Characterization of indicator tree species in neotropical environments and implications for geological mapping

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOGeobotanical remote sensing (GbRS) in the strict sense is an indirect approach to obtain geological information in heavily vegetated areas for mineral prospecting and geological mapping. Using ultra- and hyperspectral technologies, the goals of this resea216385400FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2010/51758-2, 2010/51718-0309712/2017-3, 302925/2015-

Desempenho do tratamento de esgoto com tanque séptico, filtro anaeróbico e wetland construído com Typha spp

The study reports the performance of a sanitary effluent treatment constituted by a septic tank, anaerobic filter and constructed wetland. The study monitored nutrient’s, carbonaceous material’s and thermotolerant coliform’s (CT) removal efficiency during 12 months. The treatment system included a septic tank, an anaerobic filter and a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland cultivated with Typha spp. Effluent samples were monthly collected before and after the septic tank, anaerobic filter and wetland. The removal efficiency for N-NH+4 was 37.6%, 66.3% for total P, 37% for COD, 54% for BOD and 99.4% for CT. The anaerobic filter and wetland were more efficient than the septic tank. P-total reduction was higher in the constructed wetland than in the anaerobic filter. Climatic conditions influenced the evaluated constituent’s removal being the highest values during hot monthsO objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho do tratamento do esgoto sanitário, no que se refere à remoção de nutrientes, material carbonáceo e coliformes termotolerantes, durante 12 meses de monitoramento. O sistema de tratamento era composto por um tanque séptico, filtro anaeróbio e wetland construído com escoamento horizontal subsuperficial cultivado com Typha spp. As amostras do efluente foram coletadas mensalmente antes e após passar pelo tanque séptico, filtro anaeróbio e wetland. A partir das análises realizadas, notou-se que a eficiência do sistema na remoção para N-NH+4 foi de 37,6%; 66,3% para P-total; 37% para DQO; 54% para DBO e 99,4% para coliformes termotolerante. Em relação ao desempenho das fases, foi constatado que o filtro anaeróbio e o leito cultivado foram mais eficientes na redução do que o tanque séptico. A redução de P-total foi mais acentuada no wetland construído do que no filtro anaeróbio. A remoção dos constituintes investigados foi influenciada pela condição climática, sendo os maiores valores observados no período de verão e os menores no período de invernoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Extraction of bioactive compounds from Curcuma longa L. using deep eutectic solvents: in vitro and in vivo biological activities

In this work, deep eutectic solvents (DES-based menthol and cholinium chloride) and the ethanol, temperature, and times were selected to extract bioactive compounds from the rhizome, leaves, and flowers Curcuma longa L., using ultrasound-assisted extraction. Analyzes antioxidant, flavonoids, antimicrobial, chelation Fe2+, inhibition of the cholinesterase's enzymes, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in Allium cepa cells were performed. The extracts showed results of iron chelation and antibacterial. Curcuma flowers and leaves' extracts inhibited food spoilage bacteria with values above 45%, with substantial iron-chelating activity above 50%. Extracts obtained by DES based on menthol and lactic acid exhibited a high percentage of inhibition of acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase. In contrast, flower extracts obtained by menthol and acetic acid showed low inhibition of cholinesterase enzyme activity. No extract showed cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Biological activities showed a high potential for the application of these extracts in the food and pharmaceutical industries.This study was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. The authors thank both CAPES for the financial support, the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) and the Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Labmulti-CM (UTFPR) for the technical support provided. M. R. Mafra and L. Igarashi-Mafra are grateful to the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - Grant 310182/2018-2 and 308517/2018-0, respectively).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Análise da viabilidade e dimensionamento de placas fotovoltaicas para uma microempresa do setor de alimentos / Analysis of the viability and dimensioning of photovoltaic plates for a micro company in the food sector

A diversificação da matriz energética é essencial para países em desenvolvimento, uma vez que contribui com o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e com a preservação do meio ambiente. Por ser um país tropical, o Brasil possui alto índice de radiação solar, o que favorece a utilização da energia solar como fonte de geração de eletricidade. Contudo o emprego de energia solar para a geração de energia elétrica ainda é incipiente no Brasil. O intuito do presente estudo de caso foi analisar uma microempresa familiar do setor de alimentos que possui um consumo médio mensal de energia elétrica de 950,17 kWh, para verificar a possibilidade de implementação de um sistema de placas fotovoltaicas. Analisando-se os equipamentos disponíveis no mercado, determinou-se o número de módulos fotovoltaicos necessários para suprir a demanda e dimensionou-se o inversor solar. Ao final, foram considerados 25 painéis da marca JA SOLAR de 335W e um inversor da marca Fronius de 10kW. Por meio de uma análise financeira, verificou-se que o pagamento dos investimentos por meio de financiamentos padrão BNDES seria concluído em 5 anos. Concluiu-se que a edificação possui espaço suficiente para a implementação da quantidade necessária de painéis para suprir a sua demanda de eletricidade e constatou-se a necessidade de ampliação de políticas de incentivo governamentais, como a redução de taxas de juros para a instalação de sistemas fotovoltaicos e/ou o aumento do prazo de financiamento para viabilizar os empreendimentos, particularmente, numa época de retração de consumo provocada pela pandemia de COVID-19

Política Nacional de Saúde Integral Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais

O módulo Política Nacional de Saúde Integral LGBT foi organizado de forma a contribuir com os profissionais de saúde, notadamente os trabalhadores do SUS, para que realizem suas ações de cuidado, promoção e prevenção, com qualidade, de forma equânime, garantindo à população LGBT acesso à saúde integral. O curso é um dos módulos desenvolvidos pela UNA-SUS UERJ que integram o Programa de Valorização da Atenção Básica (PROVAB) e se divide em 03 unidades cujas áreas temáticas são: Gênero e sexualidade; O estudo da Política LGBT e seus marcos; Realizando o acolhimento e o cuidado à População LGBT. Este recurso é referente a 2ª oferta do módulo pela UERJ.Oferta 02Ministério da Saúd

