Simultaneous measurement of nitrous acid, nitric acid, and nitrogen dioxide by means of a novel multipollutant diffusive sampler in libraries and archives

A novel multipollutant diffusive sampler for HONO, HNO3, and NO2 was used and tested at four different libraries/archives in different seasons. Two were located in Switzerland in Bern (Swiss National Library) and Geneve (Bibliotheque de Geneve), both with HVAC system equipped with filters for pollutants removal, and the other two in the Czech Republic in Teplice (Regional Library) and in Prague (National Archives), where in this case the former is naturally ventilated and whereas the latter is equipped with HVAC system with filtration. The ratios between indoor and outdoor concentrations of NO2 showed a greater penetration of pollutants indoors in the naturally ventilated library than in the filtrated archives. The indoor concentrations of HNO3 were very low probably due to the high deposition velocity of nitric acid on available surfaces. HONO concentration values were usually lower outdoors, which indicated that HONO was produced by reactions on indoor surfaces. The results revealed that the reproducibility of the new multipollutant sampler measurements was reasonable (according to EU directives) for NO2 and HNO3 and that the newly developed multipollutant sampler can be used in archives and libraries, allowing to map the pollutants distribution indoors. Due to high efficiency of insulating systems normally employed and of filtration systems, the values recorded for the pollutants indoors are often lower than the detection limits

O Mannosylation of α-Dystroglycan Is Essential for Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Receptor Function

α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) was identified as a common receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and several other arenaviruses including the human pathogenic Lassa fever virus. Initial work postulated that interactions between arenavirus glycoproteins and α-DG are based on protein-protein interactions. We found, however, that susceptibility toward LCMV infection differed in various cell lines despite them expressing comparable levels of DG, suggesting that posttranslational modifications of α-DG would be involved in viral receptor function. Here, we demonstrate that glycosylation of α-DG, and in particular, O mannosylation, which is a rare type of O-linked glycosylation in mammals, is essential for LCMV receptor function. Cells that are defective in components of the O-mannosylation pathway showed strikingly reduced LCMV infectibility. As defective O mannosylation is associated with severe clinical symptoms in mammals such as congenital muscular dystrophies, it is likely that LCMV and potentially other arenaviruses may have selected this conserved and crucial posttranslational modification as the primary target structure for cell entry and infection

Air Quality Assessment in the Central Mediterranean Sea (Tyrrhenian Sea): Anthropic Impact and Miscellaneous Natural Sources, including Volcanic Contribution, on the Budget of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

The results of air pollution assessment during a 2017 cruise of the research ship “Minerva Uno” in the Tyrrhenian Sea are reported. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compounds (OVOCs), and pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, ozone, and sulphur dioxide were monitored throughout the cruise. The shallow waters at ten sites of the investigated area were also analyzed. Organic compounds such as n-alkanes showed a bimodal distribution with a maximum at C5–C6 and C10–C11 at sites the most affected by anthropic impact, whereas remote sites showed a unimodal distribution with maximum at C10–C11. The most abundant atmospheric OVOC was acetone (3.66 μg/m3), accounting for 38%; formaldehyde (1.23 μg/m3) and acetaldehyde (0.99 μg/m3) made up about 22–29% of the total. The influence of some natural sources as volcanoes, in the southern part of the Tyrrhenian Sea near the Aeolian arc was studied. This source did not induce any noticeable effect on the total amount of hydrocarbons nor on the levels of trace gases such as CFCs, whereas the trends of sulphur dioxide seemed to confirm a possible contribution. The impact of underwater emissions was observed near the Panarea and Vulcano islands, where lower pHs, high levels of Fe and Mn, and diagnostic of vent activity, were measured

Après le texte

Textes réunis et présentés par Rudolf Mahrer La critique génétique a longtemps considéré que le processus d’élaboration des œuvres prenait fin avec la publication. L’avant-texte était son territoire. L’après-texte relevait d’autres approches. Ce numéro de Genesis interroge cette position en s’autorisant pour la première fois un regard large sur la pratique de la réécriture après publication. Car Andersen, Schopenhauer, Mallarmé, Balzac, Ramuz, Cendrars, Reverdy, Derrida ou Duras ne s’en sont pas laissé compter : chez eux comme chez bien d’autres, le processus créatif n’a pas toujours été arrêté par la première publication (ni même parfois par la deuxième, la troisième…). Les études réunies ici – comme les images ébouriffantes de livres couverts de ratures, ou encore le témoignage d’un réécrivain invétéré : Jean Starobinski – font bien sentir que les cas de réécriture après édition ne se réduisent pas à des « exceptions qui confirment la règle ». Que change-t-on à une œuvre pourtant « finie » et déjà livrée au public ? Et pourquoi changer encore ? Répondre à ces deux questions, de manière singulière (sections « Études ») ou plus générale (section « Enjeux »), conduit à réenvisager les relations entre philologie et génétique, ou entre écriture et publication. Car la mise en circulation du texte ne signe pas la fin de son élaboration, mais transforme les conditions de sa poursuite. Composant avec la première réception de l’œuvre ou les collaborateurs de l’édition, la phase post-éditoriale de la création est sans conteste la plus contrainte. Ce n’est pas le moindre de ses intérêts, le livre n’étant pas un brouillon tout à fait comme les autres