-edge research that shape the landscape of our learning and teaching. This year we are hosting the largest number of submissions to the conference and look forward to an exciting line up of guest speaker from IBM presenting on the influence of Artificial Intelligence on higher education; a BU panel of experts sharing their insight about some of the emerging themes in our learning and teaching and preparing our students for future of work; staff presentations and discussions including, student engagement, digital transformation, academic integrity, inclusive and sustainability in the curriculum design. I hope that you find this selection of posters and abstracts to be enlightening