Impacto socio-económico de los proyectos de mantenimiento, mejoramiento y ampliación (para el tramo faltante) de la malla vial en la carrera 24 de Girardot, trayecto Ciudad Montes-la Esperanza de la vía Nariño.

Realizar una evaluación técnica del estado actual de la Carrera 24 de Girardot, trayecto Ciudad Montes – La esperanza, teniendo en cuenta el impacto Socio-Económico a la comunidad, con el fin de esclarecer los términos de diseño y generar probables soluciones que contribuyan en el buen desarrollo de la población.Este proyecto analiza el impacto socio-económico que genera la intervención a la vía departamental que comunica los municipios de Tocaima, Girardot y Nariño Cundinamarca, a la altura del tramo de la variante donde los vehículos provenientes de Tocaima toman su paso por Girardot y así finalmente llegar a Nariño, dicho tramo consta de 4,5 km los cuales quedan ubicados en Girardot, desde el barrio Ciudad Montes hasta el barrio La Esperanza, ésta vía en dicha Ciudad se encuentra registrada como la Carrera 24, la cual al parecer se encuentra en un estado inadecuado . Para llegar al objeto de investigación se revisó la composición actual de la vía, para ello se hizo una inspección visual para hallar las áreas de afectación por medio de sus patologías, se ejecutaron estudios de tránsito y Geotécnicos para determinar las variables que influyen favorablemente o negativamente sobre ella. Luego se procedió a diseñar un tipo de pavimento flexible óptimo para la necesidad de tránsito actual y proyectado, realizando una comparación de lo que debe ser contra lo que contiene, llegando a una propuesta económica de acuerdo a cada situación. Finalmente se expusieron las necesidades e inquietudes, para llegar a las conclusiones, recomendaciones y proyecciones.This project analyzes the socio-economic impact generarte by the intervention to the departmental road that connects the municipalities of Tocaima, Girardot and Nariño Cundinamarca, at the height of the section of the variant where the vehicles coming from Tocaima take their passage through Girardot and thus finally arrive to Nariño, said stretch consists of 4.5 km which are located in Girardot, from the Ciudad Montes neighborhood to the La Esperanza neighborhood, thais road in said city is registered as Carrera 24, which apparently is located in an inadequate state. To reach the research object, the current composition of the road was revised, for which a visual inspection is made to find the areas of affectation by means of their pathologies, transit and Geotechnical studies are executed to determine the variables that influence favorably or negatively about her. Then we proceeded to design a type of flexible pavement optimal for the need for current and projected traffic, making a comparison with what should be against what it contains, reaching an economic proposal according to each situation. Finally the needs and concerns are exposed, the conclusions, recommendations and projections

The AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator S 47445 rescues in vivo CA3-CA1 long-term potentiation and structural synaptic changes in old mice

Positive allosteric modulators of cc-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) are small molecules that decrease deactivation of AMPARs via an allosteric site. These molecules keep the receptor in an active state. Interestingly, this type of modulator has been proposed for treating cognitive decline in ageing, dementias, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). S 47445 (8-cyclopropyl-3[2-(3-fluorophenyflethy1]-7,8-dihydro-3H-[1,3]oxazino[6,5-g][1,2,3]benzotriazine-4,9-dione) is a novel AMPAR positive allosteric modulator (AMPA-PAM). Here, the mechanisms by which S 47445 could improve synaptic strength and connectivity were studied and compared between young and old mice. A single oral administration of S 47445 at 10 mg/kg significantly increased long-term potentiation (LTP) in CA3-CA1 hippocampal synapses in alert young mice in comparison to control mice. Moreover, chronic treatment with S 47445 at 10 mg/kg in old alert animals significantly counteracted the deficit of LTP due to age. Accordingly, chronic treatment with S 47445 at 10 mg/kg seems to preserve synaptic cytoarchitecture in old mice as compared with young control mice. It was shown that the significant decreases in number and size of pre-synaptic buttons stained for VGlutl, and post-synaptic dendritic spines stained for spinophilin, observed in old mice were significantly prevented after chronic treatment with 10 mg/kg of S 47445. Altogether, by its different effects on LTP, VGlutl-positive particles, and spinophilin, S 47445 is able to modulate both the structure and function of hippocampal excitatory synapses known to be involved in learning and memory processes. These results open a new window for the treatment of specific age-dependent cognitive decline and dementias such as AD. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Evidence‐based treatment for gynoid lipodystrophy: A review of the recent literature

Resumen La lipodistrofia ginoide (LDG) es una alteracion estructural, inflamatoria y bioquımica del tejido subcutaneo que causa modificaciones topograficas en la piel. Conocida comunmente como “celulitis”, la LDG afecta hasta a 90% de las mujeres, practicamente en todas las etapas de la vida, iniciando en la pubertad. Se trata de una condicion que afecta considerablemente la calidad de vida de quien la padece. Es motivo frecuente de consulta aunque las pacientes recurren a tratamientos empıricos, improvisados, sin bases ni evidencia cientıfica, los cuales desmotivan y producen frustracion no solo por su falta de resultados, sino por complicaciones derivadas de dichos tratamientos. Un grupo de expertos de diversas especialidades involucradas en el manejo de este problema presenta en este artıculo el resultado de una busqueda bibliografica sistematica y de la discusion consensuada de la evidencia obtenida de diversos tratamientos disponibles actualmente. El analisis se dividio en tratamientos topicos, tratamientos sistemicos, tratamientos no invasivos y tratamientos mınimamente invasivos

A single-arm study design with non-inferiority and superiority time-to-event endpoints: a tool for proof-of-concept and de-intensification strategies in breast cancer

De-escalation trials in oncology evaluate therapies that aim to improve the quality of life of patients with low-risk cancer by avoiding overtreatment. Non-inferiority randomized trials are commonly used to investigate de-intensified regimens with similar efficacy to that of standard regimens but with fewer adverse effects (ESMO evidence tier A). In cases where it is not feasible to recruit the number of patients needed for a randomized trial, single-arm prospective studies with a hypothesis of non-inferiority can be conducted as an alternative. Single-arm studies are also commonly used to evaluate novel treatment strategies (ESMO evidence tier B). A single-arm design that includes both non-inferiority and superiority primary objectives will enable the ranking of clinical activity and other parameters such as safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics data. Here, we describe the statistical principles and procedures to support such a strategy. The non-inferiority margin is calculated using the fixed margin method. Sample size and statistical analyses are based on the maximum likelihood method for exponential distributions. We present example analyses in metastatic and adjuvant settings to illustrate the usefulness of our methodology. We also explain its implementation with nonparametric methods. Single-arm designs with non-inferiority and superiority analyses are optimal for proof-of-concept and de-escalation studies in oncology

Young stars and brown dwarfs surrounding Alnilam (eps Ori) and Mintaka (del Ori)

Aims: We look for new regions for the search of substellar objects. Methods: Two circular areas, 45 arcmin-radius each, centred on the young massive star systems Alnilam and Mintaka in the Orion Belt, have been explored. The regions are very young (less than 10 Ma), have low extinction, and are neighbours to sigma Orionis (~3 Ma), a young open cluster very rich in brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects. We have used Virtual Observatory tools, the astro-photometric Tycho-2, DENIS and 2MASS catalogues, 10 control fields at similar galactic latitudes, and X-ray, mid-infrared and spectroscopic data from the literature. Results: We have compiled exhaustive lists of known young stars and new candidate members in the Ori OB1b association, and of fore- and background sources. A total of 136 stars display features of extreme youth, like early spectral types, lithium in absorption, or mid-infrared flux excess. Other two young brown dwarf and 289 star candidates have been identified from an optical/near-infrared colour-magnitude diagram. We list additional 74 known objects that might belong to the association. This catalogue can serve as an input for characterisation of the stellar and high-mass substellar populations in the Orion Belt. Finally, we have investigated the surface densities and radial distributions of young objects surrounding Alnilam and Mintaka, and compared them with those in the sigma Orionis cluster. We report a new open cluster centred on Mintaka. Conclusions: Both regions can be analogs to the sigma Orionis cluster, but more massive, more extended, slightly older, and less radially concentrated.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. It will be published on line in Sect. 14 (Catalogs and data). Tables in Appendix A will soon be available at the CD

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Adelante / Endavant

Séptimo desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere "Purificación Escribano" de la Universitat Jaume

Estilos de socialización parental y adaptación de conducta en estudiantes del nivel secundario de una institución educativa de Lima Este, 2016

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre estilos de socialización parental y adaptación de conducta. Material y métodos: El estudio responde a un diseño no experimental, de alcance descriptivo correlacional y cortetransversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 200 alumnos del cuarto y quinto año del nivel secundario de una institución educativa de Lima Este. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Inventario de Adaptación de Conducta -IAC (De la Cruz y Cordero, 1990) adaptado por Ruiz (1995) y la Escala de Estilos de Socialización Parental en la Adolescencia ESPA 29 de Musitu y García (2004) adaptada por Jara (2013). Resultados: Los resultados indicanque no existe asociación entre estilos de socialización de las madres y adaptación de conducta en adolescentes (chi2= 4,320; p= ,633), tampoco se encontró relación entre estilos de socialización del padre y adaptación deconducta en adolescentes (chi2= 9,616; p= ,142). Sin embargo, la aceptación/implicación de la madre (rho=,153; p= ,030), coerción/imposición del padre (rho= -,164; p= ,021), y aceptación/implicación del padre (rho=,290; p= ,000) obtuvieron relación significativa con la adaptación de conducta en adolescentes. Pero la coerción/imposición de la madre (rho= -,109; p= ,123) no correlacionó con la adaptación conductual. Conclusión: Los resultados indican que no existe asociación entre estilos de socialización de las madres y adaptación de conducta en adolescentes