Germinação de sementes de Phaseolus vulgaris L. submetidas a diferentes tratamentos com bioestimulante

Plant growth biostimulants are used in seed treatment because they increase the percentage and speed of germination The objective of this work was to evaluate the germination of bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), BRS Esteio cultivar, pre-soaked in different doses of a commercial biostimulant, composed of 50 mg L-1 of indolebutyric acid, 90 mg L-1 of kinetin and 50 mg L-1 of gibberellic acid. The treatments were: 7.5 mL, 10 mL, 25 mL and 50 mL of biostimulant per kg of seeds and a control treatment with pre-soaking in sterile distilled water. It was evaluate the germination rate (%), germination velocity index (IVG), mean shoot length (CMPA), mean root length (CMR), fresh shoot biomass (BFPA), dry shoot biomass BSPA), fresh root biomass (BFR) and dry root biomass (BSR) of germinated seeds. The dose of 10 mL kg-1 of seed had the highest percentage of germination (84%) and the highest IVG. The same treatment showed significantly higher mean values for CMPA, CMR, BFR and BSR. BFPA and BSPA were negatively affected by biostimulant pre-soaking. It was concluded that the dose of 10 mL of biostimulant per kg of seeds resulted in a higher percentage and speed of germination, shoot and root lengthening, and increase of fresh and dry biomass of the roots, while the different dosages of biostimulant in the treatment of bean seeds provided a decrease in the accumulation of fresh and dry shoot biomass in the germinated seeds.O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a germinação de sementes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cultivar BRS Esteio, pré-embebidas em diferentes doses de um bioestimulante comercial, composto por 50 mg L-1 de ácido indolbutírico, 90 mg L-1 de cinetina e 50 mg L-1 de ácido giberélico. Os tratamentos adotados foram: 7,5 mL, 10 mL, 25 mL e 50 mL de bioestimulante por Kg de sementes e, um tratamento controle, com pré-embebição em água destilada estéril. Avaliou-se a germinação (%), índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), comprimento médio da parte aérea (CMPA), comprimento médio das raízes (CMR), biomassa fresca da parte aérea (BFPA), biomassa seca da parte aérea (BSPA), biomassa fresca das raízes (BFR) e biomassa seca das raízes (BSR) das sementes germinadas. A dose de 10 mL kg-1 de semente apresentou a maior porcentagem de germinação (84%) e o maior IVG. O mesmo tratamento apresentou significativamente as maiores médias para CMPA, CMR, BFR e BSR. A BFPA e BSPA foram afetadas negativamente pela pré-embebição com bioestimulante. Conclui-se que a dose de 10 mL de bioestimulante por Kgde sementes resultou em maior porcentagem e velocidade de germinação, alongamento da parte aérea e das raízes e, incremento da biomassa fresca e seca das raízes, enquanto as diferentes dosagens de bioestimulante no tratamento de sementes de feijão proporcionaram decréscimo no acúmulo de biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea nas sementes germinadas

NOTAS E RESENHAS

UMA ENTREVISTA COM PAUL CLAVAL - Sylvio Bandeira de Mello e Silva. ANÁLISE LOCACIONAL EM GEOGRAFIA - CONS IDERAÇÕES TEÓRICAS E METODOLÓGICAS - Augusto Cesar Zeferino MAPEAMENTO DE PONTOS SENSÍVEIS A IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS SOBRE OS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS EM RIO CLARO (SP) - Lucy Marion Calderini Philadelpho Machado, Roseana Correa Grilo, Elaine Regina Alves, Sandra Kioko Cortes CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE TERRAS NA APA DO RIO SÃO BARTOLOMEU - DF - Maria Novaes Pinto, Tânia Maria Vieira da Silva, Roselir de Oliveira Nascimento NOVAS DIMENSÕES NA GEOGRAFlA INDUSTRIAL - Auro Aparecido Mendes MEIO AMBIENTE: PERCEPÇÕES, ATITUDES E VALORES - Lucy M. C. P. Machado HISTÓRIA DA ECOLOGIA - Maria Juraci Zani dos Santos POLUIÇÃO ATMOSFERICA E CHUVAS ÁCIDAS - Anderson Luís Hebling Christofoletti DAS BASES METEOROLÓGICAS À CLIMATOLOGIA APLICADA - Antonio Christofoletti OCEANOGRAFIA, HIDROLOGIA E RECURSOS HÍDRICOS - Antonio Christofolett

