Potassium layered polytitanates influence on low-pressure polyethylene properties in wide concentrations range

Thermoplastic composites based on low-pressure polyethylene and layered potassium titanates have been made in the work. We have shown the possibility to processing the composites into the products by injection molding at polytitanates content up to 50%wt. Technological properties of composites at low concentrations of filler are established. Layered potassium polytitanates influence on the mechanical and thermophysical properties of low-pressure polyethylene in a wide range of concentrations is investigated: from 1 to 50 %wt. Essential increase of complex of mechanical properties of polyethylene at introduction of small amounts of layered potassium polytitanates is shown. Due to the layered structure of the potassium polytitanates with particle size of about 500 nm in diameter and a thickness of less than 10 nm durability to shock loads increase comparable to the results of the introduction of fibrous potassiumhexatitanates is reached

Potassium layered polytitanates influence on low-pressure polyethylene properties in wide concentrations range

Thermoplastic composites based on low-pressure polyethylene and layered potassium titanates have been made in the work. We have shown the possibility to processing the composites into the products by injection molding at polytitanates content up to 50%wt. Technological properties of composites at low concentrations of filler are established. Layered potassium polytitanates influence on the mechanical and thermophysical properties of low-pressure polyethylene in a wide range of concentrations is investigated: from 1 to 50 %wt. Essential increase of complex of mechanical properties of polyethylene at introduction of small amounts of layered potassium polytitanates is shown. Due to the layered structure of the potassium polytitanates with particle size of about 500 nm in diameter and a thickness of less than 10 nm durability to shock loads increase comparable to the results of the introduction of fibrous potassiumhexatitanates is reached

Contracts in the commercial law of foreign countries: topical issues of theory and practice

Commercial contracts are the main tool for regulating relations between enterprises, regardless of their geographical location.The purpose of the research is the analysis and study of modern trends, features, and problems related to the conclusion and execution of commercial contracts in foreign countries. The main tasks are: 1. Study of the main principles of commercial law of foreign countries. Consideration of key aspects of commercial law of different countries, such as the principles of contract law, executive law, and other important aspects affecting the conclusion and performance of contracts. 2. Study of current problems and challenges. Consideration of modern problems of conclusion, execution, and disputes under contracts in the commercial law of foreign countries, such as problems of electronic commerce, international trade disputes, protection of consumer rights, and other relevant issues. 3. Study of international trends. Analysis of modern international trends in the field of commercial law, such as the harmonization of legal norms, the development of electronic commerce, the impact of technology on the conclusion and performance of contracts, international cooperation, and integration. Current theoretical approaches, principles, and general rules related to commercial contracts in foreign countries are studied. The problems arising in the practice of conclusion and execution of such contracts have been identified. Common principles and features of regulation of commercial contracts in various foreign countries are established

Secondary polyvinyl butyral modified with potassium polytitanate for coatings with improved mechanical properties

The technology of laminated glass is accompanied with a large amount of polyvinyl butyral wastes, which are used for recycling due to mechanical properties of recycled PVB as these properties are lower than those of the original polymer. The properties of composite coatings based on secondary polyvinyl butyral modified with potassium polytitanate were investigated. The composite coating was obtained by polyvinyl butyral dissolved in ethyl alcohol and then dispersed potassium polytitanate into a solution. The resulting suspension was poured onto the surface of a solid substrate and then dried. The research shows that the surface modification of potassium polytitanate with different coupling agents significantly improves the polymer composite mechanical properties. The investigation of various homogenization techniques established a possibility for a significant improvement in the properties of a polyvinyl butyral composite by treatment in a ball mill. The mechanism interactions among the coupling agents, binders, and surface fillers were determined. The research also highlights the possibility of secondary polyvinyl butyral recycling and the production of films with high mechanical properties

Secondary polyvinyl butyral modified with potassium polytitanate for coatings with improved mechanical properties

The technology of laminated glass is accompanied with a large amount of polyvinyl butyral wastes, which are used for recycling due to mechanical properties of recycled PVB as these properties are lower than those of the original polymer. The properties of composite coatings based on secondary polyvinyl butyral modified with potassium polytitanate were investigated. The composite coating was obtained by polyvinyl butyral dissolved in ethyl alcohol and then dispersed potassium polytitanate into a solution. The resulting suspension was poured onto the surface of a solid substrate and then dried. The research shows that the surface modification of potassium polytitanate with different coupling agents significantly improves the polymer composite mechanical properties. The investigation of various homogenization techniques established a possibility for a significant improvement in the properties of a polyvinyl butyral composite by treatment in a ball mill. The mechanism interactions among the coupling agents, binders, and surface fillers were determined. The research also highlights the possibility of secondary polyvinyl butyral recycling and the production of films with high mechanical properties

The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60 % from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019)Swiss National Science Foundation | Ref. 200021_16959

The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

The Eurasian (nee European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60% from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019).Peer reviewe

The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Abstract. The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60 % from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019).</jats:p

Current status and trends of biological invasions in the Lagoon of Venice, a hotspot of marine NIS introductions in the Mediterranean Sea

This paper provides an updated account of the occurrence and abundance of non-indigenous species (NIS) in an area of high risk of introduction: the Lagoon of Venice (Italy). This site is a known hotspot of NIS introductions within the Mediterranean Sea, hosting all the most important vectors of introduction of marine NIS—shipping, recreational boating, shellfish culture and live seafood trade. The recent literature demonstrates that the number of NIS in Venice is continuously changing, because new species are being introduced or identified, and new evidence shows either an exotic origin of species previously believed to be native, or a native origin of formerly believed ‘‘aliens’’, or demonstrates the cryptogenic nature of others. The number of NIS introduced in the Venetian lagoon currently totals 71, out of which 55 are established. This number exceeds those displayed by some nations like Finland, Portugal or Libya. Macroalgae are the taxonomic group with the highest number of introduced species (41 % of NIS): the most likely vector for their introduction is shellfish culture. The source region of NIS introduced to Venice is mainly represented by other Mediterranean or European sites (76 %). The Lagoon of Venice represents a sink but also a source of NIS in the Mediterranean Sea, as it is the site of first record of several NIS, which have since further spread elsewhere.This paper provides an updated account of the occurrence and abundance of non-indigenous species (NIS) in an area of high risk of introduction: the Lagoon of Venice (Italy). This site is a known hotspot of NIS introductions within the Mediterranean Sea, hosting all the most important vectors of introduction of marine NIS-shipping, recreational boating, shellfish culture and live seafood trade. The recent literature demonstrates that the number of NIS in Venice is continuously changing, because new species are being introduced or identified, and new evidence shows either an exotic origin of species previously believed to be native, or a native origin of formerly believed "aliens", or demonstrates the cryptogenic nature of others. The number of NIS introduced in the Venetian lagoon currently totals 71, out of which 55 are established. This number exceeds those displayed by some nations like Finland, Portugal or Libya. Macroalgae are the taxonomic group with the highest number of introduced species (41 % of NIS): the most likely vector for their introduction is shellfish culture. The source region of NIS introduced to Venice is mainly represented by other Mediterranean or European sites (76 %). The Lagoon of Venice represents a sink but also a source of NIS in the Mediterranean Sea, as it is the site of first record of several NIS, which have since further spread elsewhere