Універсальне ортометричне рівняння стану реального газу для моделювання процесів у агрегатах ракетно-космічної техніки

A domain of the working parameters of the gas unified for all units of pneumatic automation, limited by isochore, adiabatic and two isotherms is formed. The requirements on the real gas equation suitable for dynamic calculations of these units areformulated. The known equations of state for real gas are analyzed and the reasons of their being not convenient to use are indicated. To obtain a new equation, it is proposed to use the theory of orthometric states of gas and the Boyle scales to measure its parameters. The form of the target equation is chosen and by using the standard tabular data the values of its three tuning coefficients are obtained. It turns out that nitrogen, argon, krypton, xenon, methane, oxygen, and air have the same two coefficients of the model, which result boosts the development of the theory of real gas. Similar equations are obtained for helium, xenon, krypton, and methane. It is shown that in the domain of gas working parameters all thermodynamic properties andcaloric characteristics follow from the equation of state, the formulas for calculating these functions are given. The calculated characteristics are compared with standard tabular data; the maximum of the compressibility factor error is 0.05...0.1 %. An improved compressibility equation for real gas in a cavity is deduced. Methods for solving algebraic equations for the density and temperaturearising at the phases of formation of initial conditions and at integration of the equations of compressibility and continuity are described. Directions of further development of the model and its practical applications are indicated.Для агрегатів пневмоавтоматики ракетної техніки визначена область зміни параметрів робочого тіла й сформульовані вимоги до рівняння стану реального газу, придатному для динамічних розрахунків цих агрегатів. Обрана ортометрична форма шуканого рівняння й отримані значення його настроювальних коефіцієнтів. Наведено формули для розрахунків термодинамічних і калоричних функцій, визначена похибка моделі. Отримано уточнене рівняння стисливості реального газу в порожнині. Зазначено напрямки подальшого розвитку моделі та її практичного застосування

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Safety of the state information system «Regional Geographic Information System of Territorial Planning of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)»

Information and telecommunication technologies are widely applied by public authorities for improvement of quality of rendering services to the population. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the plan of transition to providing the state services and execution of the state functions in electronic form by federal public authorities is approved. The state information systems are created taking into account the requirements provided by the Federal law of July 21, 2005 No. 94-FZ "About placing orders for the supply of goods, works and services for state and municipal needs". The state information systems are created and operated on the basis of the statistical and other documentary information provided by citizens (natural persons), the organizations, public authorities, local governments. In the Federal Law No. 149 need of information security for GIS according to which the owner of information is established of 27.07.06 or the operator of IS is obliged to provide information security from unauthorized access, blocking, destruction, distribution, copying or other actions by means of use of a package of measures for respect for safety of information and restriction of access to public information

Oleg Georgievich Gazenko

Doyen of space medicin

The Fundamental Regularities of the Evolution of Elastic Vortices Generated in the Surface Layers of Solids under Tangential Contact Loading

Conventionally discussed dynamic mechanisms of elastic strain energy redistribution in near-contact surface regions include P and S elastic wave pulses radiating from the contact surface. At the same time, the elastic strain energy can be transferred by localized vortex-like elastic waves (Rayleigh, Love, Stoneley wave, and so on). In the paper, we numerically studied the main features of the formation and propagation of localized vortex-like waves in the surface layers under the contact zone. The study was done using the numerical method of movable cellular automata. We showed that the initial phase of dynamic contact interaction with a nonzero tangential component of contact velocity is accompanied by the formation of a so-called elastic vortex. The elastic vortex is a fully dynamic object, which is characterized by shear stress concentration and propagates at the shear wave speed. We first revealed the ability of the elastic vortex to propagate toward the bulk of the material and transfer elastic strain energy deep into the surface layer in a localized manner. We analyzed the dependence of the direction of vortex propagation on the tangential contact velocity, contact pressure and Young’s modulus of the material. The results of the study are important for better understanding the dynamic mechanisms contributing to inelastic strain accumulation or gradual degradation of surface layers

Application of multi-layer chitosan-based wound dressings in dentistry

Aim. To experimentally evaluate the efficacy of multi-layer chitosan-based wound dressings developed for dental purposes.Materials and Methods. Over the period from 2018 to 2019, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of multi-layer chitosan-based wound dressings developed for dental practice. Two types of dressings (No. 1c and 2c), the central part of which was modified with the introduction of a 10% iodopyron solution, were compared with the widely-used wound dressings Alvostaz (NKF Omega-Dent LLC, Russia) and Gelatamp (Roeko, Germany). The work involved 26 male Chinchilla rabbits, ten months old and weighing 2500 (±50) g. Evaluation of the efficacy of the wound dressings under study was carried by modelling the conditions of both aseptic and purulent-inflammatory processes (a total of 8 series of experiments). In experiments modelling the purulent-inflammatory process, a Ps. aeruginosa bacterial culture at a concentration of 109 CFU/ml was introduced into the alveolar socket after tooth extraction, 3 days before the application of a wound dressing sample. The dressings under study were applied on the wound for the period of 7 days. During the observation postoperative period, the animals were provided with free access to water and food. The sampling of the material for the study was carried out in the operating room on day 7.Results. According to the experimental results, chitosan-based wound dressings (No. 2c in particular) demonstrated high efficacy in experiments on animals (rabbits). The developed wound dressings perform mechanical protection and exhibit fuse effects, as well as are characterized by biodegradability and the ability to deliver medical agents contained therein to the damaged tissue.Conclusion. The proposed chitosan-based wound dressings showed sufficient efficiency on the modelled wound process in the alveolar socket of an extracted tooth. Dressing No. 2c was recognised to be optimal for infected and purulent wounds. This dressing has a dense outer layer, which structure retains frame functions for a long time, thus providing proper drainage of the pathological focus. Dressing No. 1c was established to be promising in cases without inflammatory processes in the extracted tooth socket, where high adhesion to surrounding tissues is initially required for ensuring the tightness and preservation of a blood clot in the wound

Fluorescent Methods of Assessment of Winter Dormancy Conifers from City Ecosystems with Different Levels of Air Pollution

Растения, произрастающие в районах с высоким уровнем загрязнения, не готовы к суровым зимним условиям и могут быть повреждены. Поэтому необходимо подробно изучить сезонную динамику растений, включая их переход в состояние зимнего покоя, с использованием адекватных методов для мониторинга их физиологического состояния. Одним из таких подходов служит измерение термоиндуцированных изменений нулевого уровня флуоресценции (ТИНУФ). Для определения уровня загрязнения окружающей среды проводили анализ поверхностного и внутритканевого загрязнения хвои методами ионной хроматографии и рентгенофлуоресцентной спектроскопии. Мы изучили 30-40-летние деревья сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) и ели сибирской (Picea obovata Ledeb.), растущие в искусственных насаждениях г. Красноярска и его окрестностей. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить, что меньшая глубина зимнего покоя является реакцией хвойных растений на увеличение уровня техногенного загрязнения.The plants growing in regions with a high level of air pollution are unprepared for severe winter conditions and may be damaged. So it is necessary to study in detail the seasonal plants dynamics, including their transition to winter dormancy, using adequate methods for monitoring their physiological condition. Measurement of temperature-induced changes in zero level of chlorophyll fluorescence (TCZLF) in pine needles is one of such approaches. The analysis of pollutant concentration on surface and in cells of needles aiming to determine the level of pollution was carried out by methods of ion-chromatography and XRF. We studied 30- to 40-year-old trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) growing in industrial areal of Krasnoyarsk and its outskirts. The results obtained allow us to assume that the smaller level of winter dormancy is the reaction of coniferous plants to increase of industrial pollution