AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ANTI-HIPERTENSIVA DO EXTRATO DE Arrabidaea chica Verlot EM RATOS ESPONTANEAMENTE HIPERTENSOS

A espécie Arrabidaea chica Verlot (Bignoniaceae) é indicada para o tratamento de doenças de pele, cálculos renais, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, e no combate à anemia. Seu extrato etanólico foi quimicamente investigado e avaliado como fator no controle do tônus vascular e pressão arterial, utilizando-se como modelo anéis isolados da artéria mesentérica superior de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR). Este trabalho reporta o relaxamento concentração dependente da adição cumulativa do EAC no endotélio intacto ou sem endotélio, bem como a avaliação da influência do íon cálcio sobre a resposta do EAC. Os resultados em conjunto encontrados sugerem que o princípio ativo presente em Arrabidaea chica apresenta atividade sobre os mecanismos envolvidos na hipertensão arterial e que sua ação decorre do bloqueio dos canais de cálcio tipo L.Descritores: Arrabidaea. atividade anti hipertensiva.AbstractEvaluation of antihypertensive activity of Arrabidaea chica Verlot extract in rat SHR. The species Arrabidaea Verlot Chica (Bignoniaceae) is indicated for the treatment of skin diseases, kidney stones, high blood pressure, anti-inflammatory and anti-anemia. Its ethanol extract was chemically investigated and evaluated as a factor in the control of vascular tone and blood pressure, using as a model rings isolated superior mesenteric artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This work reports the relaxation concentration dependent and cumulative addition of the EAC in the intact endothelium or without endothelium, as well as evaluating the influence of calcium ions on the EAC’s response. The results found together, suggest that the active ingredient present in Arrabidaea chica shows activity on the mechanisms involved in hypertension and that his action stems from the blockade of L-type calcium channelsDescriptors: Arrabidaea. anti hypertensive activity

POTENCIAL ANTI-INFLAMATÓRIO DAS FOLHAS DE Chenopodium ambrosioides L. NO MODELO DE CISTITE HEMORRÁGICA EM CAMUNDONGOS

A cistite hemorrágica (CH) possui etiologia infecciosa, medicamentosa ou radioterápica. Consiste na presença de hematúria macroscópica secundária a sangramento vesical e uma das suas possíveis causas é o uso de ciclofosfamida (CYP). Várias alternativas farmacológicas têm sido investigadas para o tratamento da CH. Dentre as possibilidades, o potencial terapêutico de espécies vegetais tem sido avaliado. A espécie Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Amaranthaceae), tem sido utilizado popularmente como anti-infamatório, efeito que  tem  sido comprovado cientifcamente. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo  foi investigar os efeitos do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico (EBH) de folhas secas de C. ambrosioides na CH induzida em camundongos pela ciclofosfamida. Camundongos fêmeas da linhagem Swiss receberam 150 mg/kg de CYP por via intraperitoneal para indução de CH. Em seguida, os animais foram tratados em dose única de acordo com protocolo estabelecido para cada grupo: soro fsiológico a 0,9% (grupo Controle); diclofenaco potássico (grupo Diclofenaco); EBH com dose única de 5 (grupo EBH5) ou 50mg/kg (grupo EBH50). Após 12 horas da indução da CH, o sangue dos animais foi retirado para realização do hemograma.  Os animais foram então sacrifcados e as bexigas retiradas, avaliadas macroscopicamente (hemorragia) e pesadas. Foram removidos, ainda, os órgãos linfóides a fm de realizar contagem de células do baço, medula óssea e linfonodos. Os resultados demonstraram que houve diminuição do peso das bexigas e da hemorragia nos grupos Diclofenaco e EBH5 quando comparados ao grupo controle. Houve um aumento das células da medula óssea, baço e linfonodo mesentérico em todos os animais tratados em relação ao controle. Em relação ao hemograma houve apenas aumentos pontuais no grupo EBH50. Em conclusão, o extrato bruto hidroalcoólico de folhas de C. ambrosioides na dose de 5mg/Kg apresentou efeito anti-infamatório e imunoestimulante, pois diminuiu o peso e a hemorragia da bexiga, e aumentou a produção e proliferação de células linfóides. Diante dos resultados desse estudo, bem como da evidência de ausência de toxicidade de outros trabalhos, podemos sugerir o tratamento com este extrato como alternativa terapêutica nos modelos de CH induzida por CYP em camundongos.Descritores: Anti-infamatório. Chenopodium ambrosioides. Ciclofosfamida. Cistite.AbstractHemorrhagic cystitis (HC) has infectious, drug or radiotherapy etiology. Consists in the presence of macroscopic hematuria secondary to bladder bleeding, and one of its possible causes is the use of cyclophosphamide (CYP). Several pharmacological alternatives have been investigated for the treatment of HC. Among the possibilities, the therapeutic potential of plant species have been reported. The species Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Amaranthaceae) has been popularly used as an anti-infammatory efect that has been proven scientifcally. The objective of this study was to investigate the efects of crude hydroalcoholic extract of dried leaves of C. ambrosioides in HC cyclophosphamide induced in mice. Female mice of the Swiss strain received 150 mg / kg of CYP intraperitoneally to induce HC. Then the animals were treated with a single dose according to protocol established for each group: normal saline 0.9% (control group); diclofenac (diclofenac group); hydroalcoholic extract with a single dose of 5 (EBH5 group) or 50 mg / kg (EBH50 group). After 12 hours from the induction of HC, the bleeding was performed in the animal for the complete blood count. The animals were then sacrifced and had their bladders removed, as assessed macroscopically (bleeding) and weighed. The lymphoid organs were also removed in order to perform spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes cell count. The results demonstrated that there was a decrease in the weight of bladders and bleeding in the diclofenac group and EBH5 when compared to the control group. There was an increase of cells in the bone marrow, spleen and lymph node in all treated animals as compared to control. In blood count there were only occasional increases in EBH50 group. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic crude extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves at a dose of 5 mg / kg showed anti-infammatory and immunostimulatory efect as decreased body weight and bleeding of the bladder, and increased production and proliferation of lymphoid cells. Given the results of this study, as well as evidence of absence of toxicity in other studies, we suggest treatment with this extract as an alternative therapy in models of CH-induced CYP in mice.Descriptors: Anti-infammatory. Chenopodium ambrosioides. Cyclophosphamide. Cystitis

Uso de plantas com finalidade medicinal por pessoas vivendo com HIV/ AIDS em terapia antirretroviral

Este foi um estudo observacional, transversal analítico realizado em ambulatório de referência do Estado do Maranhão-Brasil, no período de maio de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010, com o objetivo de estudar o uso de plantas com finalidade medicinal entre pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS, em uso de antirretrovirais. Um total de 339 pessoas respondeu um questionário abordando o uso de plantas e características demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamentais, relacionadas à soropositividade e ao uso de antirretrovirais. A prevalência de utilização de plantas foi de 34,81%. As mais utilizadas foram: Turnera ulmifolia (12,09%); Melissa officinalis (10,62%); Plectranthus barbatus (7,67%); Cymbopogan citratus (capim limão) (4,72%) e Mentha spp. (hortelã) (2,36%). A maioria das pessoas (96,61%) referiu melhora após a utilização. Um percentual de 75,42% dos usuários de plantas não informou essa prática ao médico. Entre os que informaram o uso, 55,17% afirmaram que o médico estava de acordo e somente uma pessoa foi orientada a interromper o uso (3,45%). Apenas um médico (3,45%) indicou o uso de plantas. A análise ajustada evidenciou diferença para uso de plantas em relação ao sexo feminino (RP=1,58, 95% IC 1,15-2,15 p 0,004) e à orientação sexual do tipo homossexual (RP=0,63 IC 0,44-0,90 p 0,012). Este estudo aponta para a necessidade de melhor diálogo entre médico e pacientes sobre o uso de plantas com finalidade medicinal, alertando sobre possíveis perigos quando associados aos antirretrovirais, especialmente entre usuários do sexo feminino ou com prática do tipo homossexual.It is an observational, analytic study, developed at a hospital in Maranhao-Brazil, from May-2009 to February-2010. The objective was to study the use of plants with medicinal purpose in people living with HIV/AIDS and using retroviral therapy. A total of 339 (three hundred and thirty-nine) people answered a questionnaire about the use of plants and demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral characteristics, including those related to HIV status and use of antiretroviral therapy The prevalence of the use of plants with medicinal purpose was 34,81%. The most often used were: Turnera ulmifolia (chanana) (12,09%), Melissa officinalis (erva cidreira,) (10,62%), Plectranthus barbatus (boldo) (7,67%), Cymbopogan citratus (capim limão) (4,72%) and Mentha spp. (hortelã) (2,36%). Most people interviewed (96,61%) reported improvement after use. A rate of 75,42% of the plant users had not reported their practice to a medical doctor. Among respondents who reported use, 55.17% said their doctor agreed to it, and only one person was advised to discontinue the use (3,45%); only one doctor (3,45%) indicated the use of plants. Multivariate analysis showed differences for the use of plants in relation to gender (female PR= 1,58, 95% CI 1,15 - 2,15 p 0,004) and homosexual practices (PR= 0,63, CI 0,44 - 0,90 p 0,012). This study highlights the need for a better dialogue between doctors and patients about the use of plants with medicinal purposes, and warns about possible dangers when they are combined with antirretroviral therapy, particularly between female and homossexual users

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe