Problems of civil production by high-tech enterprises

The article clearly demonstrates the need for product diversification in high-tech enterprises. The main problems associated with the development of diversification in the enterprise are stated. Shows the relationship between the release of diversified products, revenue and profit

Der pathologische Exportboom These und Stellungnahmen

Die deutsche Volkswirtschaft gibt Rätsel auf: Einerseits ist Deutschland Export-(Vize-)Weltmeister, andererseits leidet es unter einer anhaltenden Wachstums- und Beschäftigungsschwäche. Ist das Exportwachstum Ausdruck ungebrochener internationaler Wettbewerbsfähigkeit und die Wachstums- und Beschäftigungsschwäche nur ein konjunkturelles Problem, das sich einem Mangel an privater Binnennachfrage verdankt. Oder deutet das Nebeneinander von Wirtschaftskrise und Exportboom auf ein Standortproblem Deutschlands im Allgemeinen und ein Lohnproblem im Besonderen hin?Export, Lohn, Arbeitskosten, Beschäftigung, Wertschöpfung, Arbeitslosigkeit, Deutschland

Régression et analyse géométrique des données : réflexions et suggestions

Multivariate data are often treated with regression methods on one hand, Geometric Data Analyse methods (PCA, AC…) on the other hand. We intend to show, thanks to the mathematical structures common to the two methods, illustrated by examples, how one can integrate regression methods in geometric analysis. Geometric analysis allows a visualization of structural effects. There is no ground to oppose “explanatory” and “descriptive” statistical methods.Les données multivariées sont souvent traitées par les méthodes de régression d'une part, l'Analyse Géométrique des Données (ACP, AC...) d'autre part. Nous nous proposons de montrer sur des exemples, à partir de la communauté des structures mathématiques, comment on peut intégrer les méthodes de régression dans l'analyse géométrique, et visualiser les effets de structure. Il n'y a pas lieu d'opposer des méthodes statistiques qui seraient par essence «explicatives» à d'autres qui seraient par essence «descriptives»

Elliptic flow at collider energies and cascade string models: The role of hard processes and multi-Pomeron exchanges

Centrality, rapidity, and transverse momentum dependence of hadron elliptic flow is studied in Au+Au collisions at BNL RHIC energies within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. The QGSM predictions coincide well with the experimental data at $\sqrt{s}=130$ AGeV. Further investigations reveal that multi-Pomeron exchanges and hard gluon-gluon scattering in primary collisions, accompanied by the rescattering of hadrons in spatially anisotropic system, are the key processes needed for an adequate description of the data. These processes become essentially important for heavy-ion collisions at full RHIC energy $\sqrt{s}=200$ AGeV.Comment: LATEX, 12 pages incl. 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Lett.

Challenges and Rewards in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases

Medicinal chemistry has been transformed by major technological and conceptual innovations over the last three decades: structural biology and bioinformatics, structure and property based molecular design, the concepts of multidimensional optimization (MDO), in silico and experimental high-throughput molecular property analysis. The novel technologies advanced gradually and in synergy with biology and Roche has been at the forefront. Applications in drug discovery programs towards new medicines in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are highlighted to show impact and advancement: the early discovery of endothelin antagonists for endothelial dysfunction (Bosentan), 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11?-HSD1) inhibitors for dysregulated cellular glucocorticoid tonus (type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome) and non-covalent hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) inhibitors to study the scope of direct inhibition of lipolysis in the conceptual frame of lipotoxicity and type 2 diabetes

Microscopic description of anisotropic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Anisotropic flow of hadrons is studied in heavy ion collisions at SPS and RHIC energies within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. The model was found to reproduce correctly many of the flow features, e.g., the wiggle structure of direct flow of nucleons at midrapidity, or centrality, rapidity, and transverse momentum dependences of elliptic flow. Further predictions are made. The differences in the development of the anisotropic flow components are linked to the freeze-out conditions, which are quite different for baryons and mesons.Comment: Proceedings of the Erice School on Nuclear Physics (Erice, Italy, September 16-24, 2003

Transition to meson-dominated matter at RHIC. Consequences for kaon flow

Anisotropic flow of kaons and antikaons is studied in heavy-ion collisions at CERN SPS and BNL RHIC energies within the microscopic quark-gluon string model. In the midrapidity range the directed flow of kaons v_1 differs considerably from that of antikaons at SPS energy (E_{lab} = 160 AGeV), while at RHIC energy (\sqrt{s} = 130 AGeV) the excitation functions of both, kaon and antikaon, flows coincide within the statistical error bars. The change is attributed to formation of dense meson-dominated matter at RHIC, where the differences in interaction cross-sections of kaons and antikaons become unimportant. The time evolution of the kaon anisotropic flow is also investigated. The elliptic flow of these hadrons is found to develop at midrapidity at times 3 < t < 10 fm/c, which is much larger than the nuclear passing time t^{pass} = 0.12 fm/c. As a function of transverse momentum the elliptic flow increases almost linearly with rising p_t. It stops to rise at p_t > 1.5 GeV/c reaching the saturation value $v_2^K (p_t) \approx 10$.Comment: REVTEX, 14 pages, 4 figure

Current status of habitat monitoring in the European Union according to Article 17 of the Habitats Directive, with an emphasis on habitat structure and functions and on Germany

Since the beginning of the 1990s, monitoring of habitats has been a widespread tool to record and assess changes in habitat quality, for example due to land use change. Thus, Article 11 of the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) requires, inter alia, monitoring of the conservation status of habitat types listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive, carried out by the Member States of the European Union (EU). This monitoring provides the foundation for the National Reports on the measures implemented and their effectiveness (Art. 17 Habitats Directive), which Member States have to submit to the European Commission every six years. Based on these requirements, Member States have developed different monitoring programmes or have adapted previously existing monitoring schemes to include relevant aspects of the Habitats Directive. The parameter ‘structure and functions’ is a key parameter for the assessment of the conservation status of habitat types as it provides information on the quality of the habitats. A standardised questionnaire was developed and sent to the competent authorities of Member States to compare and analyse the assessment methods of the quality of habitat types. Responses were received from 13 of the 28 Member States, while it was possible to include another Member State in the analysis by evaluating appropriate literature. The analysis revealed very different approaches and progress amongst the Member States in the development and implementation of monitoring programmes tailored to the reporting obligations of Article 17 of the Habitats Directive. Some Member States established a special standardised monitoring programme for Article 11 of the Habitats Directive, while others used data from already existing programmes (e.g. habitat mapping, large-scale forest inventories, landscape monitoring). Most Member States responding to the questionnaire use monitoring based on samples but the data collection, sample sizes and level of statistical certainty differ considerably. The same applies to the aggregation of data and the methods for the assessment of the parameter ‘structure and functions’. In contrast to the assessment of conservation status as part of the reporting obligations according to Article 17 of the Habitats Directive, no standardised EU guidelines exist for monitoring. The present study discusses differences in the monitoring programmes and evaluates them with regard to the objectives of comparable assessments of conservation status of habitat types in the National Reports of Member States or at a biogeographical level

Experimental Efforts on Very High-Energy Cosmic Rays and their Interactions - Conference Summary

Progress reported during the XV International Symposium on Very High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Interactions is summarized. Emphasize is given to experimental work. The actual status, recent results, and their implications on the present understanding of the origin of high-energy cosmic-rays and their interactions are discussed.Comment: Invited summary of the experimental efforts discussed at the XV ISVHECR