Ontogeny of conceptacles in Amphiroa (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)

XX International Seaweed Symposium. Ensenada, México, 22-26 de Fevereiro de 2010

Efecto espaciotemporal en las propiedades fisicoquímicas del agar nativo de Gracilaria parvispora (Rhodophyta) en el Pacífico Mexicano Tropical (Oaxaca-Chiapas)

Background: Gracilaria parvispora is an invasive red seaweed located in coastal lagoons along the Tropical Mexican Pacific. Gracilaria species are the main source of agar around the world. Goals: Spatial and seasonal trends of the properties of native agar from the invasive seaweed G. parvispora were determined in three localities in the states of Oaxaca and Chiapas belonging to coastal lagoons along the Tropical Mexican Pacific: Ballenato, Paredón, and San Vicente. Methods: Native agar was obtained from dry samples of seaweed and the agar yield, gel strength, melting and gelling temperatures, hysteresis, and sulfate and 3,6-anhydrogalactose content were determined for each sample. Moreover, the polysaccharide structures and the location of sulfate groups in agar samples were identified. Results: The phycocolloid is a polysaccharide agar type. The agar yield was significantly different between seasons and localities, with the highest values during the dry season (19.9 ± 0.004 %) at Paredón (20.6 ± 0.01 %). Gel strength, melting temperature and gel hysteresis showed significant spatial differences; the highest values were obtained in Ballenato (367.3 ± 14.2 g cm−2, 80.2 ± 1.4 °C, 44.3 ± 2.2 °C, respectively); gelling temperature did not show significant differences between localities or seasons. Chemical properties were significantly different between seasons: 3,6-anhydrogalactose content was higher during the dry season (36.2 ± 0.2 %), and sulfate content was higher during the rainy season (12.69 ± 0.21 %). Salinity was significantly different between seasons, and the highest was obtained during the dry season (38.7 ± 0.1). Surface water temperature varied between localities, and the highest mean value was recorded at Paredón (32.5 ± 0.2 °C). Conclusions: The chemical properties of the G. parvispora native agar were lower than the standards for food and industrial use.Antecedentes: Gracilaria parvispora es un alga roja invasora que se encuentra en lagunas costeras del Pacífico Mexicano Tropical. A nivel mundial, las especies de Gracilaria son la fuente principal de agar. Objetivos: Se determinaron las tendencias espaciales y temporales de las propiedades del agar nativo de G. parvispora en tres localidades de los estados de Oaxaca y Chiapas, pertenecientes a lagunas costeras del Pacífico Mexicano Tropical: Ballenato, Paredón y San Vicente. Métodos: Se determinó el rendimiento del agar, la fuerza de gel, la temperatura de fusión y gelificación, la histéresis, y el contenido de sulfatos y 3,6-anhidrogalactosa del agar nativo obtenido de muestras secas de macroalga. Además, se identificaron las estructuras de los polisacáridos y la posición de los grupos sulfato en las muestras. Resultados: El ficocoloide es un polisacárido tipo agar. El rendimiento mostró diferencias significativas entre localidades y temporadas, con valores mayores durante la temporada de secas (19.9 ± 0.004 %) y en Paredón (20.6 ± 0.01 %). La fuerza de gel, la temperatura de fusión y la histéresis mostraron diferencias espaciales significativas; con valores más altos para las muestras de Ballenato (367.3 ± 14.2 g cm-2, 80.2 ± 1.4 °C, 44.3 ± 2.2 °C, respectivamente); la temperatura de gelificación no mostró diferencias significativas entre localidades o temporadas. Las propiedades químicas mostraron diferencias significativas entre temporadas: el contenido de 3,6-anhidrogalactosa fue mayor durante la temporada de secas (36.2 ± 0.2 %), y el contenido de sulfato fue mayor durante la temporada de lluvias (12.69 ± 0.21 %). La salinidad fue significativamente diferente entre temporadas, con mayor valor para la temporada de secas (38.7 ± 0.1). La temperatura superficial del agua varió entre localidades, la más alta se registró en Paredón (32.5 ± 0.2 °C). Conclusiones: Las propiedades químicas de G. parvispora fueron menores a los estándares para su uso industrial y alimenticio

