Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue : Case report and literature review

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a common malignant neoplasm originated from salivary glands. The clinical and pathological findings typical of this tumor include slow growth, perineural invasion, and potential local recurrence. It accounts for nearly 2% to 4% of head and neck area tumors. In minor salivary glands it usually affects the palate. We described herein the case of a patient who presented a posterior tongue lesion, which was treated with surgery and radiotherapy as additional treatment. We also carried out a brief literature review on the subject

A Contribuição dos Museus para a Institucionalização e Difusão da Paleontologia.

Since the calls “cabinets of curiosities", the essence of natural history was consolidating itself with the birth of the museums and the development of the Museums of Natural History. This consolidation was reached through following activities: expeditions, field trips, collection classification works, catalogues of diffusion of scientific knowledge, educativ activities and expositions. The present paper intends to discuss the importance of the museal institutions for the studies of Paleontology; since the museums of Natural History had exerted a pioneering paper in the institutionalization of certain areas of knowledge, as Palaeontology, Anthropology and Experimental Physiology, in Brazil. The Paleontological studies in museums had collaborated in the specialization and modernization of the appearance of "new museum idea". As this new concept the museum is a space of diffusion of scientific knowledge, represented as an object that reflects the identity of the society without an obligator linking with physical constructions. However, the Brazilian museums have been sufficientlyobsolete, with problems that involve acquisition and maintenance of collections to production of temporary or permanent exhibitions. When the Brazilian institutions of natural history are analyzed they are not organized on the new museum conception and the digital age as the North American and European ones. Despite the difficulties found by the Museums since its birth as Institution in the 18th century, the contemporary development of Museology and Palaeontology as Science had contributed for the consolidation and institutionalization of both, helping the diffusion of scientific knowledge

REGIONALIZAÇÃO E ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DE VAZÕES DE PERMANENCIA: ESTUDO APLICADO NA BACIA RIO PIRACICABA-MG

Visando suprir a escassez de informações fluviométricas associada à inconsistência temporal e espacial das séries históricas disponíveis, a regionalização de vazões surge como uma alternativa para explorar mehor os dados já existentes. Dentre os diversos métodos existentes, um dos mais difundidos é o Método Tradicional (MT), o qual consiste na identificação de regiões hidrologicamente homogêneas e no ajuste de equações de regressão entre as diferentes variáveis selecionadas a serem regionalizadas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é regionalizar as vazões com permanência de 95% do tempo (Q95) obtida pelo MT na bacia do rio Piracicaba-MG. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as estações fluviométricas disponíveis pela ANA, considerando apenas aquelas que apresentaram mais de cinco anos de dados com tolerância de 10%. A escolha do melhor método foi determinada pela análise do erro relativo e pelo Coeficiente de Eficiência de Nash e Sutcliffe. Como resultados, pode-se inferir que o modelo potencial apresentou excelentes resultados, com erros menores do que em relação aos outros modelos. Consideradas as dificuldades enfrentadas, concluiu-se que a metodologia testada apresentou resultado satisfatório, embora esse método substitui uma densa rede hidrometeorológica

Insights into the posttranslational structural heterogeneity of thyroglobulin and its role in the development, diagnosis, and management of benign and malignant thyroid diseases

Thyroglobulin (Tg) is the major glycoprotein produced by the thyroid gland, where it serves as a template for thyroid hormone synthesis and as an intraglandular store of iodine. Measurement of Tg levels in serum is of great practical importance in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), a setting in which elevated levels after total thyroidectomy are indicative of residual or recurrent disease. The most recent methods for serum Tg measurement are monoclonal antibody-based and are highly sensitive. However, major challenges remain regarding the interpretation of the results obtained with these immunometric methods, particularly in patients with endogenous antithyroglobulin antibodies or in the presence of heterophile antibodies, which may produce falsely low or high Tg values, respectively. The increased prevalence of antithyroglobulin antibodies in patients with DTC, as compared with the general population, raises the very pertinent possibility that tumor Tg may be more immunogenic. This inference makes sense, as the tumor microenvironment (tumor cells plus normal host cells) is characterized by several changes that could induce posttranslational modification of many proteins, including Tg. Attempts to understand the structure of Tg have been made for several decades, but findings have generally been incomplete due to technical hindrances to analysis of such a large protein (660 kDa). This review article will explore the complex structure of Tg and the potential role of its marked heterogeneity in our understanding of normal thyroid biology and neoplastic processes.FapespCNPqCapesUniv Fed Sao Paulo EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Lab Endocrinol Mol & Translac, Div Endocrinol & Metab,Dept Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Mato Grosso do Sul UFMS, Fac Med Famed, Dept Med, Clin Integrada 5,Endocrinol & Metab, Campo Grande, MS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, EPM, Dept Bioquim, Div Mol Biol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo EPM Unifesp, Escola Paulista Med, Lab Endocrinol Mol & Translac, Div Endocrinol & Metab,Dept Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, EPM, Dept Bioquim, Div Mol Biol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

INTERVENÇÕES CIRÚRGICAS EM DISFUNÇÃO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

A Desordem temporomandibular (DTM) é uma condição em que há um comprometimento da articulação temporomandibular e/ou das estruturas adjacentes. Na maioria dos casos, seus sintomas são discretos e cíclicos, podendo ter variações no grau da limitação de abertura da boca e da dor, mas esta disfunção, pode também proporcionar um grande desconforto tornando-se uma doença gravemente incapacitante.  Para a solução de problemas de desordem na articulação temporomandibular existem várias opções cirúrgicas, dentre elas a artroscopia. Considerada como uma técnica segura, ela alivia a dor severa de pacientes e restabelece a amplitude dos movimentos mandibulares. A artroscopia não é considerada uma técnica invasiva, portanto os pacientes possuem uma rápida recuperação. Nos últimos anos, muito se evoluiu nessa técnica, principalmente devido à melhor qualidade das imagens de ressonância magnética (IRM), possibilitando um melhor diagnostico e tratamento mais rápido

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost