Programa funerário dos Tupinambá em Araruama, RJ - Sítio Bananeiras.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar informações significativas sobre um sepultamento presente no sítio arqueológico Bananeiras, Araruama, RJ, relacionado à ocupação Tupinambá. Destaca-se a preservação de remanescentes esqueléticos, os quais, embora friáveis, permitiram a realização de análises osteológicas macroscópicas, revelando um sepultamento primário de indivíduo do sexo feminino, sem sinais patológicos evidentes, à exceção de lesões cariosas compatíveis com a estratégia de subsistência postulada para o grupo a que pertenceu. A comparação dos dados procedentes de outros sítios pesquisados nos permite lançar a hipótese da existência de um programa funerário uniforme na região, caracterizado pela presença de uma funerária com tampa e tigelas pintadas associadas. Apesar de confirmado o enterramento primário em uma, a ausência de vestígios esqueléticos passíveis de análise em sítios semelhantes não permite estabelecer esta prática como exclusiva na região.In this article, we aim to present significant information about the mortuary structure found in the “Bananeiras” archaeological site (Araruama, RJ) related to theTupinamba settlement. The preservation of skeletal remains was observed and, although friable, they have permitted macroscopical osteologic analysis that revealed the primary burial of a female individual, with non evident pathological signs, except for some dental caries, compatible to the subsistence strategy postulated for the group she belonged to. Cross-examination with research data from other sites allows us to assume the existence of an uniform mortuary program in that area, characterized by the presence of a mortuary um with a lid and the associated painted bowls. Although the primary burial inside the um has been confirmed, the absence of skeletal vestiges capable of being analyzed in similar sites does not allow us to establish this practice as exclusive in the area. It will take new discoveries to clarify this issue

Treatment of the dead amongst the Sambaquieiros, Tupinambá and Goitacá that occupied the “Região dos Lagos”, Rio de Janeiro State

This paper intends to establish a comparative dimension amongst different cultural groups which have occupied the “Região dos Lagos”, at the Southeast shore of Brazil and to focus the study on the funerary ritual – in this case understood as a central aspect of social life. We present the colonization process of the region, considering it as a pilot area that keeps important information about the occupation of the east portion of South America. Thus, the study approaches colonization, social interaction and control of the territory related to the Sambaquieiro, Tupi and Macro-Jê groups and intends to link information deriving from archaeology, anthropology, history and the reports of the chroniclers.O artigo tem como objetivo estabelecer uma dimensão comparativa entre diferentes grupos culturais que ocuparam a Região dos Lagos, litoral sudeste do Brasil, focando o estudo do ritual funerário, aqui entendido como um aspecto central da vida social. Apresentamos o processo de colonização da região, considerando-a como uma área piloto que guarda importantes informações sobre a ocupação da porção leste da América do Sul. Dessa forma, o estudo aborda colonização, interação social e controle de território relacionado aos grupos Sambaquieiro, Tupi e Macro-Jê e procura correlacionar informações provenientes da arqueologia, antropologia, história, bem como relatos dos cronistas

Uma cápsula do tempo: o uso potencial de recursos naturais por visitantes pré-coloniais no arquipélago das Cagarras, Rio de Janeiro

O Arquipélago das Cagarras consiste em um verdadeiro cartão postal da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, sendo visível de toda a sua orla. Em dezembro de 2011 foram descobertos alguns artefatos líticos pré-históricos e dezenas de fragmentos de cerâmica tupiguarani na Ilha Redonda, além de exemplar remanescente de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas), com evidências de ter sido introduzido no período pré-colonial. O presente trabalho objetiva examinar o uso potencial de recursos da paisagem do arquipélago por populações pré-coloniais a partir da cultura material encontrada e das características do ecossistema. Além de apresentar um inestimável patrimônio biológico, este arquipélago guarda um notável registro sobre o passado da história humana na região

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Revista do Museu Paulista e(m) capas: identidade e representação institucional em texto e imagem

Este artigo propõe reflexão sobre a escrita da história, a partir de estudo das capas da Revista do Museu Paulista, especialmente durante as gestões dos dois primeiros diretores da instituição, quando certa continuidade editorial foi preservada. Tomadas como "fontes", ou seja, objeto de trabalho do historiador, as capas revelam vestígios de processos que permitem reconstruir, em suas dimensões históricas, as complexas imbricações entre a produção da Revista, sua materialidade, e os atos de leitura e interpretação que condicionam e refletem relações entre produtores de textos e seus leitores nas primeiras décadas do século XX, a partir de São Paulo, onde era editada.This paper offers a reflection about the writing of History, based on the study of Revista do Museu Paulista's covers, noticeably during the term of its two first directors, when a certain editorial continuity was preserved. Taken as "sources", namely as historian subjects, those covers reveal evidences of practices that allow one to reconstitute, in its historic dimensions, the complex connection between the creation of the Revista, its materiality, and the reading and interpretation efforts that condition and reflect liaisons with writers and readers during the first decades of the XXth Century, from São Paulo, where it was published.

Étude de l'occupation Tupiguarani dans la région sud-est de l'état de Rio de Janeiro, Brésil

Cette étude se réfère aux groupes céramistes Tupiguaranis qui occupèrent Ie Complexe Lagunaire d' Araruama, sud-est de Rio de Janeiro, Brésil. Notre interprétation s'appuie sur des recherches réalisées dans sept sites archéologiques. Si nous prenons comme référence les sources relatives aux XVIe siècle, les fouilles et I'analyse de la culture matérielle, nous pouvons considérer que ces sites furent occupes, principalement, par des populations ancestrales des Tupinambas, entre 2600 +- 160 ans BP et Ie milieu du XVle siècle, en pleine période de contact avec les Européens. Des analyses sur les structures funéraires présentent des indices de la pratique de l'anthropophagie. Furent analysés des foyers lies à l'activité quotidienne et aux pratiques cérémonielles. Nos données sur les rituels funéraires indiquent un modèle qui résista aux changements provoques par Ie contact, et se maintint de façon quasi inaltérée depuis les moments les plus anciens de l'occupation jusqu'au XVle siècle.PARIS1-BU Pierre Mendès-France (751132102) / SudocSudocFranceF

A new age to an old site: the earliest Tupiguarani settlement in Rio de Janeiro State?

This paper presents unexpectedly early dates for a Tupiguarani settlement in Southeastern Brazil. One radiocarbon dating of 1740 ± 90 yr BP (1820-1390 cal yr BP) was already available for the Morro Grande site (Araruama, southeastern coast of Rio de Janeiro State). Two new dates, obtained from charcoal samples, are reported here. An age of 2920 ± 70 yr BP (3220-2790 cal yr BP) was obtained from a specialized hearth, probably used for cooking ceramics; a funerary hearth at the same archaeological locus was dated at 2600 ± 160 yr BP (3000-2150 cal yr BP). Both measurements were made independently, indifferent laboratories, arguing for their validity. These results considerably age the arrival time of Tupiguarani populations to the coastal region of Southeastern Brazil. They may have important implications to the hypotheses about the origin and dispersion of these populations from Amazonia, supporting the claim of recent authors who consider that their expansion must have begun well before 2000 yrs BP