The single-cell eQTLGen consortium

In recent years, functional genomics approaches combining genetic information with bulk RNA-sequencing data have identified the downstream expression effects of disease-associated genetic risk factors through so-called expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing creates enormous opportunities for mapping eQTLs across different cell types and in dynamic processes, many of which are obscured when using bulk methods. Rapid increase in throughput and reduction in cost per cell now allow this technology to be applied to large-scale population genetics studies. To fully leverage these emerging data resources, we have founded the single-cell eQTLGen consortium (sc-eQTLGen), aimed at pinpointing the cellular contexts in which disease-causing genetic variants affect gene expression. Here, we outline the goals, approach and potential utility of the sc-eQTLGen consortium. We also provide a set of study design considerations for future single-cell eQTL studies.</p

Coralline Algae in a Changing Mediterranean Sea: How Can We Predict Their Future, if We Do Not Know Their Present?

In this review we assess the state of knowledge for the coralline algae of the Mediterranean Sea, a group of calcareous seaweeds imperfectly known and considered highly vulnerable to long-term climate change. Corallines have occurred in the Mediterranean area for ∼140 My and are well-represented in the subsequent fossil record; for some species currently common the fossil documentation dates back to the Oligocene, with a major role in the sedimentary record of some areas. Some Mediterranean corallines are key ecosystem engineers that produce or consolidate biogenic habitats (e.g., coralligenous concretions, Lithophyllum byssoides rims, rims of articulated corallines, maerl/rhodolith beds). Although bioconstructions built by corallines exist virtually in every sea, in the Mediterranean they reach a particularly high spatial and bathymetric extent (coralligenous concretions alone are estimated to exceed 2,700 km2 in surface). Overall, composition, dynamics and responses to human disturbances of coralline-dominated communities have been well-studied; except for a few species, however, the biology of Mediterranean corallines is poorly known. In terms of diversity, 60 species of corallines are currently reported from the Mediterranean. This number, however, is based on morphological assessments and recent studies incorporating molecular data suggest that the correct estimate is probably much higher. The responses of Mediterranean corallines to climate change have been the subject of several recent studies that documented their tolerance/sensitivity to elevated temperatures and pCO2. These investigations have focused on a few species and should be extended to a wider taxonomic set

Frond Dynamics and Reproductive Trends of Amphiroa Beauvoisii (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) from Isla Asunción, Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Amphiroa beauvoisii (Corallinales, Rhodophyta) is distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions, but little information is available about its demographics. We examined variation in wet weight, cover, frond size, length/width relation and proportion of life history stages in a study conducted at Isla Asunción, Mexico, from April 1998 to December 1998. The population of A. beauvoisii showed seasonal variation in cover, frond length and width, frond length frequency and percentage of reproductive fronds. These variations could not be associated with variation in temperature, daylength or nitrate concentration. Reproduction took place by production of tetrasporangia and bisporangia; no gametangial reproduction was observed. Recruitment by germination of bispores and re-growth from the holdfast are believed to play a major role in the persistence of the population

Early fault detection in SiC-MOSFET with application in boost converter

Este artículo presenta el diseño de un circuito de detección de fallas aplicado a Mosfet de carburo de silicio; la detección de falla es realizada a través del monitoreo de comportamiento de la señal de compuerta. Las más importantes características que se analizaron y se reportan son: rápida detección debido a que la evaluación se realiza en la conmutación a encendido, permitiendo la detección de fallas en corto circuito y circuito abierto; tiempos rápidos de detección lo que previene difusión de la falla al sistema completo. Para validar el circuito de detección fue diseñado un convertidor boost con SiC-Mosfet. Los resultados obtenidos validan la confiabilidad de la propuesta presentada