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Potential geographic distribution of Hantavirus reservoirs in Brazil

Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome is an emerging zoonosis in Brazil. Human infections occur via inhalation of aerosolized viral particles from excreta of infected wild rodents. Necromys lasiurus and Oligoryzomys nigripes appear to be the main reservoirs of hantavirus in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. We estimated and compared ecological niches of the two rodent species, and analyzed environmental factors influencing their occurrence, to understand the geography of hantavirus transmission. N. lasiurus showed a wide potential distribution in Brazil, in the Cerrado, Caatinga, and Atlantic Forest biomes. Highest climate suitability for O. nigripes was observed along the Brazilian Atlantic coast. Maximum temperature in the warmest months and annual precipitation were the variables that most influence the distributions of N. lasiurus and O. nigripes, respectively. Models based on occurrences of infected rodents estimated a broader area of risk for hantavirus transmission in southeastern and southern Brazil, coinciding with the distribution of human cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. We found no demonstrable environmental differences among occurrence sites for the rodents and for human cases of hantavirus. However, areas of northern and northeastern Brazil are also apparently suitable for the two species, without broad coincidence with human cases. Modeling of niches and distributions of rodent reservoirs indicates potential for transmission of hantavirus across virtually all of Brazil outside the Amazon Basin

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

NOTAS E RESENHAS

PIERRE MONBEIG, O PATRIARCA DA GEOGRAFIA PAULISTA E NACIONAL - Silvio Carlos BRAY FORMAÇÃO DE GEÓGRAFOS NA REPÚBLICA DEMOCRÁTICA ALEMÃ - Sylvio C. BANDEIRA DE MELLO E SILVA IMPACTO AMBIENTAL NA REGIÃO DE BRASILIA: AS CASCALHEIRAS - Maria NOVAES PINTO; Luiz Gonzaga FONSECA; Fernando MONTEIRO RIBEIRO IMPORTÂNCIA DO MONITORAMENTO EM AREAS AGRÍCOLAS - Miguel Cezar SANCHEZ; Nanci Aparecida VISACCHERO ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE HÍDRICA PELA APLICAÇÃO DE BIO-INDICADORES (Contribuição aos Estudos Biogeográficos de Ambientes Aquáticos) - Adler G. VIADANA O TRABALHO INFORMAL NAS METRÓPOLES BRASILEIRAS: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA - Pedro DE ALMEIDA VASCONCELOS A VARIABILIDADE DAS TEMPERATURAS EM FUNÇÃO DE CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS VERTENTES - Anderson Luis HEBLING CHRISTOFOLETTI; Maria Juraci ZANI DOS SANTOS; Nádia Regina DO NASCIMENTO MIGRAÇÃO INTRA-URBANA: ALGUNS PROBLEMAS PARA A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE PROJETOS DE INVESTIGAÇÃO - Odeibler SANTO GUIDUGLI GEOGRAFIA INDUSTRIAL - Silvia SELINGARDI SAMPAIO DA VIDA BUCÓLICA AO USO DO SOLO E EXPLORAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS NATURAIS - Antonio CHRISTOFOLLETTI PROCESSOS POLÍTICOS E SÓCIO-ECONÔMICOS ATUANTES NA ORGANIZAÇÃO DOS SISTEMAS ESPACIAIS - Antonio CHRISTOFOLLETTI PROBLEMÁTICAS FOCALIZADAS EM GEOGRAFIA URBANA - Antonio CHRISTOFOLLETTI GEOGRAFIA DA POPULAÇÃO - Odeibler SANTO GUIDUGLI APLICAÇÕES HIDROLÓGICAS DA TECNOLOGIA ESPACIAL - Maria Isabel C. DE FREITAS RECURSOS ECONÔMICOS - Lucy Marion CALDERINI PHILADELPHO MACHADO AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA DO MEIO AMBIENTE, SISTEMAS NATURAIS E DESENVOLVIMENTO - Ana Tereza CORTEZ MORAES BIOGEOGRAFIA E MEIO AMBIENTE - Walter Cecílio BRINO A TRANSIÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA EM CARTOGRAFIA - Miguel Cezar SANCHEZ MACMILLAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENVIRONMENT - Rolando BERRÍOS EARTH SCIENCE (PUPIL EDITION) - M. O. UMENWEKE EARTH SCIENCE (TEACHER EDlTION) - M. O. UMENWEK