Prevalence and Causes of Eye Diseases amongst Students in South-Western Nigeria

Background/Purpose: To assess the prevalence and identify the causes of eye diseases among students in Ilesa east local government area, in south-western Nigeria, so that prevention strategies could be mapped out. Methods: A cross-sectional survey that utilised a multi-stage random sampling method to select 1144 primary and secondary students comprising 504 males and 640 females. Their ages ranged from 4 to 24 years. Majority (97.8%) were below 18 years of age. Results: A total of 177 (15.5%) of the school children were found to have eye diseases. These included conjunctival diseases (8%) constituted mainly by allergic/vernal conjunctivitis (7.4%), refractive error (5.8%), lid disorders (0.6%), squint (0.3%), corneal scarring (0.3%) and cataract (0.2%). Conclusion: Eye diseases are common amongst school children. Health education will go a long way in the prevention of ocular diseases amongst school children. Wearing of corrective glasses should be emphasised for children with refractive error. Eye examination for all new intakes into both public and private primary and secondary schools is advocated. This will allow for early detection and prompt treatment of eye diseases in the young, which will go a long way in reducing ocular morbidity and unnecessary blindness.Introduction/Objectif : Evaluer la fr\ue9quence et identifier les causes des maladies de l'oeil parmi des \ue9tudiants dans la zone gouvernmentale locale, l'Est d'Ilesa, dans le sud-ouest du Nig\ue9ria, pour pouvoir \ue9laborer des strat\ue9gies de pr\ue9vention. M\ue9thode : Une \ue9tude d'un groupe repr\ue9sentatif de la population \ue0 travers l'utilisation d'une m\ue9thode d'\ue9chantillonage au hasard afin de choisir 1144 \ue9l\ue8ves primaires et \ue9tudiants des \ue9coles secondaires y compris 504 du sexe masculin et 640 du sexe f\ue9minin. Leur tranche d'\ue2ge de 4 au 24 ans. Majorit\ue9 97,8% \ue9taient moins de 18 ans. R\ue9sultats : Un total de 177 soit 15,5% des \ue9l\ue8ves sont not\ue9s d'avoir des maladies des yeux. A savoir ; maladies conjunctivites, 7,4%, erreur de r\ue9fraction 5,8%, troubles paupi\ue8re 0,6%, yeux louches 0,3% scarring de la corn\ue9e 0,3% et la cataracte 0.2%. Conclusion: Maladies des yeux sont ordinaires parmi des \ue9l\ue8ves, enseignement m\ue9dical va aider la pr\ue9vention des maladies oculaire parmi des \ue9l\ue8ves. On doit mettre l'accent sur le fait de porter des lunettes corrective pour des enfants avec des erreurs de r\ue9fraction. L'examen des yeux pour tous les \ue9l\ue8ves qui commencent des \ue9tudes dans des \ue9coles publiques primaire et secondaire est conseill\ue9. Ceci va permettre une d\ue9tection pr\ue9coce et traitement urgent des cas des maladies des yeux chez des jeunes, ce qui va reduire la morbidit\ue9 oculaire et une c\ue9cit\ue9 \ue9vitable

Visual impairment from fibrous dysplasia in a middle-aged African man: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Fibrous dysplasia is a benign tumour of the bones and is a disease of unknown aetiology. This report discusses a case of proptosis and visual deterioration with associated bony mass involving the right orbit.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 32-year-old Nigerian man of Yoruba ethnic origin presented to the eye clinic of our hospital with right-eye proptosis and visual deterioration of 7-year duration. Presentation was preceded by a history of trauma. Proptosis was preceded by trauma but was non-pulsatile with no thrill or bruit but was associated with bony orbital mass. The patient reported no weight loss. Examination of his right eye showed visual acuity of 6/60 with relative afferent pupillary defect. Fundal examination revealed optic atrophy. Computed tomography showed an expansile bony mass involving all the walls of the orbit. The bony orbital mass was diagnosed histologically as fibrous dysplasia. Treatment included orbital exploration and orbital shaping to create room for the globe and relieve pressure on the optic nerve.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Fibrous dysplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of slowly developing proptosis with associated visual loss in young adults.</p

An overview of anti-diabetic plants used in Gabon: Pharmacology and Toxicology

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Ethnopharmacological relevance: The management of diabetes mellitus management in African communities, especially in Gabon, is not well established as more than 60% of population rely on traditional treatments as primary healthcare. The aim of this review was to collect and present the scientific evidence for the use of medicinal plants that are in currect by Gabonese traditional healers to manage diabetes or hyperglycaemia based here on the pharmacological and toxicological profiles of plants with anti-diabetic activity. There are presented in order to promote their therapeutic value, ensure a safer use by population and provide some bases for further study on high potential plants reviewed. Materials and methods: Ethnobotanical studies were sourced using databases such as Online Wiley library, Pubmed, Google Scholar, PROTA, books and unpublished data including Ph.D. and Master thesis, African and Asian journals. Keywords including ‘Diabetes’ ‘Gabon’ ‘Toxicity’ ‘Constituents’ ‘hyperglycaemia’ were used. Results: A total of 69 plants currently used in Gabon with potential anti-diabetic activity have been identified in the literature, all of which have been used in in vivo or in vitro studies. Most of the plants have been studied in human or animal models for their ability to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion or inhibit carbohydrates enzymes. Active substances have been identified in 12 out of 69 plants outlined in this review, these include Allium cepa and Tabernanthe iboga. Only eight plants have their active substances tested for anti-diabetic activity and are suitables for further investigation. Toxicological data is scarce and is dose-related to the functional parameters of major organs such as kidney and liver. Conclusion: An in-depth understanding on the pharmacology and toxicology of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is lacking yet there is a great scope for new treatments. With further research, the use of Gabonese anti-diabetic plants is important to ensure the safety of the diabetic patients in Gabon.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Original Article - THE PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF BLINDNESS AND LOW VISION IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA.

The prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment were determined in Yewa-North local government area of Ogun state, Nigeria between May 15 and June 22, 2001 . A population - based survey using a random cluster sample of 1,964 persons representing ‘usual' residents of the local government area was examined. The survey revealed that 1.22% of the populations were blind, 1.43% unilaterally blind and 2.09% were bilaterally visually impaired. Blindness and visual impairment were found in persons aged 45yrs and above. Blindness was found to be 2.43 times commoner in men, which was statistically significant. Cataract was the commonest cause of blindness accounting for 37.5% of blindness and 36.6% of visual impairment. Another important cause of visual impairment and blindness in this study was pterygium accounting for 23% and 19% of unilateral and bilateral visual impairment and 7% and 4% of unilateral and bilateral blindness respectively. The report showed that 87.5% of the blindness and 75.7% of the bilateral visual impairment were avoidable. These largely agreed with the pattern and causes of blindness in other parts of sub-Saharan Africa