Análise da composição química apresentada na rotulagem nutricional de alimentos industrializados comercializados na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG/ Analysis of the chemical composition presented in the nutritional labeling of industrialized foods sold in Belo Horizonte-MG

As mudanças dos hábitos alimentares ao longo dos anos vêm mostrando uma diminuição significativa da ingestão de alimentos in natura e minimamente processados como o arroz, feijão, frutas e hortaliças e aumento expressivo dos produtos processados e ultraprocessados, o que vem gerando impactos negativos à saúde. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a rotulagem nutricional de diferentes grupos de alimentos industrializados com grande consumo nos últimos anos. Foi analisada a composição química apresentada na rotulagem nutricional de 700 alimentos industrializados das redes de supermercados da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte-MG. Os alimentos foram enquadrados em sete categorias: cereais, salgados, pratos prontos, sanduíches, pizzas, sopas e salgados tipo chips. Os resultados colocaram em evidência o alto teor de sódio com valores expressivos no grupo dos pratos prontos com média de 908±467mg. O teor de sódio em percentual do valor diário (%VD) variou entre 4,2±3,5% para o grupo dos cereais a 37,3±20,1% para o grupo dos pratos prontos. Dos 7 grupos de alimentos analisados, 5 apresentaram quantidades de sódio superior a 15% do VD em apenas uma porção de produto. A quantidade de gordura saturada esteve entre 1,5±2,6% do VD para o grupo das sopas e 34,6±18,8% do VD para o grupo dos sanduíches. A quantidade de energia por porção esteve entre 71±18,5 Kcal para o grupo das sopas e 355±81kcal para o grupo dos sanduíches. A densidade energética foi superior a 2,4Kcal/g em todos os grupos de alimentos analisados, alcançando o valor de 4,95 Kcal/g no grupo dos salgadinhos tipo chips. Conclui-se que os alimentos estudados podem contribuir significativamente para o ganho de peso, instalação da obesidade e maior risco de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT)

Evaluation of Postoperative Residual Analgesia of Two Solutions Used for Local Anesthesia By Tumescence In Bitches who Underwent a Unilateral Mastectomy

Background: Breast tumors are common and require surgical treatment. A mastectomy causes edema, inflammation, and moderate to severe pain; therefore, analgesics should be used efficiently during the trans- and postoperative periods. Tumescence anesthesia has been studied in veterinary medicine; however, there is limited literature on the comparison of the constituents of the different solutions and the most suitable protocol. The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual postoperative analgesia of two solutions through the Melbourne, Modified Glasgow for dogs (EGM), and Visual Analogue (EVA) scales in bitches who underwent a unilateral mastectomy.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve bitches, weighing between 5 and 15 kilograms and aged between 5 and 13 years old, were included in the study. To determine if the animals were medically fit to undergo the procedure, they were evaluated by clinical examination, laboratory testing (complete blood count, serum biochemistry [urea, creatinine and alanine aminotransferase/ALT], and imaging (thorax x-ray and abdominal ultrasonography). Patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group received a lidocaine-containing tumescent solution (GTL) that consisted  of 210 mL of lactated Ringer's solution (at a temperature between 8 and 12°C), 40 mL of 2% lidocaine hydrochloride without vasoconstrictor, and 0.5 mL of adrenaline (1 mg/mL). The other group received ropivacaine (GTR) with 233.3 mL of lactated Ringer's solution (at the same temperature as the previous group’s), 16.7 mL of ropivacaine (7.5 mg/mL), and 0.5 mL of adrenaline (1 mg/mL). Both groups received a combination of acepromazine (0.04 mg/kg) and meperidine (2 mg/kg) as preanesthetic medication (MPA), followed by induction using propofol (to effect) and maintenance using isoflurane. The solutions were infused  subcutaneously (SC) 5 min after stabilization of the anesthetic plane. For the mastectomy, the solutions were distributed throughout the mammary chain to be withdrawn, starting at the thoracic and abdominal regions and ending in the inguinal region. In the postoperative period, the animals were evaluated using three different scales (Melbourne, Glasgow modified for dogs [EGM], and Visual Analogue [EVA] scales), at six time points: one, two, four, eight, 12 and 24 h after extubation, or until the time of analgesic rescue when the animal presented with a score higher than 3.33 on the EGM scale. There were no statistical differences between the groups (P > 0.05) in any of the scales evaluated; however, most of the animals demonstrated analgesic rescue in the first hour of evaluation. GTR showed an additional rescue compared to GTL.Discussion: Analgesic rescue occurred in the first hour of the postoperative period. This differs from other studies that used morphine in MPA and observed higher analgesia. This occurred because meperidine, the drug used in the study, has a shorter duration and is a less potent analgesic than morphine. We opted for this opioid because of its minimal interaction with the drug used in MPA and to better identify the residual effect of the administered solution. In addition, it does not interact with the other drugs used in the anesthetic protocol. It is known that the tumescence technique prolongs the analgesic effect of MPA because of subcutaneous absorption of a portion of the injected solution adjacent to the area being operated on. However, this was not observed as 50% of the animals in each group were rescued during the first hour of the evaluation. From this study, it was concluded that the tumescent solutions used in the trans-operative period should not be expected to have analgesic effects during the postoperative period of mastectomies because of the short duration of action

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2019-000940-MAim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century